(A, B and C) Western blotting using p-mTOR (Ser2448), mTOR, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK antibodies on cryopreserved valve cells treated with trehalose (0.1 mol/L) or DMSO for 16 weeks. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 20 per group). ***P < 0.001 versus the DMSO group.</p