Bellman, Donald R

English

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=i!!!!ACR No. E ““
NATIONAL ADVISORY
“5kl~ll Iw”
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COMMITTEE KM AERONAUTICS
l\vlI1’rIBIul
ORIGINALLY
July 1944
Advance Confidential
ISSUED
as
Report E4G08
THE KNOCK-LIMTED PERFOR~NCE OF SEVEML MISCELLANEOUS
FUELS BLENDED WITH A BASE FUEL
By Donald R. Bellman
Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory
Cleveland, Ohio
.
.
,-.
.,. :
ACA .,,”
N A C A LIBRARY
—.. LANGLEY MEMORIAL AERONAUTICAL
WASHINGTON
LABORATORY
I.anrley Fidd, Va.
NACA WARTIME REPORTS are reprints of papers originally issued to provide rapid distribution of
advance research results to an authorized group requiring them for the war effort. Th=y were pre-
viously held under a security status but are now unclassified. Some of these reports were not tech-
nically edited. All have been reproduced without change in order to expedite general distribution.
E-213
. ..— —
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930093508 2020-06-16T23:06:34+00:00Z
I 31176013641777 ‘
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HAoA “Am lb. k4d08
. .
..e . . . . ‘. ‘ ““ lwm?AL “ADVISORY oamImEEmm-Ios.
AIYVM’CECOHF=IKL RIWIRT
THE KNOCK-LIMITED PlmoRmNcE OF SEVRRALMIsomulilmm
By DonaldR. Bellman
,.
. sum4ARY
.
Investigationsvere ootiuoted to determine the lmook-limited
performanoe of blends of 90 percent by volume AN-F-28, Amedment-2,
fuel ~ 10 peroent by volume of eaoh of the following fuels:
tert-a@ &dcOhOl, 2,6-dimethyl-Z,4-dlamne, methyl tert-butyl
==, methyl tert-butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ket~ mesltyl
oxide, amtone~- diisopropyl ketone. The investIgations were
ooduoted in a superohar~d CFR engine with an inlet-air tempera-
ture of 250° R’,an engine speed of 25Q0 rpm, a compression ratio
of 7.0, d a spark advance,of 300 B.T.C.
The data indloated that only the addition of methyl tert-butyl
“ether w methyl tert-butyl ketone to AN-F-28 fuel resulte???n a
signifioant Inor= in-the”bock-limited power. Methyl tert-butyl
ether gave a greater Inorease than did methyl tert-butyl =JM.
INTFmuc!rzom
The tests pesented in this report, whioh are of a preliminary
nature, were run on several explmatmy fuels, many of whloh were
available only in small quahtitles. l?h6fuel blefi ocmtainlng
methyl tert-butyl ketone was prepmed by the Fuel Synthesie Seotion
of this~oratory; the restwere mmercially obtained.. several
of these fuele have been teeted.by other laboratories. (See refer-
enoe 1, pp. 239, 240, ~ 265.)
Eaoh fuel was teeted ae
AN-F-28, Amemlment-2, fuel.
bled was then ocxupsredwith
AN-F-28 fuel. Data oovering
were obtained on less than a
a 10 peroent by volume blend with
The knook-limited perfomano e of the
the lmmk-lbited perfcmumoe of “
the entire rangeof fuel-air ratios
quert of exploratory fuel.
II mlmmll Imm II 1111
2 l#K!AAcR HdJ B4GOe
This Investigationwas mxducted at the Aircraft Engine Reeearoh
Laboratory of the National Advisory Cmmittee for Aeronauttos during~
the latter part of 1943.
APPARATUS
All tests were run on a
AND T~ l?ROCEDURl?
high-speed supercharged CFR englns
equipped with an alumlnum piston & a cyllnder with four epsrk-plug
holes. ~ck was detected by a cathode-ray oscilloscope that wag
connected to a magnetostriction pickup unit. Two spark PIMS were
simultaneously operated fmm separate spark 0011s.
The followlng explcmatory fuels were tested: tert-amyl alcohol,
2,6-dlmethyl-1,4-dioxane,methyl tert-butyl ether, =~1 tert-butyl
ketone, methyl Isobutyl ketone, m~yl oxide, aoetone, ~=leoPo-
pyl ketone. ,
All data taken were lnmok-ll~ted and eaoh test was ca@ed very
close to the combustion Mmlt In both the lean and the rich regions.
The folluwlng engine oondltlone were ma4tained constant:
Eugineepeed,r am. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...2500 ~
Inlet-air temperature,%?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 250
Outlet-coolant temperature, OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Olltmperature, ~..... . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . ..1S0.
Cmpreselon ratio.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...7.0.
Spark advanoe, deg B.T.C.. ..t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Tests were run on blefis of 10 percent exploratory fuel end
90 percent AN-F-28 fuel by volume. Each of the tests of AN-F-28
fuel was made on the same @ as the erplcmatory blend with whloh
It was ccmpared.
RESULTS MD DISCUSSIOIV
The knock-llmited Ifiicated mean effective pressure ad the idi-
catsd speclflo fuel consumption of aach of the fuel blends @ their
respective reference fuel (AN-F-28) are plotted against the fuel-alr
ratio in figure 1. In the comparisons of the book-limltad performame
of the various blends with that of JIWF-28 fuel, it should be remem-
bered that the tetraethyl-lead ooncentratione am lower in the blends
