0000-0001-6002-343X

70315159

7403193768

Miki, Norihisa

Miyazaki, Koji

Morimoto, Yuya

宮崎, 康次

Micromachines

English

ミヤザキ, コウジ

Kyutacar : Kyushu Institute of Technology Academic Repository

4.73.4Editorial for the Special Issue ofSelected Papers from the 9thSymposium on Micro-NanoScience and Technology onMicromachinesNorihisa Miki, Koji Miyazaki and Yuya MorimotoSpecial IssueSelected Papers from the 9th Symposium on Micro-Nano Science and Technology on MicromachinesEdited byProf. Dr. Norihisa Miki, Prof. Dr. Koji Miyazaki  and Dr. Yuya MorimotoEditorialhttps://doi.org/10.3390/mi10090618micromachinesEditorialEditorial for the Special Issue of Selected Papers fromthe 9th Symposium on Micro-Nano Science andTechnology on MicromachinesNorihisa Miki 1,*, Koji Miyazaki 2 and Yuya Morimoto 3,41 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama,Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan2 Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho,Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan; miyazaki@mech.kyutech.ac.jp3 Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information, Science and Technology,The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; y-morimo@hybrid.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp4 Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku,Tokyo 153-8505, Japan* Correspondence: miki@mech.keio.ac.jp; Tel.: +81-45-566-1430Received: 12 September 2019; Accepted: 12 September 2019; Published: 17 September 2019 The Micro-Nano Science and Technology Division of the JSME (Japan Society of MechanicalEngineers) promotes academic activities to pioneer novel research topics on microscopic mechanics.The division encourages interdisciplinary studies to deeply understand physical/chemical/biologicalphenomena at the micro/nano scale and to develop applied technologies. Since 2009, the past sevensymposiums on Micro-Nano Science and Technology have taken place in a more interdisciplinarymanner, incorporating the related societies of electronics and applied physics. We have promotedin-depth studies and interactions between researchers/engineers in various fields with more than140 papers presented at each symposium for the past few years. Thanks to the previous activities andthe great effort of the committee members, the Micro-Nano Science and Technology Division has beenrecognized as a formal division within the JSME.This Special Issue collects 14 papers from the 9th Symposium on Micro-Nano Science andTechnology, which was held from October 30 through 1 November 2018, in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.All of the papers highlight new findings and technologies at micro/nano scales relating to a widevariety of fields of mechanical engineering, from fundamentals to applications.This issue present new fabrication technologies ranging from nano, micro, and mili scales. Directwriting of copper (Cu) in an ambient environment using femtosecond laser was proposed [1]. The laserreduces a glyoxylic acid Cu complex, which can be spin-coated onto a glass substrate. The resultingresistance of the patterned Cu was found to be large. The authors carefully investigated it and foundthe re-oxidation of the glyoxylic acid Cu complex to be the source. Nano-scale surface modificationis known to be effective for control of heat transfer. Given the difficulty of direct observation of thephenomena, molecular dynamics simulation was conducted, which nicely explained the contact angleand water condensation at the surface [2]. Micro/nano fabrication is not limited to inorganic materialbut organic material that is soft, flexible, and biocompatible. Printing of a stimuli-responsive hydrogel,which includes printing an N-isopropylacrylamide-based stimuli-responsive pre-gel solution and anacrylamide-based non-responsive pre-gel solution in a supporting viscous liquid, and polymerizingthe printed structures using ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, was introduced [3]. Not only do thefabrication processes enable three-dimensional structures but the formed hydrogel can also respond tothe stimuli. The authors claimed the process as 4D printing. Kirigami structures can generate largedeformation with good controllability while the manufacturing process is rather two-dimensional andMicromachines 2019, 10, 618; doi:10.3390/mi10090618 www.mdpi.com/journal/micromachinesMicromachines 2019, 10, 618 2 of 3compatible with micro/nano technologies. However, the edges of the structures are typically not