SUGIHARTO, Sugiharto

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EFFECT OF POST-HATCHFEED DEPRIVATION ON FATTYACID COMPOSITION OFBROILER MEATby Sugiharto SugihartoSubmission date: 24-Apr-2019 10:57PM (UTC+0700)Submission ID: 1118375367File name: JITAA_40_4_234-237,_DESEMBER_2015.pdf  (114.93K)Word count: 2285Character count: 1128724%SIMILARITY INDEX19%INTERNET SOURCES18%PUBLICATIONS10%STUDENT PAPERS1 5%2 1%3 1%4 1%5 1%EFFECT OF POST-HATCH FEED DEPRIVATION ON FATTYACID COMPOSITION OF BROILER MEATORIGINALITY REPORTPRIMARY SOURCESjapr.fass.orgInternet  Sourceacademic.oup.comInternet  SourceMonika Proszkowiec-Weglarz, Lori L Schreier,Katarzyna B Miska, Roselina Angel, StanislawKahl, Beverly Russell. "Effect of early neonataldevelopment and delayed feeding post-hatchon jejunal and ileal calcium and phosphorustransporter genes expression in broilerchickens1", Poultry Science, 2019Publicat ionwww.biochemj.orgInternet  SourceThong HT. "Amino acid requirement of growingpigs depending on amino acid eff iciency andlevel of protein deposition. 2nd communication:threonine", Archives of Animal Nutrition,4/1/20046 1%7 1%8 1%9 1%10 1%11 1%12 1%13 1%Publicat ionviaclinica.comInternet  Sourcewww.icomst2009.dkInternet  SourceSubmitted to University of DurhamStudent  Paperopenaccess.leidenuniv.nlInternet  Sourcewww.animalproduction.netInternet  SourceGonzalez, D., D. J. Mustacich, M. G. Traber,and G. Cherian. "Early feeding and dietarylipids affect broiler tissue fatty acids, vitamin Estatus, and cyclooxygenase-2 proteinexpression upon lipopolysaccharide challenge",Poultry Science, 2011.Publicat ionTsiouris, V., I. Georgopoulou, Chr Batzios, N.Pappaioannou, R. Ducatelle, and P. Fortomaris."Temporary feed restriction partially protectsbroilers from necrotic enteritis", AvianPathology, 2014.Publicat ionSubmitted to Higher Education Commission14 1%15 <1%16 <1%17 <1%18 <1%19 <1%20 <1%21 <1%PakistanStudent  Paperera.library.ualberta.caInternet  SourcePekel, A. Y., G. Demirel, M. Midilli, T.Ogretmen, N. Kocabagli, and M. Alp."Comparison of broiler live performance,carcass characteristics, and fatty acidcomposition of thigh meat when fed dietssupplemented with neutralized sunflowersoapstock or soybean oil", The Journal ofApplied Poultry Research, 2013.Publicat iondocuments.mxInternet  Sourceproposalskripsis1.blogspot.comInternet  Sourcedocplayer.netInternet  Sourceedepot.wur.nlInternet  Sourcejas.fass.orgInternet  Sourceigitur-archive.library.uu.nlInternet  Source22 <1%23 <1%24 <1%25 <1%26 <1%27 <1%28 <1%ses.library.usyd.edu.auInternet  Sourcelib.dr.iastate.eduInternet  Sourcekrishikosh.egranth.ac.inInternet  SourceM. Skrivan V.Skrivanova. "Influence of dietaryfat source and copper supplementation onbroiler performance, fatty acid profile of meatand depot fat, and on cholesterol content inmeat", British Poultry Science, 12/2000Publicat ioneprints.uns.ac.idInternet  SourceK Raes. "Meat quality, fatty acid compositionand flavour analysis in Belgian retail beef",Meat Science, 2003Publicat ionWenying Huo, Min Li, Jianping Wang, ZhixiangWang, Yanqun Huang, Wen Chen. "Effects ofdietary lipid sources on growth performance,nutrient digestibility, blood T lymphocytesubsets, and cardiac antioxidant status ofbroilers", Animal Nutrition, 2018Publicat ion29 <1%30 <1%Exclude quotes OnExclude bibliography OnExclude matches Of fSkrede, Anders, Stefan Sahlstrøm, ØysteinAhlstrøm, Kirsti Hjelme Connor, and GreteSkrede. "Effects of lactic acid fermentation andgamma irradiation of barley on antinutrientcontents and nutrient digestibility in mink(Mustela vison) with and without dietaryenzyme supplement", Archives of AnimalNutrition, 2007.Publicat ionTyra, M.. "Effect of the FABP3 and LEPR genepolymorphisms and expression levels onintramuscular fat (IMF) content and fat coverdegree in pigs", Livestock Science, 201112Publicat ionFINAL GRADE/0EFFECT OF POST-HATCH FEED DEPRIVATION ON FATTYACID COMPOSITION OF BROILER MEATGRADEMARK REPORTGENERAL COMMENTSInstructorPAGE 1PAGE 2PAGE 3PAGE 4

