In this paper, the female of S. friedlanderi, collected near São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Brazil, is described and additional information on the male and immature stages are provided

COSCARÓN S

CROSSKEY R.W.

Mateus Pepinelli

Neusa Hamada

PY-DANIEL V.

SABROSKI C.W.

Susana Trivinho-Strixino

Pepinelli,Mateus

Trivinho-Strixino,Susana

Hamada,Neusa

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Description of simulium (Chirostilbia) Friedlanderi Pydaniel, 1987 (Insecta: Diptera: Simuliidae) female

In this paper, the female of S. friedlanderi, collected near São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Brazil, is described and additional information on the male and immature stages are provided.</jats:p

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Pepinelli, Mateus

Susana, Trivinho-strixino,

Hamada, Neusa

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http://www.biotaneotropica.org.brDESCRIPTION OF SIMULIUM (CHIROSTILBIA) FRIEDLANDERI PY-DANIEL, 1987 (INSECTA: DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) FEMALE.1. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos. FAX: (16) 260-8316.E-mail: mateuspepi@hotmail.com2. Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, UFSCar, Caixa Postal 676, CEP 13565-905, SãoCarlos, SP, Brasil.3. Coordenação de Pesquisas em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Caixa Postal 478, 69011-970Manaus, AM, Brasil.AbstractIn this paper, the female of S. friedlanderi, collected near São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Brazil, is described andadditional information on the male and immature stages are provided.Key words: Simulium friedlanderi, Simuliidae, female description.ResumoNeste artigo é feita a descrição da fêmea de Simulium friedlanderi, coletada no  Córrego da Lagoa, em São Carlos, noEstado de São Paulo, Brasil, e são fornecidas informações adicionais sobre os machos, os imaturos e do criadouro daespécie.Palavras-chave:Simuliidae, Simulium friedlanderi, descrição da fêmea.Biota Neotropica v3 (n2) –http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v3n2/pt/abstract?short-communication+BN00203022003Mateus Pepinelli1Susana Trivinho-Strixino2Neusa Hamada3Date Received 03/27/2003Revised 05/18/2003Accepted 07/01/2003http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br2Pepinelli, M. (et al.) - Biota Neotropica, v3 (n2) - BN00203022003IntroductionThe family Simuliidae (Diptera: Nematocera) has31genera, 53 subgenera and 1787 species in the world.  Untilthe present, 4 species of Lutzsimulium d’Andretta & d’Andretta, 1947 genus and 83 of Simulium Latreille, 1802have been reported from Brazil (Crosskey & Howard 1997;Crosskey 2002).The Neotropical subgenus Chirostilbia was dividedby Coscarón (1987) in two species-groups: pertinax andsubpallidum.  The pertinax group is composed of 10 spe-cies and the subpallidum group of three (Crosskey &Howard 1997).  Simulium friedlanderi Py-Daniel, 1987, be-longs to the pertinax group, together with S. distinctumLutz, 1910, S. empascae, Py-Daniel & Moreira, 1988, S.laneportoi, Vargas, 1941, S. obesum, Vulcano, 1959, S.pertinax, Kollar, 1832, and S. riograndense, Py-Daniel, Souza& Caldas, 1988; S. serranus, Coscarón, 1981; S.spinibranchium, Lutz, 1910 and S. strignotum (Enderlein1934).  According to Coscarón (op. cit.), species in thepertinax species-group are black, females have tarsal clawswith basal tooth and the gonostylus of males does not havea longitudinal ridge on the latero-superior region.S. friedlanderi is known only from its original de-scription, which was based on the larval and pupal stagesand on an male adults extracted from its pupal involucre.The present study provides the description of the femaleand morphological additional characteristics of the male.Material and MethodsThe larvae and pupae (Fig. 17) of S. friedlanderi werecollected in a small stream (Lagoa stream) located in theexperimental farm of CPPSE - EMBRAPA (São Carlos County,São Paulo, Brazil - 21o56’12’’ S and 47o 54’15’’ W ), duringthe dry season of 2002  and preserved in 70% ethanol.  