Hadjidakis, C.

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Probing Quark Gluon Plasma with quarkoniumproductionC. HadjidakisTo cite this version:C. Hadjidakis. Probing Quark Gluon Plasma with quarkonium production. The Workshop onCharmonium production and decays : new results and perspectives, Mar 2013, Orsay, France.<in2p3-00856695>HAL Id: in2p3-00856695http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00856695Submitted on 2 Sep 2013HAL is a multi-disciplinary open accessarchive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come fromteaching and research institutions in France orabroad, or from public or private research centers.L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, estdestine´e au de´poˆt et a` la diffusion de documentsscientifiques de niveau recherche, publie´s ou non,e´manant des e´tablissements d’enseignement et derecherche franc¸ais ou e´trangers, des laboratoirespublics ou prive´s.Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Probing Quark Gluon Plasma with quarkonium production1• Exploring the Quark Gluon Plasma• A particular probe: the quarkonium family• Selected results from SPS to LHCCynthia HadjidakisCharmonium workshopLAL-Orsay March 7th 2013Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013The QCD phase diagram and the QGP2Nuclear matter at high temperature and high density = Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP)- Partons are deconfined (not bound into composite object)- Chiral symmetry is restored (partons are massless)From lattice QCD: At µb = 0, Tc = 170 MeV (!c = 1 GeV/fm3)Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision experimentsSearch for the QGP phase and characterize itCynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013A little bang in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions (URHIC)3Space-time evolution of an URHIC           ! ! 20 fm/c  Kinetical freeze-outChemical freeze-out! ! 10 fm/c   T < TcHadron gas! ! 4 fm/c  T = TcMixed phase! ! 1 fm/c  T > TcThermalized QGP! ! 0Heavy-ion collisionLHC size and time numbers1 fm/c ~ 3 10-24 s0! ! QGP volume ! 300 fm3 Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013A little bang in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions (URHIC)3Space-time evolution of an URHIC           ! ! 20 fm/c  Kinetical freeze-outChemical freeze-out! ! 10 fm/c   T < TcHadron gas! ! 4 fm/c  T = TcMixed phase! ! 1 fm/c  T > TcThermalized QGP! ! 0Heavy-ion collisionLHC size and time numbers1 fm/c ~ 3 10-24 s0! ! At larger energy: larger, hotter, denser, longer life-time plasmaQGP volume ! 300 fm3 Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013... and finally in the experiment - ALICE4Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013... and finally in the experiment - ALICE4Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Probing the QGP5Many observables to probe the QGP - Global observables: multiplicity, total transverse energy, ...- Initial state observables: probes not affected by QGP as direct ", W+/-, Z0- Final state observables: hadron kinematic distributions, hadron species production, flow, high pT correlations, ...- Hard probes (first stage of the collisions): high pT particles, jets, open and hidden heavy flavour particles, ...Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Probing the QGP5     2000 - SPS @ CERN   - Evidence of a new state of matter     2005 - RHIC @ BNL   - QGP is a very strongly interacting (almost) perfect liquid01/2010 - RHIC @ BNL   - Highest man-made temperature (4 trillion 0C) in the Guiness Record12/2010 - ALICE @ LHC - QGP formed at LHC has a temperature 30% higher than RHICMany observables to probe the QGP - Global observables: multiplicity, total transverse energy, ...- Initial state observables: probes not affected by QGP as direct ", W+/-, Z0- Final state observables: hadron kinematic distributions, hadron species production, flow, high pT correlations, ...- Hard probes (first stage of the collisions): high pT particles, jets, open and hidden heavy flavour particles, ...Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Probing the QGP5     2000 - SPS @ CERN   - Evidence of a new state of matter     2005 - RHIC @ BNL   - QGP is a very strongly interacting (almost) perfect liquid01/2010 - RHIC @ BNL   - Highest man-made temperature (4 trillion 0C) in the Guiness Record12/2010 - ALICE @ LHC - QGP formed at LHC has a temperature 30% higher than RHICMany observables to probe the QGP - Global observables: multiplicity, total transverse energy, ...- Initial state observables: probes not affected by QGP as direct ", W+/-, Z0- Final state observables: hadron kinematic distributions, hadron species production, flow, high pT correlations, ...- Hard probes (first stage of the collisions): high pT particles, jets, open and hidden heavy flavour particles, ...Heavy-ion experiments: from discovery to quantitative characterization: measuring QGP parameters (energy, density, size, lifetime, temperature,....)Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Probing the QGP with quarkonia6Properties of quarkonium states- made of heavy quark and anti-quark: mc = 1.2-1.4 GeV and mb = 4.6-4.9 GeV- produced in the initial hard partonic collisions (# ! 1/ mQ ! 0.05-0.15 fm/c)- stable and tightly bound: Mccbar < 2 MD and Mbbbar < 2 MBCynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Probing the QGP with quarkonia6At T = 0, in the vacuum, Cornell potential 2 terms: - Coulombian contribution (gluon exchange) - Confinement contribution Properties of quarkonium states- made of heavy quark and anti-quark: mc = 1.2-1.4 GeV and mb = 4.6-4.9 GeV- produced in the initial hard partonic collisions (# ! 1/ mQ ! 0.05-0.15 fm/c)- stable and tightly bound: Mccbar < 2 MD and Mbbbar < 2 MBCynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Probing the QGP with quarkonia6At T >> 0 , debye screening induced by the high density of colour chargesAt T = 0, in the vacuum, Cornell potential 2 terms: - Coulombian contribution (gluon exchange) - Confinement contribution Properties of quarkonium states- made of heavy quark and anti-quark: mc = 1.2-1.4 GeV and mb = 4.6-4.9 GeV- produced in the initial hard partonic collisions (# ! 1/ mQ ! 0.05-0.15 fm/c)- stable and tightly bound: Mccbar < 2 MD and Mbbbar < 2 MB$ Melting of quarkonia at high temperature for %D < Quarkonium state radius Temperature%D :  Debye screening radius%D decreases with TMatsui, Satz PLB178(1986),416Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Probing the QGP with the quarkonium family7Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Probing the QGP with the quarkonium family7Sequential suppression of the quarkonium family: QGP thermometerExample of measured J/" prompt J/& ! 60% direct J/& + 30% 'C + 10% &(2S) Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Centrality of the collisions8Npart = 2        Ncoll = 1Npart = 5        Ncoll = 6Pb-Pb cent.    Npart = 380    Ncoll = 1700Centrality of the collisionssemi-central coll. central coll.bSpectatorsParticipantsBinary collisionsb = 0$ Glauber model used to determine the geometry of the collisionCynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Centrality of the collisions8Npart = 2        Ncoll = 1Npart = 5        Ncoll = 6Pb-Pb cent.    Npart = 380    Ncoll = 1700Centrality of the collisionssemi-central coll. central coll.bSpectatorsParticipantsBinary collisionsMultiplicity measurements with forward or central detectorsRelate the measured multiplicity in A-A collisions to Npart and NcollCentrality determinationb = 0$ Glauber model used to determine the geometry of the collisionCynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Nuclear modification factor9- Production in p-p at the same energy (whenever possible): reference for RAA- Production in p-A at the same energy (whenever possible): cold nuclear matter determination- Initial state effect: nuclear shadowing (npdf) -or gluon saturation in the nucleus-, parton energy loss, multiple elastic scatterings of partons (Cronin effect), ...