Scatter plots for the causal associations of RA with cataract and glaucoma.

Abstract

The ordinate in scatter plots is the effect of the instrumental variables on the outcome, and the abscissa is the effect of the instrumental variables on the exposure. The causal effect of each method is represented by the slope of the line. (A) Scatter plot of RA on cataract in the European population; (B) Scatter plot of RA on glaucoma in the European population; (C) Scatter plot of cataract on RA in the European population; (D) Scatter plot of glaucoma on RA in the European population; (E) Scatter plot of RA on cataract in the East Asian population; (F) Scatter plot of RA on glaucoma in the East Asian population; (G) Scatter plot of cataract on RA in the East Asian population; (H) Scatter plot of glaucoma on RA in the East Asian population. RA: rheumatoid arthritis.</p