Pu-pae containing pharate adults were reared in plastic vialscontaining wet filter paper to obtain the adults that werestored in 70% ethanol, with the pupal exuviae. The adultswere dehydrated in ethyl glycol (Cellosolve) and xylol(Sabrosky 1966) and then pinned; head and genitalia wereclarified in 10 % KOH and mounted between slide and cov-erslip, using Euparal  .Simulium friedlanderi Py-Daniel(Fig. 1-18)Simulium friedlanderi Py-Daniel, 1987: 331, Figs 1-31.Male (complementary information) (n = 1): generalbody color black, body length: 2.94 mm; thorax general colordark brown, lateral thorax length: 1.07 mm.  Wing length:2.52 mm, width: 1.26 mm.  Scutum black with golden reddishhairs (Fig. 18b).  Leg color pattern as the female.Female (n = 1): general body color black; body length:3.0 mm; thorax general color dark brown; lateral thorax length:1.23 mm.  Wing length: 2.85 mm, width: 1.36 mm.  Frons andocciput dark brown with silver pruinosity; clypeus grayishwith silver pruinosity; frons as large as wide; fronto-oculartriangle well developed (Fig. 1).  Antenna length: 0.5 mm;pedicel, scape and all flagellomeres pale yellowish brown(Fig. 2).  Maxillary palpus dark brown; sensory vesicle oc-cupying ¼ of palpomere III (Fig. 3), palpomere V 2.9 times aslong as palpomere IV and 2.6 times as long as palpomere III.Mandibles with 11-12 external serrations. Lacinia with 27retrorse teeth.  Cibarium without teeth (Fig. 4).  Scutum blackwith golden reddish hairs, unevenly distributed; thesegolden reddish hairs form a U letter pattern when observedwith frontal light (Figs 5, 6, 18a).  Katepisternum dark brown.Scutellum pale yellow, with brown hairs; postnotum blackwith silver pruinosity.  Wing veins yellowish brown; setaeand spines brown; Sc and R bare (Fig. 7).  Halter with basalregion brown; terminal whitish.  Fore leg with coxa, tro-chanter and femur pale yellowish brown, tibia pale yellow-ish brown with distal apex dark brown; all tarsal segmentsdark brown (Fig. 8).  Middle leg with coxa, trochanter, femur,tibia and proximal half of basitarsus pale yellowish brown,distal half of basitarsus and other tarsal segments darkbrown (Fig. 9).  Hind leg with coxa and femur pale yellowishbrown, tibia and 2/3 proximal basitarsus yellowish brownand 1/3 distal dark brown; other tarsal segments dark brown(Fig. 10).  Tarsal claws with one basal tooth (Fig. 11).  Calcipalaand pedisulcus well developed (Fig. 12).  Femur and tibiawith scale-like setae distributed among the filiform setae(Fig.13).  Abdominal sclerites brown with silver pruinosity,except tergite II that is yellowish brown.  Abdominal seg-ments ventrally whitish.  Cercus semicircular; paraproct 2.3times longer than width at its base (Fig. 14); hipogyniallobes subtriangular, without microtrichia, with internal mar-ginal area sclerotized (Fig. 15).  Genital fork (Fig. 16) withstem long and slender.  Spermatheca subspherical and bare;spermathecal duct and area of attachment unpigmented.Larva (n=13): body length: 6.44 – 7.63 mm; cephaliccapsule width: 0.63 – 0.68 mm; pos-gena length: 0.48 – 0.50mm.Pupa (n=17): dorsal length: 5.5 – 6.04 mm; ventrallength – base: 3.34 – 4.16 mm. Ventral length - anterior seg-ment: 1.46 – 1.67 mm; gills length maximum: 1.15 mm.Material examined: BRAZIL, SP, São Carlos, Córregoda Lagoa, CPPSE- EMBRAPA: 1 pinned female with pupalexuvia and cocoon; head and genitalia on permanent slidemount, 30 Aug. 2002, Pepinelli, M; 1 pinned male with pupalexuviae and cocoon; head and genitalia on permanent slidemount, 18 Sept. 2002, Pepinelli, M.; 9 pupae and 5 last-instarlarvae stored in 70% ethanol, 10 Aug. 2002, Pepinelli, M.; 8http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br3Pepinelli, M. (et al.) - Biota Neotropica, v3 (n2) - BN00203022003Fig.1-13. Simulium friedlanderi female. 