This 10 page thesis attempts to determine if phylogenetically any comparison is possible between variations in the blood supply of the anteriomesenteric axis in frogs and in humans

Michels, Adelle V.

English

Ursinus College

Ursinus College Digital Commons @ Ursinus College Biology Honors Papers Student Research 5-14-1952 Variations in the Anteriomesenteric Axis of the Arterial Blood Supply of the Frog Adelle V. Michels Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/biology_hon  Part of the Biology Commons Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits you. ~1ie :-'".:_->er rs"iDuc Co E ~e re1uiremsnts for :3ub'TI t te b r : ::E le \'. CG Ursinus College Library, URSINUSIANA COLLECTION Class_Q_ Box ~ -.3 eu to the facu t~ of '1 f l.L f i e ri t of e 1 norE in ~ io oc 1his ~erk ~s undert en i n of der to det en ine if Jhylo-genet i call en com ~ ri son was :JOSsi ole he t ween v· r i a.tions in hhe bl ood su oly of this e re 2 i n the frog c:md in E' n . ne hundr ed En thirty nine s cedinene were di seated End dr wn , nd u oon t hem re oa.s ed t he ercenta ·es i n t h i s article . All i nf or ·~p ti on on the coeli a c axi of an was gained from t he ext ensive researc of r. hchol 2s ichel , ProfeE or of natom of Jefferson ~e i cal Coll ge , Phileciel phi c . _ all c~s es , t~ coeli i co - 1elenteric ~ rtery of the f r og ' ra ce P S co.i.r..o trun ~ f r o t he dors c: l e.orta . r;1 his r rter bif rc ~ te s to form the oel i c c an: _nterior ie s e teric arteries . nhe coeli ac alwe'S gives off t he left gestri c a s its first branch . ontr?e t t his constent p~tt ern vith the t oes of coeliac £ i s t e t occur i n na n . T P - He~atolienog&e t ric trun - 29~ n 64 . 5~ of these ceRes the left g~stric i s ~iven off fir s t .an t he trun then b ifurcFt es into sul enic pnd co on he ti c . B. 13% E· Ve c; su0ernume r ary br anch - usuc lly the dorsal pEnc r eati c or colic branch • . ll . 5fo heve en additional hepa t o - me s ent eri c t runk . - 2 -22 . fo have the _ri od of Baller pP tter i n whi ch the t hree rt eries come of f t oge t her forr..ino; , co>. _. tr x1~: . . ~ o t hes e have a fourth ~rte ry coming off t t he s ~ e oi nt f rc i ng a tet rR9od . Thi s artery is ~susll the do sal c ncre~tic. ~he left g~stric now co •es fro. the a.or t , splenic hepato esent eric or hepato ga.s tric trunk riic be pr esent. - lepatolienornesent er ic t run he lef t g9s t r ic mow a r ises from the aorta rs the ole co onent of t he coeli ac. ____ v - e qto ga.s tric t r n - 1 . 5% A.. h i s trunk is acco panied b a. lieno - .esenteri c trunk or hepe t o - l i eno . esenter ic t runk . Y E V - Lienog2str ic trunk - 5. 5% he he a tic noH 2ri s s fror:i the ao rte or suJerio r mesent eri c . oelia co esenteric tr · k - r~re he he~a tic, left gestr ic , splenic , and superior mesenteri c ~rteries coLpoce thi ~ trunk . - 3 -Y? " Vl oel i ~ c colic tr~nk - rere n he he_ e,tic , left gr etric , S)lenic , end i ddle or left colic 2re fused in this tyoe . h~ colics in t is c~se -re really enl2r~ed do r se l .e ncreBtics w~ich s ~-1 then ncreas nd l e r e intestine . ln t r ~ cing the t nterior wesent erics in the frog , it wes fo n th ·· t t he s l enic - Tose in t hree Wc.ys : 1 . _s the first br .... nch of the ante :-c i or esenteri c which t hereaf ter bifurc etes into one rr t er s _plying the uo enu 11 · n c. mall i nte tine e.nd Emother artery s pJlying the l rr~e intestine . 2 . s third gemer .tion brF nch of the ant erior mese t eric . 