Bachmann, Jens

JAGTAP, NIPUN

Lorenz, Tom

Monnerie, Nathalie

Naegler, Tobias

Neumann, Nicole

Prats Salvado, Enric

Roeb, Martin

Schlosser, Steffen Johannes

Institute of Transport Research:Publications

Enric Prats-Salvado, Nicole Carina Neumann, Nipun Jagtap, Steffen Schlosser, Jens Bachmann, Nathalie Monnerie, Martin Roeb, Tobias Naegler, Tom Lorenz.QUANTIFYING CIRCULAR DESIGN: METRICS FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION1Enric Prats-Salvado, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 12.09.2024Circularity @DLR: Project MaTiC-M21. Development of a data-based Design for Circularitymethodology:▪ Consideration of recycling aspects in the product design▪ Testing with DLR technologies2. Sustainable designs for DLR technologies (use cases) inthe fields of aviation, transportation and energy3. Digital platform for product developers▪ Overview of design options and their effect on recyclingpotential▪ Other aspects to be considered (economic, environmental…)[2] https://corporate.transavia.com/corporateit/-/media/Images/Public/Corporate/interior-fleet.jpg?h=683&la=it-IT&w=1024&hash=4032734A9284E77C88127421FCEB0DED​[2]​Introduction: linear economy3Energy intensity of copper mining in Chile:Source: Aramendia 2023ExtractionProductionUseDisposalDesign for Circularity4Source: Rose 2000, Dwek 2018Economic Environmental Circularity MaterialSuggested Metrics5Units €/FU kg CO2e/FU0-1 Factor(0 = fully linear1 = fully circular)Criticality score(arbitrary units)Economic Environmental Circularity CriticalityFU: Functional unit (e.g. 1 linear actuator)CO2e: CO2 equivalent to account for all greenhouse gasesApplication of metrics: Linear actuator6Source: dlr.de, grockmotion.comElectric linear actuator for heliostats(GRA-3000 by G-ROCK Technology)Methodology: How do we calculate the metrics?7Real actuator Bill of materials (BOM) Literature review & interviews about current manufacturing and recyclingSource: Welteroth 2024Value for each indicator beforeimplementing DfC improvementsAvoidable with primary data!Manufacturing & end-of-life modelsThe life cycle of an actuator8PrimarymaterialsMaterialsSecondarymaterialsScrapSubcomponentsLandfill /incinerationWastefractionsEnd-of-lifeManufacturingEconomic Indicator9Manufacturing(110 €/FU)End-of-life(-4 €/FU)SubcomponentsLaborInfrastructure66 €19 €18 €8 €020406080100120Cost (€/FU)Energy1 €1 €-6 €-7.5-5-2.502.5Cost (€/FU)RecyclingRevenuesLandfillingFU: Functional unitEnvironmental Indicator10Manufacturing(31 kg CO2e/FU)End-of-life(-10 kg CO2e/FU)MaterialsManufacturing processesDisplacementof primary materials28305101520253035Climate change (kg CO2e/FU)1-11-12-10-8-6-4-202Climate change (kg CO2e/FU)Sorting & landfillingFU: Functional unitCircularity Indicator11MCI: Material Circularity IndicatorSource: EM Foundation 2015Criticality Indicator1200.10.20.30.40.50.60.7Criticality score (arbitrary units)RestNeodymiumCopperAluminumIron(EU perspective)0.001%0.010%0.100%1.000%10.000%100.000%012345AluminiumBoronChromiumCopperDysposiumIronLeadMagnesiumManganeseMolybdenumNeodymiumNickelNiobiumSiliconTinTitaniumZincMaterial mass fraction (%)Supply disruption probability (arbitrary units)Overview of indicators and hotspots13Value 106 €/FU 21 kg CO2e/FU 0.68 0.61 arbitrary unitsTo be improved• Electric motor• Gears• Circuit board• Stator magnets• Lack of reused parts• Increase % of recycled metal• Magnets with rare-earth elementsEconomic Environmental Circularity CriticalityFU: Functional unitConclusions144 indicators: better assessment vs. information overloadPrimary data is critical, but available for target audienceTesting of new designs pending!15Thanks for your attention!This work was financed by DLR Internal Funding (MaTiC-M)Enric Prats-SalvadoInstitute of Future Fuels (DLR)

QUANTIFYING CIRCULAR DESIGN: METRICS FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION

https://elib.dlr.de/210815/1/240912_Metrics_DECHEMA.pdf

QUANTIFYING CIRCULAR DESIGN: METRICS FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION

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