Turnitin (EFFECT OF POST-HATCH FEED DEPRIVATION ON FATTY

ACID COMPOSITION OF BROILER MEAT)

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture(J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric.)40(4):234-237, December 2015pISSN 2087-8273  eISSN 2460-6278EFFECT OF POST-HATCH FEED DEPRIVATION ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF BROILER MEATS. Sugiharto, I. Isroli, T. Yudiarti, E. Widiastuti, E. KusumantiFaculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275 – IndonesiaCorresponding E-mail: sgh_undip@yahoo.co.id Received  October 11, 2015; Accepted  November 24, 2015ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemuasaan selama 48 jam setelah menetas terhadap komposisi asam lemak pada daging ayam broiler. Sejumlah 60 anak ayam strain Ross umur 1 hari dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok anak ayam yang mendapatkan akses terhadap air dan pakan secara ad libitum seketika setelah menetas sampai dengan umur 35 hari dan kelompok ayam yang diberikan pakan 48 jam setelah menetas. Darah untuk analisis kolesterol diperoleh dari ayam umur 34 hari, dan pada umur 36 hari ayam yang sama kemudian disembelih. Sesaat setelah  disembelih,  daging  (tanpa  kulit)  dari  bagian  dada,  lemak  abdomen,  jantung  dan  hati  diambil  dan ditimbang.  Pemuasaan  selama  48  jam  setelah  menetas  menyebabkan  pertumbuhan  ayam  menjadi terhambat  (P<0.05), namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap lemak abdomen, komposisi asam lemak pada daging,  total  kolesterol  dalam  serum  serta  berat  jantung  dan  hati  ayam  broiler  (P>0.05).  Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan sesaat setelah ayam menetas merupakan metode yang sangat baik untuk meningkatkan bobot akhir ayam broiler tanpa mempengaruhi kualitas daging ayam broiler. Kata kunci: paska penetasan, pemuasaan, asam lemak, daging, ayam pedagingABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of feed deprivation over the first 48 h post-hatch on the composition of fatty acids in broiler meat. Sixty 1-d-old Ross chicks were divided to two experimental groups, i.e., birds provided access to feed and water ad libitum immediately post-hatch until d 35 and  birds deprived from feed but not from water  over the first 48 h post-hatch. Blood for cholesterol analysis was collected on d 34. The same birds  were sacrificed on d 36, and immediately breast meat, abdominal fat, heart and liver were collected and weighed. Feed deprivation over the first 48 h post-hatch retarded (P<0.05) growth performance of chickens, but had no impact (P>0.05) on the abdominal fat, fatty acid profile of meat, total serum cholesterol level as well as the weight of heart and  liver of broiler. In conclusion, early post-hatch feeding is a beneficial means to enhance the final body weight of broilers without affecting the meat quality.Keywords: post-hatch, feed deprivation, broiler, fatty acid, meatINTRODUCTIONThe content and composition of fatty acids have  profound  implications  on  poultry  meat quality (Wood  et al., 2003). A number of factors have  been  reported  to  influence  the  fatty  acid composition  in  meat,  and  that  feed restriction/deprivation  is  one  of  the  most important  factors  (Więcek  et  al.,  2011).  