Coilia dussumieri (Cuv & Val) forms an important component

of dol net fishery. Maharashtra and Gujarat contribute 10022 t

and 14745 t respectively, while West Bengal and Orissa land 4000t

and 586 t respectively. The species is a pelagic zooplanktonjeeder,

feeding mainly on copepods, ostracods. sergestes and young ones

offish. It spawns once in life during April-June. Size at first maturity

has been estimated as 162 mm for females and 160 mm for

males. The growtli parameters estimated are Loo = 230 mm and K =

1.35. The total mortality coefficient (Z) is 5.468 and MSY 16395 t,

whereas the average yield is 8509 t indicating that the fishing is

below optimum level and it can sustain increased effort up to 126%

Khan, Mohammad Zafar

CMFRI Digital Repository

Marine Research and Management Editors V.N. Pillai and N.G. Menon Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Tatapuram P.O., Cochin-682 014 Kerala, India 2000 Marine Fisheries Research and Management 21 Fishery, biology and resource characteristics of golden anchovy, Coilia dussumieri (Cuv 8l Val) Mohammad Zafar Khan ABSTRACT Coilia dussumieri (Cuv & Val) forms an important component of dol net fishery. Maharashtra and Gujarat contribute 10022 t and 14745 t respectively, while West Bengal and Orissa land 4000t and 586 t respectively. The species is a pelagic zooplanktonjeeder, feeding mainly on copepods, ostracods. sergestes and young ones offish. It spawns once in life during April-June. Size at first matu-rity has been estimated as 162 mm for females and 160 mm for males. The growtli parameters estimated are Loo = 230 mm and K = 1.35. The total mortality coefficient (Z) is 5.468 and MSY 16395 t, whereas the average yield is 8509 t indicating that the fishing is below optimum level and it can sustain increased effort up to 126%. Introduction Coilia dussumieri (Cuv & Val) is an impor tan t bycatch of dol net . The gear is operated in the areas of s t rong tidal cu r ren t up to the depth of 45m (Setna, 1949 and Gokhale, 1957). Of late it is being landed in equal quan-tity by t rawlers In Maharash t ra . The species forms an impor tan t fishery in Maha rash t r a and Gujarat . It is also landed in West Bengal and Orissa along with another species C. ramcarti. A number of workers have contr ibuted to t h e knowledge of i ts biology, n o t a b l e a m o n g t h e m a r e P a l e k a r and Karandikar (1953), Bal and J o s h i (1956), Gadgil (1965), and Fernandez and Devaraj (1996). Fishery, bloloiiy and resource characteristics of golden anchovy, Coilia dussumieri (Cuv Si, Val) Materials and methods The catch and effort data collected by the Fishery Resources Assess-ment Division of CM.F.R.I, were utilized for the present s tudy. In addition to length data from dol net off Bombay, biological informations viz. food and feeding habi ts , maturat ion and spawning etc. were also collected. Growth parameters like Looand K were estimated using ELEFAN 1 programme (Gayanilo et al. 1988). Mortality est imates were made following Pauly's (1982) length converted catch curve. MSY estimate was made using relative yield per re-cruit programme of ELEFAN 2. Yield (catch in weight) and stock biomass were predicted for various levels of fishing effort using length converted Thompson and Bell analysis (Sparre, 1985). The output of Jones length cohort analysis, namely, the recruitment and fishing mortalities formed the inputs for length converted Thompson and Bell analysis. Craft, gear and areas Craft engaged in the fishing are plank built Satpati type boat, machwa mostly mechanised with 5 to 45 hp engine. However non-mechanised boats are also still In operation in Gujarat. Gear in vogue is bag net called "dol" net of 40-70 m in length with cod end mesh 15-27 mm. A smaller