One member of the pair remained in the close proximity of the nest to protect the nestlings from possible predators. The other member of the pair arrived about five minutes later with a lizard in its talons

Faiz, Abu ul Hassan

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UCT Open Access Journals (Univ. of Cape Town)

Ornithological Observationshttp://oo.adu.org.za An electronic journal published by the Animal Demography Unit at the University of Cape Town  Ornithological Observations accepts papers containing faunistic information about birds. This includes descriptions of distribreeding, foraging, food, movement, measurements, habitat and plumage. It will relevant ornithological material: reports of projects and conferences, annotated checklists for a site or region, specialist other interesting or relevant material. Editor: Arnold van der Westhuizen EURASIAN KESTREL FALCO TINNUNCULUS  Recommended citation format: Faiz A 2015. Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus brood food and feeding Potohar, Punjab, Pakistan.  URL:  - ISSN 2219-0341 -     and BirdLife South Africa  also consider for publication a variety of other interesting or bibliographies, and any     BROOD FOOD AND FEEDING IN POTOHAR, PUNJAB, PAKISTANAbu ul Hassan Faiz Ornithological Observations, Vol 6: 82-83 http://oo.adu.org.za/content.php?id=183  Published online: 16 July 2015   bution, behaviour,  Ornithological Observations, Vol 6: 82-83 EURASIAN KESTREL FALCO TINNUNCULUSFOOD AND FEEDING IN POTOHAR, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN  Abu ul Hassan Faiz*  Department of Zoology, Women University Azad, Jammu and KashmirBagh, Pakistan  * Corresponding author: sabulhussan@gmail.com Ecologists study raptor diets to understand their niches and to community ecology (Lewis 2004). The raptor diets provide valuable information on prey distribution, abundance, behaviovulnerability. Knowledge of a species’ diet should therefore be an integral component of any management and conservation plans for that particular species. The Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculussmall raptor that is widespread in open countryopportunistic forager that catches what is locally available (Village 1982). Habitat composition and prey availability for different kestrel subspecies change greatly along with geographical distribution.  Potohar (N 32° 33' and 34° 03', E 71° 89' and 73° 37') is the northern part of the province of Punjab which includes the distriRawalpindi (including Federal Capital Area), Chakwal, Attock and Jhelum. Potohar is bordered on the north by the Margalla and Kala Chitta hills and on the south by the Salt Range which is separated from the main mountain ranges of the west by the Indus River. The rough high-lying Potohar Plateau (305-610 m asl) connects the Salt Range to Himalayan foothills towards the north. The western and eastern sides of the plateau are flanked by the rivers Indus and - ISSN 2219-0341 -  BROOD ,   relate it ur and  is a  and is an cts of  Fig 1 – An Eurasian Kestrel with an Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard in its talons. Jhelum, respectively. The average annual rainfall infrom 1500mm in the northeast to about 380mm(Anon. 1976).  On 9 July 2013 we were conducting a raptor survey in Potoharweather was hot. I observed a nest of an Eurasian on a cliff. One bird was observed guarding the two nestlings in the nest cavity. No fledgelings was seen in the vicinity of the nestmember of the pair remained in the close proximity of the protect the nestlings from possible predators. The other the pair arrived about five minutes later with a lizard prey was identified as an Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard 82    Potohar varies  in the southwest . The Kestrel in a hole . One nest to member of in its talons. The Saara hardwickii Ornithological Observations, Vol 6: 82-83 Fig 2 – The Eurasian Kestrel at the entrance of the nest cavity with the Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard clearly visible in its talons. (syn Uromastyx hardwickii). This observation of prey taken by these kestrels corresponds with the findings of Steen (2011).   The nest cavity measured 42cm in length and 25cm in width andwas 150m from the ground level in the cliff face.  - oo0oo -    - ISSN 2219-0341 -    it References Anonymous 1976. Report of the Punjab Barani Commission. Government of the Punjab, Lahore.  Lewis SB, Fuller MR, Titus K 2004. A comparison of assessing raptor diet during the breeding seasonBulletin, 32 pp. 373–385.  Steen R, Løw LM, Sonerud T 2011. Delivery of Common Lizards Zootoca vivipara to nests of Eurasian Kestrels determined by solar height and ambient temperature. Journal of Zoology, 89: 199–205.  Village A 1982. The diet of kestrels in relation to vole abundanceBird Study, 29, pp. 129–138  83 3 methods for . Wildlife Society Falco tinnunculus Canadian . 

Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus brood food and feeding Potohar, Punjab, Pakistan

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Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus brood food and feeding Potohar, Punjab, Pakistan

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