Aspects of Nanoparticle-Targeted Therapy

Abstract

Conventional dosage forms often have disadvantages: high dose, low efficiency, toxicity, and unwanted side effects. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are characterized by modified release and can overcome these drawbacks.In many diseases, controlling the delivery and release of drugs to target tissues and organs is a challenge. The utilization of nano-sized drug-delivery systems provides a much larger surface area, affects the rate of dissolution, increases bioavailability at the site of action, and leads to a decrease in the administered dose of the medicinal product and a reduction of adverse drug reactions.The term "nanoparticles" (NPs) refers to materials with a size between 1 and 1000 nm. Nanoparticles' ability to penetrate cells faster than other macromolecules makes them suitable carriers for drug delivery systems.Peptides are attracting great interest in biomedicine as a new material that can exhibit functionalities characteristic of proteins and a high degree of modularity in molecular design.According to many researchers, combining peptides with non-biological materials (e.g., low molecular weight compounds, metal chelates, polymers, and hydrogels) is a promising approach to overcome their drawbacks (their low metabolic stability to proteolysis in the gastrointestinal tract, low levels of absorption after oral administration, decreased penetration, and rapid excretion via the liver and kidneys). The potential of NPs to conjugate with them leads to improved functions and the manifestation of synergism. As a result, conjugates of peptides with nanoparticles represent a promising platform for use in biomedicine