than In the m=lglnal fuel.
,.
. .
HACAACR
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Ho. E4G06 3.
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fuelsInflames l(a) aml l(b)were testedontbree dlffer-
errtdaya,aIilAl?-F-28refer8nie fuel-wia tested on eaoh of these
.. , : *S. The @ree refmenoe ourves were so Mmllar tliatonly ma
mmve uti drawn $@ough the three eets of.pointq. !!Me ombined
omve is teed “ohboth flguream The fuels la figqre l(o)were not
testeduntil abouta momthlaterad, in the neantlme,uthertetia
were run on the mgine; ooneequently,the referenoe wrve for thla
figure Is differentf!ranthe one on figuresl(a) ad l(b).
The power outputs obtainedwith the mrlouo blemla dml the
power output obtained fraa AN-F-28 fuel alone are ocmpared in
table I. The blda oon~ methyl tert-butyl ether - methyl
tert-butyl ketcme gave average inoreaee=ti knook-llmlted power
= AH-F-28 fuel of about 20 peroent d 7 peroent, reapmtively.
Methyl isobutyl ketone Inoreaaed the knook-limlted power In the
lean region ad deoreased it In the rioh region. tert-Amyl aloohol, “
memityl oxide, awl 2,6-dlmethyl-1,4-di~ oaueed~tioreaae In
the book-11.mlted power, whereas aoetone d dlisopopyl ketone
oaueed little ohange.
No slgnlfioantdiffemnoe was apperent between the rioh-mtrture
Imlioated epeolflo fuel oonamption of my of the fuel blemls cud
that of pwe AH-P-28 fuel. Inoreasee In the Imlioated apeolfio
fwl oonaumptionwere obselmd in the v- lean region for most
of the blerda.
CONCLUSIONS
The follmx oomlwbne oan be &em fbcmte6taof fuel
blenla Imestlgated:
1. The addition of methyl tez%butyl ether or methyl tert-
butyl ketone to AN-F-28 fuel ~~~ the knook-llm.lted~= “
at fuel-alr ratioabetween0.04 -0.13. Thla Inoreaae in power
lo greater for the addltlon of methyl tert-butyl ether than for
the addition of methyl tert-butyl ketm~
2. Hone of the fuels tested oaumd any slgnlfioant as
in the Ixlieated opeoifio fuel ‘oonmmptim in the rioh region. .
-S w=e ob~~ - m -Ioatti epeoifiofuel oonmuption
in the leanregiotnin acme 00000.
Airoraft lEogineReeeeroh Laboratory,
liationalMTlecmy Camlttee fom Aeronautloa,
cleve~ , Ohio”.
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TARLEI. -THE RELATrw PowkoumursommED wrrEsEv3mAL
mmmATaRY-m PIJmE “As COMPARED UI’m -
AN-F-28 PTIEL
[CFR engine; oanpression ratio, 7.0; inlet-alr
temperature, 250° F; outlet-coolant
temperature, 250° F; epark advanoe
30° B.T.C.; engine speed, 250 rpm j
Fuela I Relative rower ratio
(90 percent AN-F-28 fuel P (explorat&?y-fuelbleti}
plus 10 percent of the ‘imep( AN-F-28 fuel)
folJ.owingcomponents:) Fuel-air ratio
0.062 0.07 0.09 0.11
AN-F-28 fuel 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
tert-luuylalcohol .99 .92 ,95 .95
~dtiethyl-1 ,4-dloxane .94 .84 ,86 l 91
Methyl tert-butyl ether 1.25 1.26 1.14 1.20
Methyl ~-butyl ketone 1.I.5 1.08 1.02 1.05
Methyl ~utyl ketone 1.10 1.02 .95 ,97
MeBityl oxide .96 .87 .82 .90
Acetone 1.04 .95 1.00 1.02
Dilsopropyl ketone 1.02 .89 .97 1.01
%e TEL oontent of AH-F-28 fuel wae 4.55 ml/@l. The TEL oontent
of the blends wae 4.09 ml/gal.
National Advisory Ccamittee
for Aeronautloa
.MAT IOUAL ADVISORY
CM41 TTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
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140
120
.04 .05 ,06 .07 .08 ,09 .10 .11 .111 .13
fioi-airPatio
(a) ~bmto~ fielo: tert-emyl aloohol ard 2, 6-Mmt&l-1$4-Moxam.
-1. - lhook-lbited~=fomanoe of blerdm of 90 poroent M-F-28 fuel aul
10 roent explomtov *1. CPR engine; ~osion *tie, 7.0; outlet-ooolantteapomtuxw,
d%, tit-air tampemtuxw, 2S@ F; W, admnm, S@ B.,.,.; on@ne qmed, 2!500~.
NACA ACR HO. E4G08 Fig. lb
240
220
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: / NATIONAL ADVISORY
u 160 /4 / COW41 TTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
140
120
.04 .05 .06 .0? .08 .09 .10 .11 .12 .13
Flml-alr ratio
.—.
(b) Ezploratoryf’uels: utyl ether, methyl yl ketone, methyl Iaobutyl htow’
mnd mesityl oxide.
-1. - Continued. Knock-limite&nerfomunce of bleds of 90 peroent M-F-28 fuel @
10 geroent explo=tory fuel. CFR engine; oompreeeionratio, 7.0; outlet-ooolamttemperature,
250 F; Inlet-ir tempmuture, 2500 F; spark advance, 30° B.T.C.; engine sped, 2500 rp.
I
WACA ACR HO. E4G08 Fig.
. I I I I I T
liATIWAL ADVISORY P
COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
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(c) Explol’ateryfmb: aoetornM &ii90propTlketone.
- 1. - Conoluded. ?ibook-limitedPOl?fO~ Of blends of 90 proent AH-F-28 fhel and
10 peroent explont0z7 fuel. Cm ensim; oomwsmlon =tio~ 7.0; outlet-oce~ teapomttu
25& F; inlet-airtemperature,25@ F; sprk adwanoe, @ B.T.C l; engine sped, 2500 rp.
m,
3 1176013541777
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The knock-limited performance of several miscellaneous fuels blended with a base fuel I

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