Under practical  conditions,  the  post-hatch  chicks  are often withheld from feed and water for substantial time during the transportation from the hatchery to the farm (Juul-Madsen et al., 2004). While the post-hatch feed deprivation has been reported to 234 J.Indonesian Trop.Anim.Agric. 40(4):234-237, December 2015impair the growth performance of broiler chickens (Juul-Madsen  et al.,  2004), early feed restriction indeed  produced  broiler  carcass  with  lower abdominal fat content which is favourable for the consumers  (Zhan  et  al.,  2007).  In  pigs,  feed restriction was associated with a lower proportion of  saturated  fatty  acids  (SFAs)  and  a  higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in meat (Więcek et al., 2011). The effect of post-hatch feed withholding on the fatty acid profile of broiler  meat,  however,  remains  less  elucidated. Hence, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of feed deprivation over the first 48 h post-hatch  on the composition of fatty acids in broiler meat. MATERIALS AND METHODSSixty male 1-d-old Ross chicks were divided to  two groups  of  feeding  times  post-hatch,  i.e., birds provided access to feed and water ad libitum immediately after hatching until  d 35, and  birds deprived from feed but not from water  over the first  48  h  post-hatch.  Within  each  group,  the chicks were randomly allotted into six wire floors pens with five chicks per pen situated in a semi closed house system. The diet was equivalent to commercial chick starter crumbles from d 0 to d 35 and was similar for the two groups (Table 1). One bird from each pen was blood sampled from  its  wing  vein  on  d  34. The  total  serum cholesterol  level  was  determined  based  on  the enzymatic  method  using  Auto  analyser-Advia 1650. The same birds were sacrificed on d 36 and immediately breast meat (skinless), abdominal fat, heart and liver were collected and weighed. The fatty acids composition of meat  was determined based on Bligh and Dyer (1959) using HP-6890 gas chromatograph equipped with an autosampler, FID and fused-silica  capillary column  (30  m × 0.25 mm × 0.2 μm film thickness). A sample (1 μL) was injected with helium as a carrier gas onto the  column  programmed  for  ramped  oven temperatures (initial temperature was 110°C held for 1.0 min, then ramped at 15°C/min to 190°C and held for  5 min,  then ramped at  5°C/min to 230°C  and  held  for  5  min).  Inlet  and  detector temperatures were held at 220°C. Peak areas and percentages  were  calculated  using  a  Hewlett-Packard  ChemStation  software.  Fatty  acids methyl esters were identified by comparison with retention times of authentic standard. The data on fatty acids composition of breast meat, total serum cholesterol, the weight of heart and liver were analyzed with paired-samples t-test procedure.  A  p-value  of  less  than  0.05  was considered statistically significant. The data were presented as means ± SEM.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONWhile withholding the chicks from feed over the  first  48  h  post-hatch  resulted  in  a  lower (P<0.05) final body weight (1,935 g versus 2,019 g),  this treatment did not influence (P>0.05) the abdominal  fat  content  (percentage  to  live  body weight,  1.6%  versus 1.9%)  of  broiler  in  the present study. A similar result was reported by El-Husseiny  et  al.  (2008)  in  broiler  deprived from feed during the first 48 h post-hatch. It has been reported in pigs that SFAs and monounsaturated fatty  acids  (MUFAs)  content  in  pork  meat decrease  with  decreasing  fatness,  leading  to  a Fatty Acid Composition of Post-hatch Feed-deprived Broiler Meat (S. Sugiharto et al.) 235Table  1.  