Bird, Scott

Ross, Cassidy

Rusche, Warren

Smith, Zachary

English

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  South Dakota State University Animal Science Research Report 2024 © 2024, South Dakota Board of Regents 47 Animal Science Research Report 2024 Substitution of modified distillers grains with soybean meal with or without hulls had negligible effects on growth performance, efficiency, and carcass traits in yearling steers. Cassidy Ross, Scott Bird, Zachary Smith, Warren Rusche Rationale and Approach Traditionally, corn dry-milling co-products are used as a standard feed ingredient in American feedlots for at least 20 years, whereas oilseed meals are rarely used. However, recent increases in the demand for biodiesel may result in changes to long-held supplemental protein price relationships in the United States, influencing protein source decisions of feedyard operators. The objective of this research was to examine the effects of soybean meal (SBM) with or without additional soybean hulls (SBH) in replacement of modified corn distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) on growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy utilization, and carcass trait responses in finishing beef steers. Steers (n = 240) were allotted to one of 24 pens (n = 10 steers per pen; 8 pens per treatment) and assigned to one of three treatments: MDGS fed at 15% diet DM (MDGS) replaced by either soybean meal and corn (9 and 6% of DM, respectively; SBM), or soybean meal and soyhull pellets (9 and 6% of DM, respectively; SBM-SBH). Dietary concentrations of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber based on tabular values and weekly batching records were 12.3 and 17.6%, 12.8 and 14.5%, and 12.8 and 17.8% for MDGS, SBM, and SBM-SBH, respectively (Table 1). Findings Growth performance and carcass trait data are in Table 2. In the first 21 d the soybean meal showed advantages over MDGS. Day 21 BW was greater (P = 0.01) in the SBM and SBM-SBH compared to MDGS, reflected by 41 and 38 % greater ADG (P = 0.01) observed in the SBM and SBM-SBH treatments, respectively. Soybean meal also increased DMI (P = 0.01) and improved feed efficiency (P = 0.01) compared to MDGS. However, differences between MDGS and SBM were reversed between d 21 and d 49, with MDGS increasing ADG (P = 0.03) and gain to feed ratio (G:F; P = 0.01) during this period.  Cumulatively, there were no differences amongst treatments for carcass-adjusted final BW, DMI, ADG, or feed efficiency (P ≥ 0.11). Dietary treatment had no effect on hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, ribeye area rib fat marbling score, USDA Yield Grade, percent empty body fat (EBF), or final body weight adjusted to 28% EBF (P ≥ 0.11). Also, distribution of USDA Quality or Yield grades were unaffected by treatment and dietary treatment did not affect liver abscess incidence and severity (P ≥ 0.11).    South Dakota State University Animal Science Research Report 2024 © 2024, South Dakota Board of Regents 48 Implications Feeding supplemental protein sources with enhanced diet conditioning attributed and greater concentrations of ruminally undegradable protein sources (MDGS) provided no advantage to cattle performance. Therefore, protein source decisions can be based upon price per delivered crude protein and impact on diet costs. Acknowledgements  The authors want to thank the South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council and the SD State University Agricultural Experiment Station for providing financial support. Table 1. Diet Composition (DM basis)a.    Treatmentb Item MDGS SBM SBM-SBH Ingredient Composition, %    Dry-rolled Corn 69.78 75.17 69.48 MDGS 14.74 0 0 Soybean Meal 0 9.26 8.97 Soybean Hull Pellets 0 0 5.91 Roughagec 11.48 11.58 11.62 Liquid Supplementd 4.02 3.99 4.01 Nutrient Compositione    Dry Matter, % 65.41 72.24 72.17 Crude Protein, % 12.23 12.45 12.68 Neutral Detergent Fiber, % 16.62 13.59 16.75 Fat, % 4.67 4.05 4.01 Nemf, Mcal/cwt 93.03 92.56 90.76 NEgg, Mcal/cwt 62.99 62.57 61.00 aAll values except dry matter are on a DM basis. bMDGS – modified distillers grains as CP source; SBM- soybean meal and corn replacing MDGS; SBM-SBH – soybean meal and soyhulls replacing MDGS cRoughage source was ryelage from d 1 to 44, corn silage from d 45 to 105, & sorghum silage from d 106 to 118 dLiquid supplement contained (DM basis): 27.0% CP, 