Custaud, Marc-Antoine

Liphardt, Anna-Maria

Petersen, Lonnie G.

Saveko, Alina

Washio, Takuro

Frontiers in Physiology

OPEN FAU Online-Publikationssystem der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

Editorial: Rising stars inenvironmental, aviation and spacephysiology: 2022Alina Saveko1*, Anna-Maria Liphardt2,3, Takuro Washio4,5,Lonnie G. Petersen6 and Marc-Antoine Custaud71Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Úniversitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany, 3Deutsches ZentrumImmuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Úniversitätsklinikum Erlangen,Erlangen, Germany, 4Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health PresbyterianHospital Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States, 5The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas,TX, United States, 6Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,7University Angers, CRC, CHU Angers, Inser, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR CAT, Angers, FranceKEYWORDSweightlessness, deconditioning, countermeasures, integrative physiology, gravitationalphysiologyEditorial on the Research TopicRising stars in environmental, aviation and space physiology: 2022Recognizing the future leaders in environmental, aviation and space physiology isfundamental to safeguarding tomorrow’s driving forces for innovation. The aim of thenewly formed early career commission of the International Society for GravitationalPhysiology (www.isgp-space.org) is to actively involve young scientists (graduatestudents and early career researchers) who are working in gravitational physiology inISGP, to foster networking across countries and disciplines, and to provide educational offersto the next-generation of space life sciences scientists.The articles collected in this Research Topic demonstrate the importance of anintegrative view of countermeasure approaches to overcome maladaptations during andafter spaceflight, to foster discussions across disciplines, and to stimulate collaboration.Spaceflight factors affect the human body, including the cardiovascular system. Theresults by Rabineau et al. confirmed this statement and extended the understanding ofcardiovascular mechanisms and the possible consequences. For the first time in this context,4D flow cardiac MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) was used for the evaluation of aorticparameters in response to 6° head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest exposure. The observed changesin blood flow confirmed previous findings of the different adaptations occurring in the upperand lower body hemodynamics. During the HDT bed rest, a larger share of blood volumewas dedicated to the upper body phase. All arterial stiffness markers indicated a more rigidaorta during the HDT phase, which may be caused by the decrease in the magnitude of aorticwall shear stress and/or by other hemodynamic changes including a decrease in leftventricular ejection time. While some changes in aortic wall shear stress were observedonly inmales during the HDT bed rest periods, and female participants experienced oppositechanges during the recovery period, no other sex-related differences were observed. Artificialgravity countermeasures could not prevent immobilization effects on aortic wall shear stress.At the same time, Habib et al. could demonstrate that vasodilatory responses, especiallyflow-mediated dilation response (FMD), is equally affected in men and women by uprightOPEN ACCESSEDITED AND REVIEWED BYRichard D. Boyle,National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA), United States*CORRESPONDENCEAlina Saveko,asaveko@gmail.comRECEIVED 29 May 2023ACCEPTED 31 May 2023PUBLISHED 07 June 2023CITATIONSaveko A, Liphardt A-M, Washio T,Petersen LG and Custaud M-A (2023),Editorial: Rising stars in environmental,aviation and space physiology: 2022.Front. Physiol. 14:1230752.doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1230752COPYRIGHT© 2023 Saveko, Liphardt, Washio,Petersen and Custaud. This is an open-access article distributed under the termsof the Creative Commons AttributionLicense (CC BY). The use, distribution orreproduction in other forums ispermitted, provided the original author(s)and the copyright owner(s) are creditedand that the original publication in thisjournal is cited, in accordance withaccepted academic practice. No use,distribution or reproduction is permittedwhich does not comply with these terms.Frontiers in Physiology frontiersin.org01TYPE EditorialPUBLISHED 07 June 2023DOI 10.3389/fphys.2023.1230752posture, despite numerous sex differences in the initial data (Habibet al.). The authors observed an increased FMD in the uprightposture with no change in shear stress and a reduction in bloodpressure. Hence, these results suggest a mechanism other than shearstress causing the increased vasodilation. Further, while Habib et al.hypothesized that a reduction of FMD while upright would beprotective of blood pressure while upright, these results suggestthat enhanced FMD while upright could be a contributing factor toreductions of blood pressure while upright.Spaceflight-related fluid shift affects not only cardiovascularfunction, but may also relate to the pathogenesis of thespaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Using aPerkins tonometer and Heidelberg Spectralis Optical CoherenceTomography (OCT) Van Akin et al. showed that both hydrostaticgradients (posture) and fluid shifts (chamber pressure) affectedintraocular pressure, but only hydrostatic gradients affected axiallength and aqueous depth. Both of these factors should continue tobe investigated as mechanisms relevant to understanding theetiology of SANS.Robin et al. showed that vertical treadmill running (3 * 30 min/week) or resistive flywheel exercise (3 * 45 min/week) ascountermeasures during a 90-day 6° HDT bed rest study did notprevent deterioration of orthostatic tolerance or hemodynamic andautonomous indices. However, exercise groups lost less global leanmass and leg circumferences compared with the control group(HDT bed rest only). Running exercise could preserve maximaloxygen uptake, while resistance exercise limited its declinesuggesting that muscular countermeasures should be maintainedfor the entire duration of deep space missions to counteract aprogressive decline in overall capability to work.To combat adverse effects of microgravity and to maintain high-efficiency work capacity during spaceflight, it is important toconduct real-time monitoring of crew health. Wang et al.demonstrate with their study that skin autofluorescence signalsreflect changes in human oxidant status. This study providesevidence for the potential of a portable handheld two-photonmicroscope for skin imaging to monitor changes in stress levelsin-orbit.The topic also presents a study on the effectiveness of theFunctional Re-adaptive Exercise Device (FRED) used incombination with standard reconditioning program for restoringlumbopelvic muscles volumes and reversing the accumulation ofparaspinal muscle fat content after 60 days of exposure tomicrogravity factors modeled using HDT bed rest (De Martinoet al.). The MRI data of the lumbopelvic region showed thatreconditioning programs partially (regionally) reversed thechanges in the volumes of the lumbar multifidus, lumbar erectorspinae, quadratus lumborum, and psoas major muscles. Localizedaccumulation of lipids in the medial regions of the lumbarmultifidus was still evident during 2 weeks of recovery and theapplication of FRED, in addition to the standard reconditioningprogram, did not lead to additional benefits.Finally, studies presented in this Research Topic touch onvarious challenges in gravitational physiology: from the study ofthe physiological mechanisms of changes induced by spaceflight tothe study of the effectiveness of their prevention, monitoring, andrecovery. It is worth noting that all articles on the Research Topic useinnovative methods. While future innovations in Environmental,Aviation and Space Physiology are yet to be discovered, thisResearch Topic will give the community a hint at whom to follow.Author contributionsAll Research Topic editors worked collaboratively to decidewhich papers were accepted or rejected, and each manuscript wassubject to review by the panel of editors as well as peer reviewers.This editorial introduction was led by AS. All authors contributed tothe article and approved the submitted version.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that the research was conducted in theabsence of any commercial or financial relationships that could beconstrued as a potential conflict of interest.Publisher’s noteAll claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authorsand do not necessarily represent those of their affiliatedorganizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and thereviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, orclaim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed orendorsed by the publisher.Frontiers in Physiology frontiersin.org02Saveko et al. 10.3389/fphys.2023.1230752

Editorial: Rising stars in environmental, aviation and space physiology: 2022

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Editorial: Rising stars in environmental, aviation and space physiology: 2022

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