Composition  of  the  Experimental Diet Ingredients Composition (g/kg)Yellow corn 56.2Soy bean meal (SBM) 24.5Meat bone meal (MBM) 6.00Corn gluten meal (CGM) 3.00Palm kernel meal (PKM) 1.50Distiller dried grain soluble (DDGS) 0.90Top mix* 7.87Calculated nutrient content:  - Metabolisable energy (MJ/100kg) 1,243- Crude protein (N×6.25) 20.8- Total fat (%) 5.92*Each kg Top mix contained vitamin A (1,200,000 IU), vitamin D3 (200,000 IU), vitamin E (800 IU), vitamin B1 (200 mg),  vitamin B2 (500 mg),  vitamin B6 (50 mg),  vitamin  B12  (1,200  µg),  vitamin  K (200  mg), vitamin C (2,500 mg),  Ca ᴅ-pantothenate  (600 mg), niacin (4,000 mg), manganese (1,200 mg), iron (2000 mg), iodine (20 mg), zinc (10,000 mg), cobalt (20 mg), copper (400 mg), santoquin (1,000 mg), zinc bacitracin (21,000 mg), choline chloride (1,000 mg), methionine (3,000) and lysine (3,000 mg)higher relative content of PUFAs and the resultant increase in the PUFAs/SFAs ratio (Więcek et al., 2011). Consistent with the abdominal fat content, the composition of fatty acids in breast meat did not differ between the  post-hatch  feed deprived- and  undeprived-broilers  in  the  current  study (Table  2).  Gonzalez  et  al.  (2011)  reported  that early  feeding  (~5  h  versus 48  h  post-hatch) increased  linoleic  and  arachidonic  acids  in  the plasma and oleic  acid  in  the  liver,  and reduced arachidonic  acid  in  the  liver.  However,  the treatment did not affect the composition of fatty acid in the spleen of  broilers.  The low total  fat content  in  the  chicken  breasts  when  compared with  that  in  the  other  organs  such  as  liver (Santoso,  2002)  may  explain  the  discrepancy between the current result and that of reported by the previous authors.Feed restriction/deprivation has been known to  affect  the  cholesterol  content  in  broiler chickens.  Santoso  (2001)  reported  that  free cholesterol  content  in  the  liver  and carcass  was decreased by an early feed restriction. Unlike the latter  work,  there was no difference (P>0.05) in the total serum cholesterol between the post-hatch feed  deprived-  and  undeprived-broilers  in  the present  study  (Table  3).  The  response  of cholesterol  levels  to  feed  restriction/deprivation seems to depend on the time of treatments (feed deprivation)  applied.  Goodridge  (1968)  reported that  the  response  of  cholesterol  synthesis  to fasting and feeding differed between older and the newly  hatched  chicks.  Whereas  there  is  only a small increase in the rate of cholesterol synthesis when  1-d-old  chicks  are  fed,  the  substantial increase  occurs  after  the  chicks  are  5-d-old. Hence,  fasting  over  the  first  48 h post-hatch  or immediate feeding post-hatch had no significant influence on the  total serum cholesterol level of broilers. It  has  been  known  that  feed  deprivation followed by realimentation leads to the change in metabolic rate, which may in turn alter the weight of the supply organs such as heart and liver. In the current study, feed deprivation over the first 48 h post-hatch  did  not  alter  (P>0.05)  the  weight  of heart and liver of broilers measured at d 36 (Table 3). This result was in agreement with Mahmood et al. (2007) reporting that the relative weight of heart  and  liver  of  broiler  on  d  42  remained unaffected  by feed  restriction  during  the  starter phase. CONCLUSIONFeed  deprivation  over  the  first  48  h  post-hatch retarded growth performance  of  chickens, but had no impact on the abdominal fat, fatty acid profile of meat, serum cholesterol level as well as the weight of heart and liver of broiler. Early post-hatch feeding is a beneficial means to enhance the final  body weight  of  birds without  affecting the meat quality. 