Binnie, J.

Fowler, D.

Leith, I. D.

Munro, R. C.

Pitcairn, C. E. R.

Rossall, M. J.

Sheppard, L. J.

Sutton, M. A.

English

NERC Open Research Archive

   Chapter (non-refereed)    Pitcairn, C. E. R.; Leith, I. D.; Sutton, M. A.; Fowler, D.; Binnie, J.; Munro, R. C.; Sheppard, L. J.; Rossall, M. J.. 1996 Effects of ammonia on forest ground flora in the vicinity of a poultry farm. In: Sutton, M. A.; Lee, D. S.; Dollard, G. J.; Fowler, D., (eds.) Atmospheric ammonia: emission, deposition and environmental impacts. Edinburgh, ITE, 128.    Copyright © 1996 NERC  This version available at http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/4944/   NERC has developed NORA to enable users to access research outputs wholly or partially funded by NERC. Copyright and other rights for material on this site are retained by the authors and/or other rights owners. Users should read the terms and conditions of use of this material at http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/policies.html#access    This document is extracted from the publisher’s version of the volume. If you wish to cite this item please use the reference above or cite the NORA entry                          Contact CEH NORA team at  nora@ceh.ac.uk IIItIIIIIITTNITROGEN DEPOSMON. EFFECT ON NI-ITRIENTMBAI-ANCES AND WATER RELATIONS OFFOREST TREESW. FLUCKICER md S. BRALn\Ihstnut. of Applied Plmt Biology, CH 4124 Schdndbuch,SwiuenmdBulk depositio. nd inrcnghf3ll meauements acrcss Swndhndrvealed !ha1N dcposinon excad c.itical load valu.s of Lne UN-ECE (199?) guidelin$ for forcsts in nost forest &eas erc€p1inaltituds >1500 n al. Ii psnmedr obsNatioi plors - 64 sirs allov{ switzdland lm nilrogen slppb of b@n md Nooay spruei..rcsed signiflcandy i. the pasr rcn y{( whoEd phosph@s(bemh md spruce), pot.sium Gpluce) sd nasnsiun (b€@b)decrsed. Abour all, the nti6 of nuEients chadged, he.ceincrcsing nutieDt inbalances. Field datr sugg.sl6 wc tnatthere is a corclation bctwcen nitoge. deposition and incrcasedIr an expdincntal study ir could be show. that applcanonsol 25-50 kg N ha ' }I ' d€cssed P, K dd Mg supply and enidc€Nf, N/K dd N/Me ntios sigDificandy ii potol bc@h and spdceafier 2 dd 5 yeds iesp@lively. Attcr 8 ycus, 100 kg N ha'' tt'caused slight sympiom ed 20&400 kg N hr' 'r' acuie dMa8csdue to nuFient disturb&c* about ail in sptuce. N'applications ol25  k  N hd ' r r ' rndeJrd  the .hoor roor r  o  r rd  lea l  b romassignificddy, loding !o inoeased wlt ! sa$s susceptibility as it{as obswed io a dought expdimcnt.EFFECTS OF AMMONIA ON FOREST GROUNDFLORA IN THE VICINITY OF A POIJ.LTRY FARMLC,E.R. PITCAIRN, \.D. LETTH, IIVI.A. SUTTON,' D,FOWLER, 'J, BINNIE, 'R.C. MUNRO,'L.J. SHEPPARDAND'M.R. ROSSALL'Institute of Tercstrial Ecologf, Blsh Eshte. PenicuikMidlothie EI{26 oQB, UK'lnsritute of TeresFial E olocy, Mdlewood,Gr.nge ove.Sands, Cunbria, UKAtnosphqic amo.i! is recoghised s an lnporhnt atmosphmcpolutant rhat my €suh in bolh &idiflcalioh od eutrophicalion ofecosysrm. Chdg.s in spcci.s composilion asociat€d withinwastd N deposition, a.d paniculdly widl NHr dissiods iioninte.sive deicultule, have trcuded over nuch of Europ€.Ag culbral sou.cos of Nn such a intedsive adinal unih df.mydd nmurc slorcs de situat€d in lhe munt yside frequendyin close prcximity to w@dlands and heahlands. Sone of rhesehabirars will be of consedation iorercsr and prot ctcd N Sitcs ofSpecial Sciendfic Intdet o. even Nalional Nature R$eNes. A.ludy h$ ben rude ol rhe obpenon Jnd .tfecb of,mmonrtfrom a poullry fm ii sourhero ScollMd suftounded by faifiyopcn fdr{icb conitercus woodlmd. The fm conllins 1m,000broilers and is snuat€d in m dea of low density oixodlgicultural, with a backgrcund monia coiceiEation ot I ppb.Anfronir concenEarions w€E ldge clos. !o ln. poulry hoNes(long tem m{n of 13 ppb md 3 weeUy mges of up to 35 ppb atlhc {tossvind snc. 16 m nonn of [E pouttry unit wdl, at thewood boundlry) and declined exponentially, Erchins half thewood edge valuc ar 20 m into the foter and lpprorcningbrckgound upwind values