Radiator technology is discussed in the context of the Civilian Space Technology Initiative's (CSTI's) high capacity power-thermal management project. The CSTI project is a subset of a project to develop a piloted Mars nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) vehicle. The following topics are presented in vugraph form: advanced radiator concepts; heat pipe codes and testing; composite materials; radiator design and integration; and surface morphology

Juhasz, Albert J.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

AFI_JOSPILC[ 1ECI4NOL OCbY OIR[CTOAAIE
POWER TECHNOLOGY DIWSION
N93-26979
NUCLEAR PROPULSION
TECHNICAL INTERCHANGE MEETING
OCTOBER 20-23, 1992
RADIATOR TECHNOLOGY
ALBERT J. JUHASZ
OCTOBER 21, 1992
A,|-_*2 04.pro I
NP-TIM-92
CAPACITY POWERIIIGH
CSTI HIGH CAPACITY POWER- THERMAL MANAGEMENT
PROJECT ELEMENTS
.... _ _ * LANL,LIRC, WRDC, PL_TPT
ULTRA LIGHT FABRIC HEAT _ :'_'."__ ::-: /"
ELECTRO-PHYSICS BRANCH { b,,..ve,_,, _ Refr + Gr/Cu - LeRC MATL Dr/.
C/C- SPl, RI
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS - PS]O
1009 NEP: Technology
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930017790 2020-03-17T06:03:41+00:00Z
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
EXTERNALPROGRAM SUPPORT FOR FY92
FUNDINGSOURCE/AMOUNT
1. NASAPHASEISBIR
(50K)
2. AIRFORCEPL/STFT
(50K)
3. SDIO
(3OK)
4. NEPPROGRAM
(40K)
(36K)
FOCUSEDTASK
R&O ON HEAT PiPE WORKING FLUID
ALTERNATIVES TO Fig (50_¢,. 70010
_ATES: SULFUR-IOUINE;
ORGANICS
HEAT PIPE CODE DEVELOPMENT -WSU
& VALIDATION
HEAT PIPE CODE DEVELOPMENT.
& VAUOATION
HIGH CONDUCTMTY FIN DEVELOPMENT
VIA INTEGRAL WOVEN RBER APPROACH
ALTERNATE HEAT PIPE WORKING FLUIDS
RESEARCH FOR 5001( - 700K RANGE
PJJ_4 _ 4
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
SP-I00
ADVANCED RADIATOR CONCEPTS
PROJECT
NEP: Technology 1010 NP-TIM-92
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
ADVANCED RADIATOR CONCEPTS
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
• IDENTIFYADVANCEDSPACERADIATORCONCEPTSTO MEETTHE
FOLLOWINGREQUIREMENTS
• TECHNICALGOALS
• SPECIFIC MASS OF 5 kg/m2; EMISSIVITY _>0.85
• 0.99 REUABILITY
• 10 YEAR LIFE
• APPLICATIONS
- RADIATORS SIZED FOR POWER SYSTEMS WITH A 2.5 MWI NEAT SOURCE
- THERMOELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM AT 875 K (Area - 106 m2, Qr = 2.4 MWt; P. lUkWe)
- STIRLING ENGINE POWER SYSTEM AT 600 K (Area. 335 m2; Qr = 17 MWt; P = 800 kWe)
• DEVELOPTHETECHNOLOGYNEEDEDFORTHEIDENTIFIEDCONCEPTSBY:
JANUARY1992(ORIGINALPLAN)
JUNE1993 (NEWPLAN)
p
NP-TIM.92
NOW-
- 9/87
- 12/87
- 3/88
- 9/88
- 1/89
- 7/90
- 2/91
- 11/91
- 10/92
- 6/93 COMPLETION
tlIGH CAPACITY POWER
ADVANCED RADIATOR CONCEPTS
PROJECT FLOW CHART
. DERNE
CONCEPTS
PRELIMINARY DESIGN I
- FEASIBILITY