- Final state effect: breakup of precursor quarkonia by nucleon collisions in the crossing nuclear matter (nuclear absorption), energy loss, ...Hard process: scale with Ncoll- RAA > 1: enhancement- RAA < 1: suppressionNuclear modification factorReferencesCold nuclear matter (CNM)Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Results from SPS and RHIC10SPS: NA38, NA50, NA60(sNN = 17 GeVIn-In / Pb-Pb (sNN = 19 GeVS-U RHIC: PHENIX, STAR(sNN = 200 GeVAu-AuJ/& suppression increases with collision centralitySimilar RAA at SPS and RHIC while energy density of formed QGP increases!But cold nuclear matter effects differ with energy: estimate the CNM      PHENIX Coll. PRL98 (2007) 232301SPS Coll. @ QM06Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Cold nuclear matter effect for J/!11J/& suppressed in d-Au at 200 GeVLess suppressed at backward and mid-rapidity than forward rapidity for most central collisionsDifficult to understand in terms of shadowing of parton distribution function (npdf) and single nuclear break-up cross-section: how to constrain the cold nuclear matter in a AA collisions? Try some effective parametrization of CNM...Cold nuclear matter effects estimated in d-Au @ 200 GeV (RHIC) or p-Pb @ 29 GeV and p-In @ 17 GeV (SPS) PHENIX Coll. PRL107 (2011) 142301Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Results from SPS and RHIC12SPS: NA50, NA60(sNN = 17 GeVIn-In / Pb-Pb (sNN = 19 GeVS-U RHIC: PHENIX, STAR(sNN = 200 GeVAu-AuN. Brambilla et al., Eur.Phys.J. C71 (2011) 1534Anomalous J/& suppression at SPS (up to 25%) and RHIC (up to 50%)Similar suppression for a given multiplicity...and assuming that CNM effects factorize...Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013y-dependence of J/! RAA at RHIC13More suppression (40%) at forward rapidity not expected (density of the QGP higher at mid-rapidity)Cold nuclear matter effect: RdAu is lower at forward y?Another mechanism: J/& regeneration?PHENIX Coll. PRC84 (2011) 059412Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Secondary J/! production?14Enhancement of J/" in a QGP Regeneration implies: - Evidence of thermalization of charm quarks - J/& and &(2S) not anymore a QGP thermometer- Not expected for bottomonium         "(2S) / "(1P)                                  "(1S) c and cbar combination at the hadronization stage: J/& regeneration)ccbar ! 1 mb @ 200 GeV = 2% of the hadronic cross-section$ 20 pairs of ccbar created in Au-Au @ 200 GeV for most central collisionsExpected if total charm cross-section is largeTotal charm production at RHIC Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013pT dependence of J/! RAA at RHIC15At large pT:No recombination possibleCold nuclear matter as initial state effect expected to be negligibleLess suppression at large pTBut still suppression of 40% for most central collisions at pT  > 5 GeV/cpT dependence not easily understood with color screening and npdfsBe aware that this is for inclusive J/& while B feed-down contribution is important at large pTSTAR Coll. arXiv:1208.2736Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Results from LHC16LHC 10 x higher energy than RHIC: higher rates for open and hidden heavy flavour productionLHC )ccbar ! 5 mb @ 2.76 TeV = 7% of the hadronic x-section $ 115 pairs of ccbar created in Pb-Pb @ 2.76 TeV for most central collisionsIf regeneration of J/& already at RHIC, a higher contribution is expected at LHCALICE Coll. JHEP 11 (2012) 065ALICE Coll. JHEP 1207 (2012) 191Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013J/! RAA vs centrality17J/& RAA larger at LHC than at RHIC at mid- and forward (for Npart > 100) rapidity for most central collisions$ consistent with regeneration mechanismALICE Coll. Hard Probes 2012 ALICE Coll. Hard Probes 2012 Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013J/! RAA for high pT and vs pT18At large pT, J/& RAA lower at LHC than at RHIC as expected if color screening mechanism only in a QGPJ/& less suppressed at low pT than high pT for most central collisionsCMS-PAS-HIN-12-014ALICE Coll. QM 2012 Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013J/! RAA vs y19J/& more suppressed at forward rapidity if integrated over pTShadowing models do not account for this rapidity decrease of RAANo or small rapidity dependence for large pTALICE Coll. Hard Probes 2012 CMS-PAS-HIN-12-014Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Elliptic flow20 If c quarks participate to the collective motion of the QGP, then they will acquire some elliptic flow Regenerated J/* will inherit their elliptic flowElliptic flow n=2v2(pT) = <cos(2!)