al 300 n in the forst.Species cmposition of t\e foresl Cound iloo {as advosly.ff€cl€d sithio 50 n of the enission source with a 20% d4line in,ps i . *  nudbs  rnd  rn  inc reJ . . ' r ,pec ie , .L .h  J . . , ram. , , . ionanEulrfotiun DachMpsia latuola ^nd Holcus tavn5.Nitogen conrent in foliage of plcur@.rpous moss speci.s was veryldge (3Eo) close lo lho unit declining to the upwind concenhationdl about 300 m from tbe poulny uni!. Using rhe elationsbippreviously d$c.ibed between bryophyte dssue and imosphericnirogen deposidon (PiDaim er al., 1995). niirosen deposilioo rothe woodland surcunding rhe u.it was €stimated 10 be in *le..gion of 100 kg N ha:r )a', not too disinild frcn the valueestimat€d from wet deposnion of N}i.' + NOr' and dry depositionof NHr md Nq of ?8 ks N h3:1 y1 bsed on air oncentration dddeposition vel€iiies. Nitrogen deposidon Al this site is vcry ldgeand cxceds lecome.ded ditical lolds fd &idic mnifcrcusfor.s i.e. 15-20 kg N h,:' tr' b prclet gDud flda ahd is also nexcss of that (11 >50 kg N ha'' rr'!) prcposed to prctcc! Fe.hcrlh (Hohug ct al., 1995). C.irical ldcls of mo.ia proposqlat Eghan ( I 1.6 ppb annoal neani Ashnde & Wilson, 1994) drako cxcecdcd at the w6dl&d edgc md it is probable drat rh.d.mse obsery€d o. sptuce and pine (needle yelowins ard needl.los) dt tle poulnr fm nay be due both io high mncennationeoI JmonrJ lnd N d.po.,rion. Allloueh chrnge, rn .psi*conposition vere conlin.d hgely 10 tne i@odiate 50 m, folidniEosen con6nt w6 all4tcd fd a distance of 300 m , Vdiatioitin soil tlTc and light intensity nay play a rol€ in the chsgcsobseFed. CrpffcnB ro tunlln inve'dgaF |nse .(f..15I inprcgrc$ tog.thd wilh studi$ entr€d eound otbd dimal unrts.Asbndq M.A. & wilson, R.B. (1994). c.itical r'eb of Ai!Pollutants for Eurcpo. Departrent of dre Envircnment,Hmmg. M., sutton, M.A. & wilsn, R.B. (1995). Nlapping aodModelingofCriticalt t6 fft Nitogen: a workrhp Rcpod.P!@ddings of the crdge-Old Smds workshop, Ocbbd,1994.Pitcaift. C.E.R., Fowl€r. D. & ctrace, J. (1995). Deposition offiied annosph.ac nitrogen md folir nitos€n co.tent ofbryopntEs u\d Callum vulsart I.L.) Htll. Ertiroa. PoUut.88, 193-205EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM SULPHATEDEPOSMON ON A LOWLAND DRY HEATHS.A. ?OWER, D.A. COUSINS. N. AINSWORTHand M.R. ASHMOREImprial Collese of science Tcchnolocy & Medicin€, Sjle@dPr*, Ascol, Serkhirc Su ?PY, UKClilical loads of nitrogen de cuftntly b$.d on computer modelswhich prcdicr dror long-term niLog!! d.posilion will lead toincr€ase! ti$ue nitogcn l€vcls; these wil be accmpan'ed byincrea*d sensitivity to secondary str€sss which nay in tu. leadto clnopy beakdown ud rcpleemenr by acid ga$la.dcomunitis. Ho{e!er, tbtre is a ]ack of enpi.ical daa llmlong-t@ dpdinerts at d€position nts clos. to tle proposedcritical load of 15-22 tg N h.:'tr'to valid.tc model-bNolsince 1989, 6e effs$ of addins 7.5 ks N ba' rt' or 15.4 khr ' }f', in t]lc fom of mmoniun sulphate, to a lowlud d.y h*thhavc b€e! i.vestigared to Thursley Comon, a Narional Natur.Resewe, located abo .15kin Sw of London. The backg.ounddeposition al this site is apprcximatcly 15 tg ha ' yr'. close to theOver Ure pasl fivc y@s, lhorc hrve b€en Idge tud sigtrificmtincrcscs in shoot Crcslh. flowqing, canopy dcnsny rnd lntcrploduclion of heal]l* in rcsponse ro tho nitrogcn addnions.gowever, only small, noraienificant incrcls* in shool nitrogenconrent havc ben obseryed, *idr no clcu evidence of alercdsensniviry b biolic or abiolic srcsses Nevcfthcless, sonc of thelesponses obscfl.d suggesl lhe polential for increases in lrcatlrcrbeetle anlck, late sping frost ddtu.ge, and posibly plant warersrss. Ihus tbe expdimcntal rcsufts d this stago offe. soncempiric.l suppon for tbe prcposd crirical load value.ITITITTTtt28

Effects of ammonia on forest ground flora in the vicinity of a poultry farm

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Effects of ammonia on forest ground flora in the vicinity of a poultry farm

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