- TECH. DEVELOPMENT PLAN
1 COMPONE_ "I_C_tNOLIXlY
- DEMONSTRATE COMPONENT ISSUES
RIASA
FOURPHASE
PROGRAM
1SUBSYSTEM TESTING
- DEMONSTRATE ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE
1011 NEP: Technology
tlIGII CAPACITY POWER
ADVANCED RADIATORCONCEPTS
ROCKWELLAPPROACH
• TWO-SIDEDFLATPLATERADIATORPANELS
• MONOLITHICC-CPIPECONSTRUCTION
• EFFORTEMPHASIZINGMATERIALS;GEOMETRYSECONDARY
• TECHNOLOGYIMPACT
- INTEGRALC-CPIPE/FINCONSTRUCTION
- CVDMETALLINEDC-CTUBES
• BRAZEDEVELOPMENTFORMETALLINEDC-CTUBES
- C-CCOMPOSITEHEATPIPEFABRICATION&TESTING
AJJl_O'_ 7
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
SP-IO0 Advanced Radiator Concept
_ " ;if
T " " ""
null,lpi ' "_ I
NEP: Technolotv 1012 NP-TZM-92
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
SP-100 Advanced Radiator Concept
_ n_md_
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
NP-TIM-92
i. 877.72 : ii13.081|---_ - 22G HEAT PIPES 0N 3,61 CENTERS 861.0G 9.141}
",-_ 7,oo ,,.E. ,..,( t
1013
"_ HIGH CAPACITY POWER
AR__-RQCKWELLCONCEPT
CONTINUOUS PIPE PREFORM WEAVING k_
BATCH NESTING
PARTIAL VIEW
FINAL MACHINING
CARBON.CARBON DEHSWICATION CLEANUP AND TRIM / / / /
PROCESSING ID SURFACE COATING ._ _ / /
MULTIPLE CAVITY PLATEN MOLDING
kJJ_ q
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
Criteria for Selection of Braze Alloys
• Brazing temperature (generally 22-28K above TL)
must be above maximum operating temperature
(875K) of heat pipe to ensure in-sen/ice life
• Braze alloy compatibility with carbon-carbon
substrate & thin-,metallic liner
• Good wettability of carbon-carbon & metallic liner
• Longevity & stability
_ Aeelmd blsmlm.d
II=me_maml,_em
NEP: Technology 1014 NP-T'I_2
7 Commercial Braze Alloys Evaluated
Alloy
Copper ABA
Silver ABA
Palcusi115
Gapasil 9
Ticusil 70
Cusil ABA
Cusil
Composition
(wt %)
92.7 Cu/3 Sil2 AI/2.25 Tt
Bal Agl5 Cull .25 Ti/1AI
65 Agl20 Cu115 Pd
82 Ag/9 Pdl2 Ga
68.8 Ag/26,7 Cu/4.5 TI
65 Ag/30 Cu/2 Ti
70 Ag128 Cu
Foil
Thickness
(in.)
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
Tliqulds
(°K)
1297
1185
1173
1153
1123
1078
1053
Tbraze
(°K)
i
1311
1200
1186
1178
1144
1100
1075
g1(:-9-4S1
M,I7
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
7 Commercial Braze Alloys Evaluated
With CP-Ti
Alloy
Copper ABA
Palcusil 15
Silver ABA
Gapasil 9
Cusil ABA
Cusil
Ticusil 70
Success
X
X
X
Failure
X
X
X
X
General Observations
Braze alloy dissolved CP-TI sheet
Limited wettability of C-C
Good wetting of both C-C & CP-Ti
Limited bonding to C-C
Good adhesion to both C-C & CP-Ti
Good intimate contact between surfaces
Good bonding but 1i interface eroded
NP-TIM-92 1015 NEP: Technology
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
Braze Alloy Used With Nb-1% Zr
(Nb-1% Zr sheet thickness = 0.001 in.)
