DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN COCOA BEAN AND SOILS ALONG TOPOSEQUENCE OF COCOA PLANTATIONS

Abstract

This study was conducted in April, 2018 to evaluate the relationships between Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in cocoa beanand in soils along a toposequence of cocoa-growing areas of Abia State, Nigeria. Twelve composite soil samplesand 10 plant tissues (leaves and cocoa pods) were randomly collected from twelve (12) different cocoaplantations along a toposequence (crests, upper, middle, lower and bottom) for laboratory analyses. Theconcentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in both plant tissues and soils were determined. Results showed that the soilswere sandy clay loam, strongly acidic, low in organic matter and sufficient in the four heavy metals contents. Thecontent of coca-cola extractable Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in soils, cocoa bean and leaf varied significantly along the soiltoposequence. The bioavailability of the metals in soils and in plant tissues were in the order: Cu>Zn>Fe>Mn,while, the comparative abundance of the four metals followed the order: cocoa bean > leaves > soil. Significantpositive relationships were also established between the metals in cacao tissues and corresponding levels ofbioavailability in soils. This suggests that, the primary source of the heavy metals in cocoa beans could be linkedto its primary uptake from the soils and secondary from the leaf sprayed with metals containing pesticides. Thisresult can possibly be used as predictive parameter for evaluating Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn levels in cacao bean andcocoa products

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