version of bag net with 5 mm cod end mesh called "Bauxi" is also used in the creeks. The operation of the gear have been described by Setna (1949), Gokhale (1957) and Raje and Deshmukh (1989). The fishing is conducted from 10-45 m depth In the area of tidal influence. It is also landed by shrimp trawlers in Gujarat and Maharashtra as bycatch. Fishery Maharashtra: The catches in Maharashtra ranged from 7921 t (1992) to 13195 t (1985). The average landings during last 10 years was 10022 t. The decline in landing was evident from 1992 onwards when the catches were in the range of 7921 to 8952 t. Districtwise catch indicated tha t Thane con-tributed 12.1%. Bombay 62.9%, Ratnagiri 20.4% and Ralgadh 4.6%. Majority of the landings of the species were by trawlers. CPUE indicates that peak abundance was during January-March. Gujarat: Though less number of uni ts were in operation in Gujarat compared to Maharashtra , C. dussumieri contributed 9273 t (1987) to 25306 Marine Fishenes ncbcarcn and Management t (1991) with an average of 14765 t showing an increasing trend. Besides dol net, trawl net also contributed to a large extent to its fishery. January-April was the peak period of abundance (Khan, 1986). West Bengal: The fishery that accounted for 490 t in 1985 reached a peak 4349 t in 1992 indicating a rising trend. However, in the last few years the catch has stabilised to 4000 t. The principal gear employed was dolnet. Orissa: The catches ranged from 180 t (1989) to 2143 t (1986) with an average 586 t. Biology Food and feeding Studies on the food and feeding habi ts indicated that the species fed mainly on young ones of Acetes spp., prawns, copepods, ostracods, amphipods and young fish and larvae. This is in confirmity with earlier findings by Bapat and Bal (1950). Copepods which formed 97% of zooplankton formed only 14.7% in the stomach, whereas ostracods which formed 1% in the zooplankton sam-ples formed 8.8% In the s tomach . Similarly Acetes s pp . a b u n d a n t in zooplankton formed 23.7% of stomach content and fish larvae 3.5% in the stomach. Therefore, these two items appear to be the preferred food of C. dussumieri. Maturity and spawning Monthly sex ratio studies indicated dominance of males over females during January to May. However, statistically significant differences were observed in February, May and July indicating the migration of females from the nursery area to breeding ground. The size at 50% maturity was 160 mm for males and 162.5 mm for females. Monthly studies indicated high percentage of mature specimens through out the year. Most of the mature ova is in the size-range of 50 to 60 microm-eter division. However, some fishes with larger ova, measuring 80 to 100 micrometer division with hyaline border, were observed during January to May indicating that the fish spawns during summer months . Larger sized ova In the size range of 0.85 to 1.1 mm were recorded during December-April by Flghery, biology and re»ource characterirtlc* of golden anchovy, CoUia dxtssiunieri (Cuv 8t Vai) Palekar and Karandikar (1953). Ova diameter studies indicated the presence of two batches of ova 10 to 14 and 50 to 60 micrometer division in the ovary. 100-1 90-eo-70-60-»* 50-40-30-20-10-13 12 T9 2 5 ? 