The results of a study of the effects provided by changes in the concentration of atmospheric ozone on the mean temperatures of the troposphere and lower stratosphere are presented. It was found that ozone must be considered no less important in producing climatic changes than is CO2

Rakipova, L. R.

English

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3 1176 00121 6523 : ,
NASA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM i NASA TM-75350.
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THE INFLUENCE OF VARIATIONS IN 0ZON_ CONCENTRATION ON THE TEMPERATURE i
REGIME OF THE'ATMOSPHERE
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' INASA-TM-75350 19800008389
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Translation of "Vliyanie Variatsii Kontsent_atsii Ozona na Termicheskii
Rezhim Atmosfery", Sun-Atmosphere Rel&tions! in Climate Theory and Weather
Forecasts: All-Union Conference, lst,_Moscow, USSR, Oct. 30 - Nov. l,
1972. Transactions. Leningrad, Gidr_meteo_zdat, 197k, pp. 359-361.
IiIIi! II IIII
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LANGLEY,RESEARCHCENTER
LIBRARY, NASA
HAI_TO_N,LVIRGINIA
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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE !ADMINISTRATION
LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER JUNE, 1979
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THE INFLUENCEOF VARZATZONSIN"OZONE'OONOENTR:A:TIO]_
6. Pe,(o,mlnO O,|.nlmetien Code " "ON]THE TEMPERATURE REGIME OF THE ATMOSPHERE
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• • Translation of ".Vliyanie'VariatsiiKontsentratsii 0zona na Termicheskii" "
Rezhim Atmosfery.".,Sun-Atmosphere Relatlons i_ Climate Theory and Weathe_
• Forecasts:.Ali-Union Conference, ist, Moscow,_USSR_ Oct. 30 - Nov. i', ... [.
1972. Transa_tiohs. Leningrad, Gidrom_teoiz_at, 1974, pp. 359-361. "
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The article presents results of a _tudy. of the effects provide_
by changes _n t_e concentration,of atmospheric "ozone*on the mean tempera-
_ures of the tr01_ospher_anyhow.or:stratosphere. 'It concludes,that._ozone. "[i!climatic changes t_anmust be considered no.,les_ ant ifi prod_cini
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THE INFLUENCE,0FVARIATIONSIN OZONE!CONCENTRATION THE TEMPERATURE
i
REGIMEOF THE ATMOSPHERE
.......R.R ipow
The effec_tof solar activity on the concentration of atmospheric ozone /359
has for a long time been considered unclear; Now, however, we have at ou_
disposal data which support the possibility _of a connection between ozone and
solar activity. !
Observations of atmospheric ozone conducted at IZMIRAN since 1951 indi-
,
cate a strong increase in the total content_of ozone (to 200%) at the time[
of chromospheric flares [4], Theoretical evaluations of the time of maximum
perturbation in the ozone concentration, carried out by R. S. Steblova, like-
i i
wise confirm that ozone can not be insensitive to flares of ultraviolet radia-
tion on the sun [4].
Measurements of ultraviolet radiation in three spectral regions conducted-by
the satellitei968-059A(OVl-15)haveshownthatthe radiationresponsiblefor the
formationof atmospherlcozone(i.e.radiationin the 0.160-0.210micronrange)
fluctuates by more than 60% depending upon the intensity of solar calcium floc-
culi (theCa II indexchangedfrom3 to 7 duringthe measuringperiodfrom
June 16 to AugUst13, 1968). Suchvariationsin ultravioletradiationar_e
insufficiento changethe valueof the solarconstant(theyamountto 0.p2%
of the solar constant), but they are quite _ufficient to noticeably alter the
ozone concentration. It thus follows ihat the connection between solar activity,
ozone, and the 'atmosphere must be cons_ider__pressing.
The present communication brieflyisets Torth the results of a study Of the
effects produced by changes in the concentration of atmospheric ozone on the
mean temperature of the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Only the effect
of ozone on sh0rt-wave (solar) radiation is considered| the effect on long-wave
(atmospheric) radiation can, according to Ple_s and Oring, be ignored [23.
One of the most complete theories of atmospheric thermodynamics _] was /360
used in evaluating the thermal effects of variations in the ozone concenti'ation.
l
Computations w4re performed for a wide range of changes in concentration (from
zero to five t4mes the normal value).l
Figure I shows the dependence of air Qtemperature changes at the !earth's
_surface on the reiative qh_nges ini the ozone concentration C. An increase
in the ozone concentration leads to a decrease in the flux of solariradiation
, i _
*Numbers in margin indicate pagination-in Original foreign text.
¢at altitudes of less than 20kinand to a lowe_ng, of the air temperature at the
earth' s surface_, ' ._........ i._. ' ...... '
............. • i t. aj € . ., •