20.154% non-protein nitrogen, 38.765 Mcal/cwt of NEm, 26.265 Mcal/cwt of NEg, 0.316% ether extract, 20.273% total sugars, 58.823% ash, 16.923% calcium, 0.40% P, 1.538% K, 0.255% Mg, 7.935% NaCl, 3.415% Na, 0.493% S, 4.615 ppm Co, 250.00 ppm Cu, 40.0 ppm I, 50.0 ppm EDDI, 243.067 ppm Fe, 500.00 ppm Mn, 4.00 ppm Se, 2,253.846 ppm Zn, 36,000.00 IU/lb Vitamin A, 250.00 IU/lb Vitamin E, and 750.769 g/ton monensin sodium eTabular net energy from Preston (2016) and tabular nutrient compositions from NASEM (2016) fNet energy for maintenance  gNet energy for gain   South Dakota State University Animal Science Research Report 2024 © 2024, South Dakota Board of Regents 49 Table 2. Influence of dietary treatment on growth performance and carcass trait responses (deads and removals excluded).  Treatmentsa  P-value Item MDGS (1) SBM (2) SBM-SBH (3) SEM Overall SBM effect  (1 vs 2,3) Starch effect (2 vs 3) Steers, n 79 79 80     Pens, n 8 8 8     Initial BWb, lbs 963 956 957     d 1 to 21        d 21 BWb, lbs 1038 1082 1077 4.4 0.01 0.01 0.01 ADG, lbs 3.57 5.96 5.73 0.206 0.01 0.01 0.01 DMI, lbs 22.15 24.22 23.34 0.148 0.01 0.01 0.01 G:F 0.161 0.246 0.245 0.0080 0.01 0.01 0.01 F:Gc 6.39 4.10 4.10     d 22 to 49        d 49 BWb, lbs 1202 1224 1220 5.2 0.02 0.01 0.05 ADG, lbs 5.84 5.10 5.11 0.199 0.03 0.01 0.15 DMI, lbs 27.24 27.21 27.69 0.220 0.26 0.46 0.36 G:F 0.214 0.187 0.185 0.007 0.01 0.01 0.16 F:Gc 4.72 5.44 5.44     d 50 to d 77        d 77 BWb, lbs 1365 1393 1384 8.9 0.12 0.06 0.12 ADG, lbs 5.87 6.03 5.86 0.254 0.87 0.80 0.60 DMI, lbs 31.31 31.73 32.15 0.365 0.30 0.18 0.99 G:F 0.190 0.190 0.182 0.0068 0.71 0.88 0.53 F:Gc 5.26 5.26 5.49     d 78 to d 118        d 118 BWb, lbs 1521 1533 1515 8.3 0.33 0.80 0.17 ADG, lbs 3.79 3.41 3.18 0.188 0.11 0.05 0.74 DMI, lbs 32.35 31.76 31.45 0.383 0.27 0.13 0.76 G:F 0.117 0.108 0.101 0.0054 0.15 0.07 0.80 F:Gc 8.55 9.26 9.90     Cumulative (live-basis)        ADG, lbs 4.73 4.89 4.73 0.070 0.22 0.37 0.09 DMI, lbs 29.08 29.33 29.28 0.212 0.68 0.39 0.57 G:F 0.117 0.108 0.101 0.0054 0.15 0.54 0.07 F:Gc 6.13 5.99 6.17     Cumulative (HCW/0.625)        Final BWd, lbs 1508 1497 1481 8.5 0.11 0.09 0.81 ADG, lbs  4.61 4.58 4.44 0.071 0.22 0.25 0.56 DMI, lbs 29.08 29.33 29.28 0.212 0.68 0.39 0.57 G:F 0.159 0.156 0.152 0.0023 0.13 0.11 0.73 F:Gc 6.29 6.41 6.58       South Dakota State University Animal Science Research Report 2024 © 2024, South Dakota Board of Regents 50  Treatmentsa  P-value Item MDGS (1) SBM (2) SBM-SBH (3) SEM Overall SBM effect  (1 vs 2,3) Starch effect (2 vs 3) Carcass Trait Responses        Hot carcass wt., lbs 942 936 926 5.3 0.11 0.09 0.81 Dressing percentagee 61.96 61.14 61.23 0.291 0.13 0.05 0.22 Ribfat, in 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.016 0.90 0.69 0.99 Ribeye area, in sq. 13.95 13.70 13.66 0.110 0.17 0.07 0.42 Marblingf 535 549 531 10.9 0.51 0.74 0.27 Calculated YG 3.65 6.72 6.69 0.062 0.74 0.47 0.57 Quality Grade Distribution, %        Select 6.4 3.9 8.8  0.70   Low Choice  26.9 26.0 28.8     Average Choice 42.3 42.9 40.0     High Choice 18.0 23.4 18.8     Prime 6.4 3.9 3.8     Yield Grade  Distribution, %        1 1.3 1.3 0.0  0.70   2 24.4 15.2 18.3     3 52.6 62.0 53.7     4 21.8 20.3 26.8     5 0.0 1.3 1.2     Liver Abscess Prevalence, %g        Normal 76.9 73.4 64.6  0.11   A- 11.5 13.9 11.0     A  5.1 1.3 6.1     A+ 6.4 11.4 18.3     aMDGS – modified distillers grains as CP source; SBM- soybean meal and corn replacing MDGS; SBM-SBH – soybean meal and soyhulls replacing MDGS bA 4% pencil shrink was applied to BW measures to account for gastrointestinal tract fill. c Calculated as: 1/G:F d Determined from carcass-adjusted growth performance. e Calculated as: (HCW/Final BW shrunk 4%) × 100. fSmall00 = 400 gElanco scoring system: Normal (no abscesses), A- (1 or 2 small abscesses), A (2 to 4 small abscesses), A+ (1 or more abscesses greater than 1 inch in diameter) 

Substitution of Modified Distillers Grains with Soybean Meal with or without Hulls had Negligible Effects on Growth Performance, Efficiency, and Carcass Traits in Yearling Steers

https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&context=ans_report_2024

Substitution of Modified Distillers Grains with Soybean Meal with or without Hulls had Negligible Effects on Growth Performance, Efficiency, and Carcass Traits in Yearling Steers

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