Didácticas en la enseñanza de la promoción de la salud en la asignatura programas de salud del programa de Medicina de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

Abstract

La promocion de la salud es un componente de la salud publica que se ensena en asignaturas de medicina comunitaria. Por constituir componente importante en la formacion del estudiante se quiere comprender las relaciones que se establecen entre la didactica y la promocion de la salud; el estudio parte de la pregunta: .Cuales son las didacticas en la ensenanza de la promocion de la salud, visualizadas por los estudiantes, en las asignaturas Programas de Salud en el departamento de Medicina Comunitaria de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira?. Estudio cualitativo de tipo Teoria Fundamentada. Se realizaron 3 entrevistas a profundidad a estudiantes que cursaron las asignaturas Programas de Salud; las unidades textuales permitieron codificacion abierta y emergencia de categorias iniciales, que se profundizaron indagando nuevamente de manera selectiva. La categorizacion axial permitio afinar categorias y subcategorias; la tecnica de triangulacion de cotejo facilito el proceso interpretativo. Los componentes axiales \condiciones, medios y rasgos. facilitaron los hallazgos de las didacticas en promocion y las barreras para el aprendizaje.The promoting of health is a component of public health taught in concentrations of the department of Community Medicine of the Program of Medicine. By constituting an important component in the formation of the student, we look to comprehend the relations that are established between the didactics and the promoting of health; the study bases itself off the question: Which are the didactical tools visualized by the students, that develop in the teaching of the promoting of health, in the discipline of Programs of Health, of the department of Community Medicine of the Program of Medicine of the Faculty of Science of Health of the University Tecnológica de Pereira? A qualitative study of type Fundamental Theory. 3 in depth interviews were conducted to students that coursed the concentration Programs of Health, the textual records allowed open codification and emergence of the initial categories, that were further developed by selective querying. The axial categorization allowed refining of the categories and subcategories; the technique of triangulation of comparison facilitated the interpretive process. The axial components, "conditions, mediums, and traits" facilitated the findings of the didactics in promoting and the barriers to the learning. A first finding: A didactic and pedagogical model was revealed framed in the empiric and analytic vision of the sciences. A second finding: Cemented in the proposal of the obstacles of Bachelard (1993), the following barriers were found that limit the learning of promoting, since they impede an effective process of didactic transpositioning: tension between the promoting of health and prevention of the disease; application of the clinical reasoning to the promoting of health; previous notions of the promoting of health on the part of the faculty and students; problems of participation; the student is centered on himself. The most important recommendation consists of working from within the University searching for confluences of multiple disciplines that, when applied to the promotion of health, allow to overcome the empirical focus of the natural sciences and advance towards comprehensive and critical perspectives