3. As one br~ nch in tri ood br~nching of the enterior nesenteri c . - ·- ... ~,. t"l.S<'>. - e. ---~ ~bAl..L j I N'T£5 Tttltk I ----- L-A~G<'"-·~T ... STtWE... - - - - - Pvo~£...,,..L.. Sl...?o -- 4 -mhe S)lenic never Er i ses from t he coelia c i n t e frog , where a i n man in 1 . 510 of c.,l l ce ses oes the s9lenic eve r :::-rise fro en c- rtery other t r_Fn the coelic:c . In t h i s i .5/; o hwne n c 2s e s the s , lenic c rises with the super i or mesenter ic ( .nterior 2s the lieno - mesent er ic trunk or c: s hep to -l i enel - .esenteric t run . The suJerior mesenteric (ant er-. ior ) of Lo"n us 211 ar i ses E1 lone from t he a.ort ?. t a. noint below t he coeliac . he lef t gE s tric ertery of the frog 7f!S F.l ", s t he i i ra t branch off t he coeliac . Thi s a rtery s ~90l i es the left s t or: a.ch wa.11 a.nd t he pa.ncrea s . From three to el even ra.nches c: r e sent to t :_e sto. ech wa.11 wi th s i to seven branches being t he u s u ::> l n01'!1oer . The Re brpnches we r e ver of t en p2 i red , and t he p a irs were usu lly evenly sn2ced . 3r a ches (none to s i x ) we =e sent to the pr nc recs with one or t wo occuring 111os t corn11_onl . 'he left g< s ·· i c o r the f rog co ll'.p8res f a.vorably with t h : t of ' ci.n i r E rising as the f irs t brci.nch of the coel i e c . onl ,,,. . 5(1~ of the c a c-es i n r!an c.i. tl e lef t g"' stric eve r : r i se f r o ~ ny a rt e ry exce _t t he coeliac . ' he l e ~t gEs tric i aS t hen de rived directly fro the e or t a , sJl en ic, or he? ~ tic . n 22 : 5'/~ of the n - r m .1 axi s t ypes , he:Pc tolieno r: stri c trunks , in man the · lel. t er s tri c , how ver , a rose f t the Tr i 'JO - of LE lle r ins t e~d of being the ~ irs t branch of the coeliac . - 5 -The coeliFc ert ery of the fro g , a fter g i ving off the l ef t gcstric , con tinues ventr211y ;nhe re it usucll b i furc a tes i nto the hepatic e nd ~ ight grstric a rte rie s . · r2nches fr o _ the coeli r c before reaching the hephtic ere found 2s t a.bu.l e: t ed . Jo , of b r anc he s 2 . l.~ • 1 2 4 No . of 46 6 26 10 1 S'.)ecimens Percenta.ge - l ' _, ) . /0 4 o.l • ./. ;a 1 ::-, . 7~1a 7. 2,~ 0 7:;1 • ;o ne brc: nch of t h is ··Jc-.rt o f the coeli a.c , e t lee s t, c.l ways sup)l ie the 'Jf ncre.c,s ~ nd course.d a.long the p2.nc re :: tic duct to the duodenu, vr.he r e it 8na.s t on;osed -;-i t h duo encl a rteries . f t wo branches·~ere 9re ~ ent off t he coelia c, one wc:: s the transverse a.ncre2.tic vrhile the second SU'J;l ied the Jc.ncre2 s or corr.men bile duct . Distri ·)ut;i on i s shovm in follo Ping cha.r t : - - -••IE.W"°'""T IC. -, <. . ' 'I• ( "'3) 7. 7.. , ... ('fC) - 6 -1hree branches showed t he follow i ng distri·ution : TO LtJ~G -H, (I) rtQ..UP.E.. 3: !)lST.-tt&ll'rtOfl..I Or &RA.~HIL.S Of" UE..'-'AC. AP.T50-"V OF V~OG ne case 1 s fo und in ''hi ch a branch of the coeli ac traveled to the apex of the l ung . The closes t co r r ele ti on to t his fi ndi ng i n m2n i s the left i nf e rior ... hrenic which comes off the coeli ac to su.:nl t he left s i de of the di a.ohre.gm an ' Jasses unaer the esophagus ~ivi ng a recurrent branch t o the cc r~ioeso ph~geEl end of the ato f Ch . he ain ~&ncre a tic br ?nch of tti s ? ~ rt of t he co e11 ~ c c; rtery in the frog corre s :Jonds t o the t1· c.nsverse pc-,ncree tic in man . This a rter in men is a bra nch of t he dorsal pancrea tic which usually co es fr om the splenic but may othe r 111 i se be a. brqnch of the he;? ti c , co eli ac , or suue rior mesenteric . - 7 -The hepa ti c 8rtery i n the f r og