Braze Alloy
Silver ABA
Cusll ABA
Success
X
X
Failure Observations
Good wetting & adhesion
Good wetting & adhesion
|1=41-4_
Malt
Illustration of Braze Test Fixture
Molybdenum Wlre
Platen
Stainless
Steel
Sheet
•Fiberfrax
Thin-Metallic Liner
Braze Alloy Foil
Carbon'Carbon Substrate
.Fibe_'ax
Platen
NEP: Technology 1016
9tc-9-452
ko_l
NP-TIM-92
LIQUID POTASSIUM MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY TEST SPECIMEN
Nb-l%Zr
Foil
O.OOgZ"
Bottom
Titanium
1 Tilantum
Extension Tube
UI II I
. Welds
IIIGH CAPACITY POWER
ROCKWELL ADVANCED RADIATOR CONCEPTS
FY 1992 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
SUCCESSFULLYDEMONSTRATEDTHEABILITYTO FABRICATEA
METALLINEDC-CHEATPIPEWITHINTEGRALFINS
, CARBON-CARBONTUBEFABRICATION
. COMPLETEOFABRICATIONOF EIGHTFEETOF T-300C-C
TUBEWITH INTEGRALWOVENFINS
• INITIATEDWEAVINGOFC C PREFORMUSINGONLYHIGH
THERMALCONDUCTIVITYP95-WGFIBERSANDALLPITCH
DENSIFICATION
NP-T[M-92 1017 NEP: Technology
HIGIt CAPACITY POWER
ROCKWELLADVANCED RADIATOR CONCEPTS
FY 1992 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
• UNERFABRICATION
. COMPLETEDFABRICATIONOF Nb-1%ZrLINERTUBESWITHINTEGRAL
EVAPORATORSECTIONVIAUNISKAN(PNL)METHOD
• COMPLETEDFABRICATIONOF ALTERNATELINERS(Nb-1%ZrANDTi)
BYDEEP-DRAW/CHEMICALETCHINGTECHNIQUE
. HEATPiPEFABRICATION
• SUCCESSFULLYWELDEDNb-l%ZrENDCAPSWITHFILLTUBESTO
EVAPORATOR(-20 mil)ANDCONDENSER(~3mit)
• SUCCESSFULLYFABRICATEDPERFORATEDFOILWICKMATERIALAND
ESTABLISHEDWELDPARAMETERS
•SUCCESSFULLYDEMONSTRATEDBRAZINGOFATHINMETALLINER
INTOA FINNEDC-CTUBE
• JUW a_' '..o
NEll: Technology
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
ROCKWELLADVANCED RADIATOR CONCEPTS
FY 1992 ACCOMPLISHMENTS
• HEATPIPEFABRICATION(Continued)
• SUCCESSFULLYDEMONSTRATEDTHEABILITYTO UNIFORMLYCVD
COATTHEINSIDEOF A12INCHTUBE
, SUCCESSFULLYDEMONSTRATEDTHEABILITYTO COTANDMACHINE
THETUBECUSPAREACREATINGA SMOOTHTUBEINTERIOR
.SUCCESSFULLYDEMONSTRATEDTHEBRAZINGOFATHINMETALLINER
INTOA C-CTUBE
• GENERAL
• COMPLETEDCOUPONANDTUBETHERMALCONDUCTIVITYTESTS
• COMPLETED30,60,AND180DAYTHERMALDIFFUSIONTESTS- Nb-l%Zr
SAMPLESSHOWNOCARBONOR BRAZEDIFFUSION,Ti SAMPLESSHOW
BRAZEDIFFUSIONINTOLINER
• UPDATEDSP-100HEATREJECTIONDESIGNINCORPORATINGC-C
HEATPIPECONCEPT
1018 NT-TIM-92
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
ROCKWELLFY 9:3TASKS
• FABRICATEMETALUNEDC-CHEATPIPE_ INTEGRALFINSFOR
SP-100(820I0 RADIATOR
- INSTALLANNULARFOILWICK
- PERFORMPOTASSIUMFILL-PURGEOPERATION
• PERFORMHEATPIPETESTINGATSIMULATEDSP-100HEAT
REJECtiONCONDITIONS
kJ_FJ_.¢_2t_
HIGH CAPACrlT POWER
LeRC (_-CAND COMPOSITE MATERIALS
PROGRAM FOR,$PA(_ERADIATORS
IN-HOUSE
CONTRACTS-
SPI-SANJOSE,CA -
RI - CANOGAPARK,CA -
PNL- (PACIFICNORTHWEST-
LABS)- RICHLAND,WA
Gr/CUCOMPOSITESFORHEATPIPERNS
(Gr/AICOMPOSITESBEINGDEVELOPEDUNDERWRDC
CONTRACTS)
ARCTEXTURINGFOREMISSIVITYENHANCEMENT
ARC(ADVANCEDRADIATORCONCEPTS)
VGCF(VAPORGROWNCARBONRBER)MATERIALFOR
VERYHIGHSPECIFICCONDUCTIVITYHEATPIPEFINS
C-CTUBEWITHINTEGRALWOVENFINSANDINTERNAL
METALUCLINERSFORPOTASSIUMHEATPIPES
LIGHTWEIGHTFLEXIBLECERAMICFIBERHEATPIPES
WITHMETALFOILLINERS
NP-'TIM-92 1019 NEP: Tecimology
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
ADVANCED RADIATOR.SURFACES
OBJECTIVE; DEVELOPDUFIABLE,HIGHTEMPERATURE,
HIGHEMI1TANCERADIATORSURFACES
OEMOElU_IUNICIE_,.es@,T_0K
FORTYPICALRADIATORMATERIALS
PREL.UlNARYDATAONATOMICOXYGEN
_ mmmLw'v
see lice a|ee jeee _ _
_w_'e'ws B qrJ
HIGH CAPACHT POWER
EMITTANCE VS TEMP. FOR ROCKETDYNE
C741C C-C COMPOSITE WITH A/O FLUENCE
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
I_ 0.60
0.50
0.40
0.20
0
t_ 0.10
0.00
300
..,,.