wellconstrained and cause instability in the motion. Therefore, a model comprising of connected springs inseries with different rigidities in the regions close to the ends and the center is proposed [4]. It showedgood agreement with experiments and will contribute to the theoretical design of kirigami structures.Fabricated micro/nano features and devices must be assembled and packaged at the mili-scale toexhibit the best performance. The contact resistance when the electronic components are mountedusing elastic adhesives was investigated, which is crucial in solderless writing in low temperatureat low cost [5]. The careful investigation with respect to the contact pressure and Cu layer thicknessled to the development of the sandwich structure to decrease the contact resistance. Micro/nanomedical devices that exploit the small size and beneficial scale effects have been developed, however,the connection to the body is by far the most challenging. The connecting mechanism between theartificial blood vessels to facilitate the surgical procedure was proposed and demonstrated [6]. Themechanism allows blood to have contact only with the highly biocompatible surface; that is, the innersurface of the artificial blood vessels. The biocompatibility was experimentally investigated.Sensors are one of the major applications of micro/nano technologies, which exploit beneficialscale effects in electro/magneto/mechanical science and engineering. A near-infrared spectrometerwith a wide wavelength range using a plasmonic gold grating was proposed and demonstrated [7].By improving the spectrum derivation procedure, the wavelength range covers 1200 to 1600 nm.A thin-film magnetic field sensor with a logarithmic amplifier was newly proposed [8]. The amplifiercan translate hundreds of MHz signals to a direct current (DC) voltage signal which is proportional tothe radio frequency (RF) signal. A whole sensor system can be small enough to be practically used todetect foreign materials in industrial and medical products. Tactile sensation is considered to be thenext tool for the intuitive and efficient human/computer interface. A thermal tactile sensation display,which controls the effective thermal conductivity, was proposed and demonstrated [9]. A highlythermally conductive liquid metal is introduced into the device, whose amount controls the effectivethermal conductivity of the device. The range of the effective thermal conductivity was experimentallydeduced and human perception tests were conducted to verify the concept.Micro/Nano fluidics have been studied from their fundamentals to their biomedical applications.This Special Issue covers these topics with five papers. First, separation of nano- and micro-particleflows in branched microfluidic channels using thermophoresis [10]. Localized temperature increasesnear the branch are achieved using the Joule heat from a thin-film micro electrode embedded in thebottom wall of the microfluidic channel. The particle flow into one of the outlets is blocked by microscalethermophoresis since the particles are repelled from the hot region in the experimental conditions usedhere. The nano-particle case was also discussed theoretically and experimentally. The steady streamingthat can generate net mass flow from zero-mean vibration is attracting many researchers in this field.To achieve the steady streaming, the numerical analysis for three-dimensional and unsteady flowwas proposed [11]. The particle trajectories induced around a cylindrical micro-pillar under circularvibration was solved in the Lagrangian frame and the results were converted to a stationary Eulerianframe to compare with the experimental results, which showed good agreement. The proposed modelcan be a strong tool to design the micro scale flow of interest.Biomedical applications using micro/nano fluidics and biocompatible polymer material,in particular hydrogels, are discussed. The degeneration of adipocyte has been reported to causeobesity, metabolic syndrome, and other diseases. To treat these diseases, an effective in vitro evaluationand drug-screening system for adipocyte culture is required. An in vitro three-dimensional cellculture system to enable the monitoring of lipid accumulation by measuring electrical impedance wasproposed [12]. The relationship between the impedance and lipid accumulation of adipocytes wasinvestigated experimentally and the lipid accumulation of adipocytes was found to be monitoredin real time by the electrical impedance during in vitro culture. Reconstructing