236 J.Indonesian Trop.Anim.Agric. 40(4):234-237, December 2015Table 2. Fatty Acid Composition (mg/100g) of Breast MeatFatty acids Feed deprived-birdsUndeprived-birdsC14:0 4.90 ± 1.45 4.11 ±  1.76C16:0 192     ± 24.20 199     ±   22.40C18:0 61.10 ± 5.10 63.50 ±   5.67C16:1n-7 38.90 ± 9.61 40.00 ±  7.62C18:1n-9   263 ± 40.20 278     ±     40.30C18:1n-7 21.10 ± 1.89 27.60 ±  4.03C18:3n-3 7.51 ± 1.38 7.97 ± 1.43C20:5n-3 1.96 ± 0.07 2.29 ± 0.16C22:5n-3 3.66 ± 0.36 3.24 ± 0.53C22:6n-3 3.12 ± 0.33 2.92 ± 0.34C18:2n-6 170    ± 18.60 179     ±   19.10C18:3n-6 1.51 ± 0.25 1.66 ± 0.18C20:3n-6 9.79 ± 0.86 10.10 ±     0.64C20:4n-6 33.04 ± 2.26 31.20 ±    1.65C22:5n-6 9.30 ± 0.74 8.54 ± 1.01 Table 3. Total Serum Cholesterol (mmol/L) and Percentage  of  Heart  or  Liver  to  Live  Body Weight (%)Feed deprived-birdsUndeprived-birdsSerum total cholesterol 3.26 ± 0.14 3.53 ± 0.22Heart weight 0.55 ± 0.04 0.52 ± 0.01Liver weight 2.34 ± 0.12 2.18 ± 0.15REFERENCESBligh, E.G. and W.J. Dyer 1959. A rapid method of  total  lipid  extraction  and  purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37:911-917.El-Husseiny,  O.M.,  S.A.  El-Wafa,  and  H.M.A. ElKomy. 2008. Influence of fasting or early feeding on broiler performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 7:263-271.Gonzalez, D., D.J. Mustacich, M.G. Traber and G. Cherian.  2011.  Early  feeding  and  dietary lipids  affect  broiler  tissue  fatty  acids, vitamin  E  status,  and  cyclooxygenase-2 protein  expression upon lipopolysaccharide challenge. 90:2790-2800.Goodridge,  A.G.  1968.  The  effect  of  starvation and  starvation  followed  by  feeding  on enzyme activity and the metabolism of [U-14C] glucose in liver from growing chicks. Biochem. J. 108:667–673.Juul-Madsen, H.R., G. Su and P. Sorensen. 2004. Influence of early or late start of first feeding on  growth  and  immune  phenotype  of broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 45:210-222.Mahmood,  S.,  S.  Mehmood,  F.  Ahmad,  A. Masood and R. Kausar. 2007. Effect of feed restriction  during  starter  phase  on subsequent  growth  performance,  dressing percentage,  relative  organ  weights  and immune  response  of  broiler.  Pak.  Vet.  J. 27:137-141.Santoso, U. 2001. Effect of early feed restriction and high-fat  realimentation  diet  on  growth and  fat  accumulation  in  broiler  chicks. Veteriner. 8:19–23.Santoso, U. 2002. Effects of early feed restriction on  breast  and  leg  meat  composition  and plasma  lipid  concentration  in  unsexed broiler chickens reared in cages. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 15:1475-1481.Więcek, J., A. Rekiel, M. Batorska and J. Skomia. 2011.  Effect  of  restricted  feeding  and realimentation periods  on pork quality and fatty acid profile of M. longissimus thoracis. Meat Sci. 87:244-249.Wood,  J.D.,  R.I.  Richardson,  G.R.  Nute,  A.V. Fisher,  M.M.  Campo,  E.  Kasapidou,  P.R. Sheard and M. Enser. 2003. Effects of fatty acids  on meat  quality:  a  review.  Meat  Sci. 66:21-32.Zhan, X.A., M. Wang, H. Ren, R.Q. Zhao, J.X. Li, Z.L.  Tan.  2007.  Effect  of  early  feed restriction  on  metabolic  programming  and compensatory  growth  in  broiler  chickens. Poult. Sci. 86:654-660.Fatty Acid Composition of Post-hatch Feed-deprived Broiler Meat (S. Sugiharto et al.) 237

Effect of Post-Hatch Feed Deprivation on Fatty Acid Composition of Broiler Meat

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Turnitin (EFFECT OF POST-HATCH FEED DEPRIVATION ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF BROILER MEAT)

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