,I
J
• '|,,,,]r'z_ ....... ! ........
1200 2100 3000
ATOMIO oxyi
iq.lnmooj
ATOilll/OII l
0
.... 2.34E20
----- 4.90E20
NEP: Technology
TEMPERATURE (K)
1020 NP-TIM-92
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
. RADIATORDESIGN& INTEGRATION
90O
8OO
_" 700'
O_
G)
Q.
E
0) 500
I--
400 _-
30O
0
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
100 kWe CBC Radiator
g
Tit - 1140 K; Pr = 2.7; ERG = 0; A = 130 m
Tit/Cit = 2.6; Eft = 1 8.%; M = 3100 Kg
Fluid Temperature
, I , I i 1 , I ,
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
X/XTOT
NP-TIM-92 1021 NEP: Technolosy
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
5OO
450
e_
t..
 ,oo
_D
n
E
(D
I--
35O
3OO
100 kWe CBC Radiator
Tit = 1140 K; Pr = 1.85; ERG = 95%; A = 184 m"
T'd/Cit = 3.26; Eft = 37.5 %; M = 3600 Kg
..... C_..
................... /-/z 0 //e,_/_to_5 ...............
, I , I , I , I j
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
X/XTOT
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
EFFECTOF REDUCTIONIN RAD. AREAON STIRLING& DRAYTONTEMP.RATIOS
(ConstantHeatRejection,1"hot= 1050K,SinkTemp.= 250K)
3.6"
3.4.
3.2:
3.6'
Temperature 2.e.
Ratio, 2.6
Thot, Tcoid
Brl_\
4
2.4
2.2
2.0.
1.8.
1.6'
0,2
_7
7
J
if
0.3 0.4 0.5 0,6 0.7 0.8 0,9 1_
NEP: Technology
Fracl_n of Reterence Radiator Area
1022
NP-TIM-92
HIGH CAPACITT POWER
EFFECT OF REDUCTION IN RAD. AREA ON STIRLING AND BRAYTON POWER
(ConstantHeat Rejection,"l'hot= 1050 K, SinkTemp = 250 K)
1.0'
0.9
0.8
POWERSEF.POWE]I O3
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.2
/
f
0.3 0.4 05 06 0.7 08 09 10
Fraction of Reference Radiator Area
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
ARC TECHNOLOGY POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
• NUCLEAR POWERED LUNAR BASE
SP-100 OR DERIVATIVE
MW TO MULTI MW POWER OUTPUT
• SOLAR DYNAMIC POWER SYSTEM FOR LUNAR BASE
IN SITU (REGOLITH) THERMAL STORAGE
25 TO lOG kWe POWER PLANT
, GEO BASED COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE
SD PCS - 3 TO 5 kWe
• NUCLEAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION
10 MWe CLASS PCS: TI, LMR, TE OR CBC
p,J,J,m _o4 I'Z
NP-TIM.92 1023 NEP: Technology
Lunar Surface Sink Temperature
lOd-23-145
I_._.._. POWER TECHNOLOGY D/WS/ON
NEP POWER SYSTEM HEAT REJECTION
TEMPERATURERANGESOFINTEREST
POWERSYSTEM
CANDIDATES
INCORETHERHIONIC - TI
LMRANKINE - LMR