>(pT)PxPyPzReaction planeXZYIn nuclei collisions at finite impact parameter: anisotropy of the geometrical overlap regionFor interacting matter (via multiple collisions): spatial asymmetry $ anisotropy of the particle momentum distributionAzimuthal dependence of the particle yieldCynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013J/! elliptic flow 21 Flow compatible with zero measured by STAR (RHIC) Non-zero J/psi v2 observed at intermediate pT for semi-central collisions at LHCv2 and RAA at low pT qualitatively described by models including regenerationALICE Coll., Hard Probes 2012STAR Coll, JPG38, 124107 (2011) Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013First !(2S) measurements22Both data are compatible: large uncertainties due to low statistics at pT > 3 GeV/c and lack of solid pp reference at 2.76 TeVDouble ratio measurement: &(2S)/ J/& in Pb-Pb over p-pCMS measures a &(2S) enhancement wrt J/& for pT > 3 GeV/c ALICE does not measure a sign of large &(2S) enhancementCMS Coll., Hard Probes 2012ALICE Coll., QM 2012+ (1S): RAA= 0.56±0.08+0.07+ (2S): RAA= 0.12±0.04+0.02+ (3S): RAA < 0.10 (95% CL)Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Bottomonium family23 RHIC: RAA(+ (1S+2S+3S)) = 0.56±0.21+0.08-0.16LHC: RAA(+ (1S+2S+3S)) ~ 0.32$RAA lower at RHIC than LHCCMS Coll. PRL 109 (2012) 222301,(3s) completely melted ,(2s) strongly suppressed Y(1S) suppression consistent with excited states suppression by color screeningSTAR Coll. QM 2012+ (1S): RAA= 0.56±0.08+0.07+ (2S): RAA= 0.12±0.04+0.02+ (3S): RAA < 0.10 (95% CL)Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Bottomonium family23 RHIC: RAA(+ (1S+2S+3S)) = 0.56±0.21+0.08-0.16LHC: RAA(+ (1S+2S+3S)) ~ 0.32$RAA lower at RHIC than LHCCMS Coll. PRL 109 (2012) 222301,(3s) completely melted ,(2s) strongly suppressed Y(1S) suppression consistent with excited states suppression by color screeningSTAR Coll. QM 2012Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Conclusion and outlooks24SPS and RHIC data point out for an anomalous J/& suppression by color screening but the rapidity dependence of RAA gives a more complexe pictureAt LHC, J/& low pT and flow measurements with ALICE is consistent with the mechanism of charm and anti-charm regeneration at the hadronization stageJ/& high pT measured by ALICE and CMS are more suppressed than RHIC dataUpsilon suppression measured at CMS is compatible with sequential suppression of excited statesp-Pb results for charmonia and bottomonia production needed at LHC to disentangle hot and cold nuclear effects in Pb-Pb, to confirm these conclusions and to allow quantitative conclusions on the hot nuclear medium formed: p-Pb analysis ongoingCynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013back-up slides25Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013From inclusive to prompt J/! RAA26Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Inclusive J/! <pT>27Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013J/! RAA @ LHC and RHIC vs. models28Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013LHC vs RHIC29Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013prompt D0 v230Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013# RAA @ LHC vs. models31arXiv:1208.2826• Strickland, arXiv:1207.5327– Difficulties to simultaneously describe !(1S) and !(2S) with the same "/S value • Rapp et al., EPJ A48 (2012) 72 Regeneration and nuclear absorption could be significant also for bottomonia!Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Energy scan at RHIC32No dAu reference at 62.4 and 39 GeVCynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013!(2S) also puzzling in d-Au33Cynthia Hadjidakis       LAL - Orsay     March 7th 2013Different systems at RHIC34In Cu+Au collisions:  • RAA(Au-going) > RAA(Cu-going),• qualitatively described by CNM but not quantitatively• Additional suppression suggests hot, dense medium effect

Probing Quark Gluon Plasma with quarkonium production

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