showed great v r i a t ion . Com onl , the re W<?S a single hear.t ic w~i ch r a.n up t he c ommon bile duct int o the live r subs t ance , giving off a cys ti c rtery t o the grll bladder a t some 9oint ~long i t s course . Some hepati c s we re bifurcate a t or ne2r the base i nto cys t ic and hepa t i c a rt er ies . n t hese c c: ses t he cyst ic i'\78. S t o t he r i ciht of t ne hepatic fr o a vent r al veiw . as e s were found in or 1•hich the hepa tic c e: . e of f 2 br2nch of f r o a tri -ood br·r:.nchi ng wi t h t he r i ght 7,).. ?t> (JO) ;P·t-W, ~ C.Olt.l.. IAC.. : / MEPAllC. ' / ~~ P.1<:.11:T c-.:s.TRI<. t he ri .ht gPs t ri c . ~IQ.v~f:-S' : 'fA~ll"\TtO~S I~ HE.? ",- •C. A~T~R'i oF FR.OQ gast r ic wE n the he a t ic i s v r i ed even mor e so t h2n in t he f r og . ases of 2ccessory hepc t ics or br := nches of the comn.on heoa t i c c r i sing fr o different t run s r re numerous . I n onl .5% of the ce.ses does o art of t he he-oci tic a r i s e fr o t he coe i ~ c axis . he hepb ti c t hen 2r i ses di rectly f r o, t he ao rt a or f r om t he u eri or mesen t eric . Accessory hep c: to esent eric nd he9 E. t ogas t r i c t runks c: re often f ound . he cystic art er of i an i s us ual l a br2.nch of t he Ti gh t hepc tic arte r y . - 8 -1he ri ght gps tric ~ s t he ot he r bifurca ted end bi anch of t he coel i c hes v ~ ri e ti ons ue t o t he uns e ttled hep2tic . s ti c ~ rt er i e s ~ft en ari s e f r on it . JJ., 33'1" (C ) -i._,/ 7'fc ()) o. -nfo(I) Ff'1U'"'-lii- ' ~ \fAAlillTIOtJ~ 1114 .-.\0.f'iT 0."S'TR~'- Afll..~"-tl."l OF F~OG , efdre the ri ,h t g~s t ric bifur c2t e s nd goes to suryoly t he r i ght s i e of t e s t o e ch i t occ i onally gi ve s off bre nche . The br enche s occ r n the f ol l owi g fr equenci es : l . 2 . 3 . 4. o . of brc nches 0 2 4 No . of sueci r. ens 111 20 7 1 Pe r cent a.ge go . 2% 1 4 . 5,~ 5. I /0 0 . l fo f one br anch only wa.s given off by the ri ght g: ,s tric it s ) lie e ither t he conmon. b "le uct or pBncreas . / , C::...o . - 9 -The r~ ght gestric of man never e L, ts c:s ci br anch of t he coeli c but is suall a br~ ch of some , a r t of the he a.ti c . 1 . 2 . 3 . 5. 40°0 4 , I 5. 5 10 . 5 1~ e.o fro the fro n the from t he f rom the from the co· on he at ic left he ... tic right he oa.tic middle hep tic g1: stro - duoden .1 n sum e. ry it may be conclude t h2. t some a rterdl.es of the rrog and man co.p~red favorably . The ori gin of t e le f t gastric, t he exi s t ence of a trensverse 9ancrea tic, aad t he numerous variatio s of the hep tic rtery in the fr og ant -icipEte these conditi ons in man . The rel tionship of t he splenic nd right gestric arteries in the t ' 0 .nimels is no t ns cl ec r . oweve r , in any cas e , t he complexit of the coelia c axis of rr .. n i,1 i hit s r ical i r.,li cFtions a.nd re se ctional difficul ti es is definitely fo rshadowed as f r r do rm the scc,le of evolution 8 8 t he s i m le fro g . _ - £~T. CA"O"l'IO ----- ,.,..,._c"""-""'f'O -r-----..·-- - -~·•T•• c;,a.,....,~ - ~4'T,9\ •11U!.Oll$ - fUl.kO~U T~~l£,OU~ PU ... t'\ON /\f\'/ SUac..a.A.v ,~,., ~ £v-s ·n~tc\ic. - - - -- CO'tC.l"'CO-l"\tt'i£1l4T£RIC.. P• - ___ oo~~"~ Aoa.-rA. '1..1 ~c.. ARTE RlAl- BLOOD SU f>P1-Y o t= F R06 - -PA"C~~Jl\S - -5TO"AC.l-\ 

Variations in the Anteriomesenteric Axis of the Arterial Blood Supply of the Frog

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Variations in the Anteriomesenteric Axis of the Arterial Blood Supply of the Frog

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