1. Fronto-ocular triangle. 2. Antenna. 3. Maxillary palpus. 4. Cibarium. 5. Scutum, dorsal view. 6.Scutum, lateral view. 7. Wing. 8. Fore leg. 9. Middle leg. 10. Hind leg. 11. Tarsal claw. 12. Calcipala. 13. Filiform and scale-like setae fromlegs.http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br4Pepinelli, M. (et al.) - Biota Neotropica, v3 (n2) - BN00203022003Fig. 14 - 16. Simulium friedlanderi female. 14. Cercus and paraproct, lateral view. Fig. 15. Hipogynal lobes, lateral view. Fig. 16. Genitalfork.http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br5Pepinelli, M. (et al.) - Biota Neotropica, v3 (n2) - BN00203022003Fig. 18. Simulium friedlanderi. a. Female. b. Male.Fig. 17. Simulium friedlanderi. a. Larva. b. Pupa and cocoon.http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br6Pepinelli, M. (et al.) - Biota Neotropica, v3 (n2) - BN00203022003pupae and 8 last-instar larvae stored in 70% ethanol, 18Sept. 2002, Pepinelli, M.Ecological notesThe larvae and pupae of S. friedlanderi were col-lected in Lagoa stream near the city of São Carlos, located inarea with semidecidous forest in an enclave of Cerrado inthe central region of São Paulo State. The immature stagesof this species live attached to rocks in areas of the streamwith faster water and with complete canopy cover. Of thetotal of 48 pupae collected and reared only 2 adults wereobtained. This small number of adults obtained is explainedby the difficulty to collect the pupae from  natural substratewithout damaging them. The Lagoa stream is a first orderstream with large pebble and coarse sand bed and boldersubstrate in the small waterfall areas. Stream water had pH =7.06; electrical conductivity = 2.0 µS/s and temperature =18.3 °C.  During the fieldwork, no females were collectedbiting humans, suggesting that S. friedlanderi is not an-thropophilic.AcknowledgementsWe thank all the people who collaborated with thisstudy.ReferencesCOSCARÓN S 1987. El género Simulium Latreille en la regiónNeotropical: Análisis de los grupos supraespecíficos,especies que los integran y distribución geográfica(Simuliidae, Diptera). Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldii,Coleção Emilie Snethlage, MCT, CNPq, 111 pp.CROSSKEY, R.W. & HOWARD, T. 1997. A new taxonomicand geographical inventory of blackflies (Diptera:Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London. 144p.CROSSKEY, R.W. 2002. Second Update to the Taxonomicand Geographical Inventory of World Blackflies (Diptera:Simuliidae). The Natural History Museum, London. 14p.PY-DANIEL, V. 1987. Simuliidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) noBrasil.  V. - Sobre o Simulium (Chirostilbia) friedlanderisp. n. e revisão do Simulium (C.). laneportoi Vargas,1941. Rev. Saúde Públ., S. Paulo, 21(4): 331-341.SABROSKI, C.W. 1966. Mounting insects from alcohol. Bull.Am. Entomol. Soc. 12:349.Title: Description of Simulium (Chirostilbia)friedlanderi Py-Daniel, 1987 (Insecta: Diptera:Simuliidae) female.Authors:  Mateus Pepinelli - Susana Trivinho - StrixinoNeusa HamadaBiota Neotropica, Vol. 3 (number2): 2003ht tp : / /www.bio taneot rop ica .org .br /v3n2/p t /abstract?short-communication+BN00203022003Date Received: 03/27/2003 - Revised:  05/18/2003Accepted: 07/01/2003ISSN 1676-0611

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Description of simulium (Chirostilbia) Friedlanderi Pydaniel, 1987 (Insecta: Diptera: Simuliidae) female

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