4r_O] !' .,! 30_ ,_,.€%. I "/. /
• - , ' I" / JJ '
! • ! I / t0
• " *.L / f .t.. ~.ti
_tlr- ° G '
• • t / /
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, t/ /
_ Ob / ..
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3 $C -t,,1_///: 2
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........................ t , .;€ -IC € °_ € I: :f .l$.-
'Fig. i - Dependence of_T(:0) on Fig. 2 - Dependence of
C for a warm (I) and cold _(2) the air temperature t(0)
half year at the earth's surface on
the variation of solar radiation
/_S(H) entering the earth atmosphere
system for warm (1) and cold (2) half
The thermal effect of the normal concentration of ozone is 4,0K for a warm years
half year and 2.2K for a cold one. An increase in the ozone concentration to
two times the normal value corresponds to&T - -0.gK for a w_rm half year and
- _T - -0.6K for a cold half year.
Are these changes small or large? Accox_ing to modern conceptions,the
earth's climate is very sensitive to small changes in the amount of radiation
I
entering the atmosphere. In the opinion of MI.I. Budyko, a long'term I-i._
decrease in radiation (corresponding to a temperature decrease of 1,5-2.0°€
at the earth's surface) is sufficient to cause ice flows to move into the tem-
perate latitudes, i.e. to initiate a new Ice Age L1]. ',
I
This result•was obtained by theoretical means. In confirmation ione can
clte the following example. In the years 1918 to 1947 the amount of :dlrect
solar radiation under a cloudless sky was 0,3% higher than it had been during
the previous thl_y years. Despite the fact that radiation changes over a /361
thirty year period are too short-lived to affect a thermally inert ocean, during
the years from 1918 to 1947 there occurred a noticeable reduction in the sur-
face area covered by the polar ices and likewise a certain retreat on the part
of land glaciers,[I], "l
At the present time, in light of these c_nceptlons, the change in the
concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide i_ considered one of the fundamental
factors in climactic change. However, evaluations of the thermal effects of
2
f.
ozone and CO2 give comparable results (by the end of the current century the
mean temperature of the atmosphere will rise O._K as a result of a predicted
CO2 concentration increase of 20%).
Consequently, ozone must be considered no less important in producing aJ
climactic changes than is CO2. In addition, ozone gives greater latitude for
explaining these changes, since changes both natural and artiflclallas well
as the climactic dependence on solar activity;can be linked to ozone.
The dependence of the solar constant on the Wolf sunspot number may be
an additional cause behind %he effect of solar activity on the climate. Figure 2
shows the changes in air temperature at the earth's surface as a function of
variations in the solar constant. A 1% change in the solar constant could
correspond, depending on its sign and the season, to temperature changes of
from+I.Oto-2.0°c[3].
It follows that there may be several mechanisms by which solar activity
influences the temperature of the atmosphere. Depending upon the level and
character of solar activity, certain of these mechanisms may give rise to am-
biguous relations.Thusthe magnitudeand signof the sum thermaleffectwill
also depend upon the level and character of solar activity. This shows that
the ambiguityof the solar_ atmosphericrelationsresultsfromthevery nature
of these relations.
LITERATUHE
- I. Budyko, M. I., Polyarnye _ i Klimat ("_lartIces and the Climat_,).
Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1969_ 351pages.
" 2. Kondrat'ev K. Ya.,Filipovich0. P.I,TeplovoiRezhimVerkhnikhSloev
--. Atmosfery (,,Thermodynamicsof t_e Upper Layers of the Atmosphere,).
Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1960, 356 pages.
3. Rakipova L. R., Nekotorye Voprosy Issledo_niya _ Rezhima Atmosfery.
Problemy Obshchei Tsirkulyatsii Atmosfery. --Trud_ _-i Vsesoyuznoi Kon-
-_. ferentsilDo DbshcheiTsirkulyatsiiAtmosfery(,,SeveralQuestionsCon-
cerning the Investigation of the Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere.
Problems of General Circulationfof "theAtmosphere. --ProCeedings of the
. 3rd All-UnionConferenceon theGeneralCirculationof the Atmosphere").
Leningrad,Gidrometeoizdat,1972,pp. 191-207.
4. SteblovaR. iS._ NarushenieStatsionarnog6Rezhimav AtmosfernomOzone
(-DestructionftheStationaryRegimein AtmoBphericOzone-).-
3
l
"Geomagnetizmi Aeronomlya." 1963,_' NO. 2, pp.324-335.
5. Prag P. B., Morse T. A., Variations__nth___eSolar UltravioletFlux from
13 to August 2, 1968. J. Geoph. Res., 1970, 75, No. ZS, pp.4613-
4621. ..
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The influence of variations in ozone concentration on the temperature regime of the atmosphere

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