THERMOELECTRIC- SP100- TE
CLOSEDCYCLEBRAYTON - CBC
STIRLINGFPSE - ST
PEAKCYCLE
TEMP(K)
2200
1450
1300
1500
1300
1050
90O
HEATREJECTION
TEMP(K)
1000
950
85O
320.800
550- 600
45O
40O
NEP: Technology 1024
JlCqO _17 "z
NP-TIM-92
Z "lr'J
Miio_acIr iit-mwt_lr milcfoa41qL r
POWER TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
NEP POWERSYSTEM RADIATORTECHNOLOGIES
POWER SYSTEMS (10 MWe) RADIATORPARAMETERS
_ • P F'-?/? )
HEATREJECTED TEMP AREA
MWt K m2 TECHliOLOGY kghnz
THERMIONIC 111=.15 57.0 1000 1600 88/Ne lip 10
UOUIDMETALRANKN_IE'ql= .18 45.5 950 1230 SSIHaHP 10
THERMOELECTRIC Xlt: ,05 190.0 850 7600 Ti/KHP 5
CLOSEDBRAYTON 11I: "20 23.3 400. 800 4800 TI/KHP 4C-C/KliP
C-C/H,_ HP
STIRUNG. FPSE 11t=.33"30 23.0 600 35O0 _ IceoIIS_:_g_HPp 10: 20,0 450 11200 2
Lr_K LOOP 5
kg_Wt
0.2
O.3
0.2
0.6
O.9
Jl'C<m0o74
Z 'I'J PowERTECHNOLOGY=vision
MlOSPaCIf NCe_OI,JKf D,tH'C_II _ bMmct ¢._eB
NEP,POWERSYSTEM RADIATORTECHNOLOGIES THRUSTS
POWERSYSTEMS(10MWe) RADIATORTECHNOLOGIES
HEATREJECTED TEMP
MWI K NEARTERM MIDTERM FARTERM
THERMIONIC xlt = .lS 57.0 1000 SS/NaHP CC/NaliP *
q! = .20 40.0 1050 10 kg/m2 5 kg/m2
LIOUIDMETALRANKINE TIt =.18 45.5 950 10 kg/m2 5.0kg/m2
SS,'Halip C-C_a 1tl3
THERMOELECTRIC 71t : .0S 190.0 850 9 kg/m2 5.0kg/m2NbZrlK HP "rI-stC/KHP
CLOSEDBRAYTOli 111= .30 23.3 800-400 10 - 15 k0hn2 MixedHP
MPLoop 11,C-C
MixedHP 5 kOhn2
STIRLING- FI_E XlI : .33 20.0 500-450 10kg/m2 LI-NaKLoop
MPLoop 5 kg/m2
HOHP
• ALLC-CHEATPIPESHAVEINTERNALCOATINGCOMPATIBLEWITHWORKINGFLUID
LSR, _ lip
2 k0h_2
2kglm2
LSR.Electroslallc
3 kg/m2
C-CHP
3 kg_n2
FiberFalb,rlc4429
1.2k,0/m2
JECgO_O_7
NP-TIM-92 1025 NED: Technology
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
THERMAL MANAGEMENT
BASELINEBUDGET
Advanced Feasibility Oemonslralions
Radialor _ASe WCOm_Jcqrs
Concepts __ContraclOmsPi,RI _ '_
(compomls) (Sub_/¢_}/ /
HIGH CONDUCTIVITY COMPOSITE FIN DEVELOPMENT_
LenC,A_ sac
I 89 I,o I, ,' ,I ,, I - 1,, I" I, ,, I ,, I
Fkjure9 _o_o,4
HIGH CAPACITY POWER
CONCLUDINGREMARKS
• PROGRAMONTIMEANDWITHINBUDGET
• PROGRAMBROADLYCOORDINATEDWITHOTHERPROGP_MSTHROUGHOUT
THETHERMALMANAGEMENTCOMMUNITY
• CSTI/HCPTMPROGRAM-----SP-IO0TM PROGRAM
• TECHNOLOGYBEINGOEVELOPEDHASBROAOAPPLICATION
SP-IO0
SOLARDYNAMIC
LUNAR/MARSINITIATIVE
JkISIR II 0"3I_
NEP: Technology 1026
NP-TIM-92


Radiator technology

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