a three-dimensionalmuscle using living cells is promising for restoration of damaged muscles. However, the regeneratedtissue exhibits a weak construction force due to the insufficient tissue maturation. A cell-ladenMicromachines 2019, 10, 618 3 of 3core-shell hydrogel microfiber as a three-dimensional culture to control the cellular orientation withcyclic mechanical stimulation was proposed and demonstrated [13]. The directions of the myotubeswere oriented and the mature myotubes could be successfully formed by cyclic stretch stimulation.An anchoring device with pillars to immobilize an adipocyte microfiber was proposed to track thespecific positions of the microfiber for a long period [14]. Temporal observations of the microfiberon the device for a month successfully revealed the function and morphology of three-dimensionalcultured adipocytes. Lipolysis of the microfiber’s adipocytes by applying reagents with an anti-obesityeffect was also demonstrated, which indicates the effectiveness of the system for drug tests.We would like to thank all the contributing authors for their excellent research work. We appreciateall the reviewers who provided valuable comments to improve the quality of the papers and thetremendous support from the editorial staff of Micromachines.References1. Mizoshiri, M.; Aoyama, K.; Uetsuki, A.; Ohishi, T. Direct Writing of Copper Micropatterns Using Near-InfraredFemtosecond Laser-Pulse-Induced Reduction of Glyoxylic Acid Copper Complex. Micromachines 2019, 10,401. [CrossRef] [PubMed]2. Hiratsuka, M.; Emoto, M.; Konno, A.; Ito, S. Ito Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Influence of NanoscaleStructure on Water Wetting and Condensation. Micromachines 2019, 10, 587. [CrossRef] [PubMed]3. Onoe, H.; Uchida, T. 4D Printing of Multi-Hydrogels Using Direct Ink Writing in a Supporting ViscousLiquid. Micromachines 2019, 10, 433. [CrossRef] [PubMed]4. Taniyama, H.; Iwase, E. Design of Rigidity and Breaking Strain for a Kirigami Structure with Non-UniformDeformed Regions. Micromachines 2019, 10, 395. [CrossRef] [PubMed]5. Sato, T.; Koshi, T.; Iwase, E. Resistance Change Mechanism of Electronic Component Mounting throughContact Pressure Using Elastic Adhesive. Micromachines 2019, 10, 396. [CrossRef] [PubMed]6. Watanabe, A.; Miki, N. Connecting Mechanism for Artificial Blood Vessels with High Biocompatibility.Micromachines 2019, 10, 429. [CrossRef] [PubMed]7. Suido, Y.; Yamamoto, Y.; Thomas, G.; Ajiki, Y.; Kan, T. Extension of the Measurable Wavelength Range for aNear-Infrared Spectrometer Using a Plasmonic Au Grating on a Si Substrate. Micromachines 2019, 10, 403.[CrossRef] [PubMed]8. Nakai, T. Magneto-Impedance Sensor Driven by 400 MHz Logarithmic Amplifier. Micromachines 2019, 10,355. [CrossRef] [PubMed]9. Hirai, S.; Miki, N. A Thermal Tactile Sensation Display with Controllable Thermal Conductivity. Micromachines2019, 10, 359. [CrossRef] [PubMed]10. Tsuji, T.; Matsumoto, Y.; Kugimiya, R.; Doi, K.; Kawano, S. Separation of Nano- and Microparticle FlowsUsing Thermophoresis in Branched Microfluidic Channels. Micromachines 2019, 10, 321. [CrossRef] [PubMed]11. Kaneko, K.; Osawa, T.; Kametani, Y.; Hayakawa, T.; Hasegawa, Y.; Suzuki, H. Numerical and ExperimentalAnalyses of Three-Dimensional Unsteady Flow around a Micro-Pillar Subjected to Rotational Vibration.Micromachines 2018, 9, 668. [CrossRef] [PubMed]12. Zemmyo, D.; Miyata, S. Evaluation of Lipid Accumulation Using Electrical Impedance Measurement underThree-Dimensional Culture Condition. Micromachines 2019, 10, 455. [CrossRef] [PubMed]13. Bansai, S.; Morikura, T.; Onoe, H.; Miyata, S. Effect of Cyclic Stretch on Tissue Maturation in Myoblast-LadenHydrogel Fibers. Micromachines 2019, 10, 399. [CrossRef] [PubMed]14. Morimoto, Y.; Nishimura, K.; Yokomizo, A.; Takeuchi, S. Temporal Observation of Adipocyte MicrofiberUsing Anchoring Device. Micromachines 2019, 10, 358. [CrossRef] [PubMed]© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open accessarticle distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Editorial for the Special Issue of Selected Papers from the 9th Symposium on Micro-Nano Science and Technology on Micromachines

https://kyutech.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2000544/files/10429527.pdf

Editorial for the Special Issue of Selected Papers from the 9th Symposium on Micro-Nano Science and Technology on Micromachines

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Kyutacar : Kyushu Institute of Technology Academic Repository