162-5 147-5 1575 132-5 142-5 I6T5 152-5 1775 162-5 1875 \7ZS 1975 182-5 192-5 202-5 Fig.l. Size at first maturity of C.dussumieri. ion n RMtin9 @ Matur* d l BE Moturing Rip* lOO-9 0 - 3 0 0 8 0 -, _ OO , ^ _ , ^ >oo©ooooooooovooooooooooooc oooooooo oooooooooooooooooc OOOCTOC) LQPOp '§88888888SB%BSBSBBSl '^8a§8888888888SBS8tB88S8B8 PAQPJQQ,(^^^^^ F M A M J Months Fig.2. Average monthly gonadal condition of female C.dussumieri (Maharashtra). Marine Flsherieg Research and Management Recruitment pattern Recruitment studies indicated two peak periods one in May-July at 93.04% and the other minor one, corresponding to the peak spawning period of April-June. Age and growth, mortality and stock size Age and growth: The size ranged from 22 to 200 mm. The growth pa-rameters estimated were: Leo = 230 mm and K = 1.35 (annual). Fernandez and Devaraj (1996) estimated Looas 22.2 cm to 27.2 cm and K = 1.07 to 1.49 (annual). The species grows to 171 mm in the first year and the life-span is less than 2 years. Loo»230 K*l-35 J F M A J J A S 0 N D Months Fig. 3. Growth curve of C.dussumieri based on ELEFAN I output (Maharashtra). "sTT Fishery, biology and re»ouTce characterigttcs of golden anchovy, CoUia dussumieri fCui) Si VdU Ln(N 18-16-14-12-lO-C /( l -exp(-Z XAf ) ) ) . • N^s^ • ^^'v^m ^ * ^ ^ 5 1 Ralotiv* ag« Loo • 2 3 0 ' mm. K • 1-35 cutoff langth (\1) • I 3 9 0 mean length (from C) • 158 214 Z from mean length • 5 0 4 4 Z from catch curve • 5 -468 Z entered - 5 4 6 8 not. mortality (M,estimated for T« 2 7 - 2 ' O - 2310 M value used • 2-700 fiehing Mortality ( F * Z - M ) (Z a M at entered) • 2 7 6 8 exploit, rate ( E - F / Z ) -O-BOe I Fig. 4. Estimation of instantaneous mortalitey coefficient (z) of C.dussumieri (Maharashtra) by catch curve. Total mortality coefficient (Z) was estimated by length converted catch curve as 5.468 with correlation coefficient of 0.9. The estimated Lc was 136.8 mm and MSY was 16395 t. However, the length cohort analysis and Thompson and Bell long term forecast indicated MSY of 9302 t at an effort of 2.26 times more than the present level of fishing. Thompson and Bell long term forecast indicated that the effort can be increased to 126% than the present level. Acknowledgements I am thankful to Dr. M. Devaraj for his encouragements . Thanks are due to Shri J .D. Sarang for his help In field, laboratory work and during the preparat ion of manuscr ipt . References Bal, D.V. and M.S. Joshl 1956. Studies on the biology of Coilia dussumieri (Cuv and Val.). Indian J. Fish., 3(1): 91-100. Bapat, S.V. and D.V. Bal 1950. The food of some young clupeids. Proc. Indian Acad. Set. 32(1): 39. Fernandez, I and M. Devaraj 1996. Dynamics of the gold-spotted grena-Marine Flgherieg Roearch and Management dler anchovy [Coilia dussumieri) stock along the north-west coast of India. Indian J. Fish., 43(1): 27-38. Gadgil, M.D. 1965. On some aspects of the biology of Coilia dussumieri (Cuv. & Val.) M.Sc. dissertation. University of Bombay, Bombay, India. Gayanilo F.C.Jr., M. Soriano and D. Pauly 1988. A draft guide to the Com-plete ELEFAN. ICLARM Software Project 2-65 pp and 10 diskettes (5.25 inches, 360K). Gokhale, S.V. 1957. Operation of "Dolnef off Saurash t ra coast. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54: 714-725. Khan, M.Z. 1986. Dol net fishery of Nowabunder (Gujarat). Fisheries Tech-nology, 23:92-99. Palekar, V.C. and K.R. Karandikar 1956. Maturity of Coilia dussumieri (Cuv & Val) in Bombay waters during different months of the year. J. Zool Soc. India. Pauly D. 1982. Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks FAQ Technical paper No. 23F FIRM\T234(En)- 1-52. Raje, S.G. and V.D. Deshmukh 1989. On the dol net operation at Versova, Bombay. Indian J. Fish., 36(3): 239-248. Setna, S.B. 1949. Bombay fishermen's ingenuity. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 4 1 : 340-368. Sparre, P. 1985. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment . Rome FAO. Denmark-Funds-in Trust FI:GCP\392\DEN, Manual, 233pp. 

Fishery, biology and resource characteristics

of golden anchovy, Coilia dussumieri (Cuv & Val)

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Fishery, biology and resource characteristics of golden anchovy, Coilia dussumieri (Cuv & Val)

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