Treatment of dorsally migrated lumbar disc described so far commonly in present literature is removal by open technique through hemi or complete laminectomy or by use of microsurgical technique or by partial use of endoscope without use of irrigation system. We present a case of dorsally migrated disc herniation treated safely with good outcome by Percutaneous Full Endoscopic Ligamentum Flavum Splitting Interlaminar Approach. A 60 years old man presented with subacute onset of back pain and right leg radiating pain with weakness of right great toe dorsiflexion and diagnosed as a case of dorsally migrated L4-5 disc herniation was treated with this technique. He had also subtle instability at that level.His pain resolved immediately after surgery. Weakness of right great toe also resolved gradually in 2 months. Postoperative X-ray showed no further instability. Postoperative MRI revealed complete removal of disc with resolution of cauda equina compression. No complication was noted related to this technique. This new technique ultimately preserves motion segment while simultaneously addressing symptomatic pathology of dorsally migrated HNP with added benefits of minimally invasive spine surgery

Byapak Paudel

Hyeun Sung Kim

Il-Tae Jang

Jee Soo Jang

Seong Hoon Oh

Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique

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JMISST Journal of Minimally Invasive SpineSurgery and Technique 2(1):35-38, 2017 eISSN 2508-2043https://doi.org/10.21182/jmisst.2017.00171www.jmisst.orgCase ReportCopyright© 2017 The Korean Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery SocietyThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Percutaneous Full Endoscopic Ligamentum Flavum Splitting Interlaminar Approach for Removal of Dorsally Migrated Lumbar Disc Herniation: A case Report with Technical NoteHyeun Sung Kim1, Byapak Paudel1, Jee Soo Jang1, Seong Hoon Oh2, Il-Tae Jang31Department of Neurosurgery, Nanoori Suwon Hospital, Suwon, 2Department of Neurosurgery, Nanoori Incheon Hospital, Incheon,3Department of Neurosurgery, Nanoori Hospital, Seoul, KoreaCorresponding Author:Byapak Paudel, MD, MS, Fellowship in Spine SurgeryDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nanoori Suwon Hospital, 295, Jungbu-daero, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, KoreaTel: +82-31-1688-9797Fax: +82-31-8065-9701E-mail: drbyapak@gmail.comReceived: December 8, 2016Revised: March 13, 2017Accepted: March 22, 2017Treatment of dorsally migrated lumbar disc described so far commonly in present literature is removal by open technique through hemi or complete laminectomy or by use of microsurgical technique or by partial use of endoscope without use of irrigation system. We present a case of dorsally migrated disc herniation treated safely with good outcome by Percutaneous Full Endoscopic Ligamentum FlavumSplitting Interlaminar Approach. A 60 years old man presented with subacute onset of back pain and right leg radiating pain with weakness of right great toe dorsiflexion and diagnosed as a case of dorsally migrated L4-5 disc herniation was treated with this technique.  He had also subtle instability at that level.His pain resolved immediately after surgery. Weakness of right great toe also resolved gradually in 2 months. Postoperative X-ray showed no further instability. Postoperative MRI revealed complete removal of disc with resolution of cauda equina compression. No complication was noted related to this technique. This new technique ultimately preserves motion segment while simulta-neously addressing symptomatic pathology of dorsally migrated HNP with added benefits of minimally invasive spine surgery.Key Words: Dorsally migrated lumbar disc herniation, Ligamentum flavum splitting interlaminar ap-proach, Percutaneous full endoscopic removal, Subtle instabilityINTRODUCTIONIn 1973, Lombardi first reported a case of posterior epidural migration of a lumbar disc fragment and described the lesion as a “posterior rotation of annulus fibrosus”13). However, Lichtor has claimed that his paper is the first reported case of a lumbar disc herniation with migration to the posterior aspect of the caudal sac12). Dorsally migrated lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus is very rare entity but not uncommon and are reported as isolated case report and series. To our knowledge only less than 65 dorsally migrated discs has been described in literature till date4,7,9).Dorsally migrated disc herniation poses challenges from diag-nosis to treatment methods3,10) because it  mimics with many other problems like epidural haematoma18), tumor1,5,7,8), facetal cyst17,20), infection18). Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical examination, imaging, labarotary tests as an exclusion. MRI is choice of imaging2,6,14).Treatment modality mostly being practiced for dorsally mi-grated lumbar disc at present is open surgey1-3,5,6,10,12-14,16,17,19,20). There is single case report of endoscopic removal11 of dorsally migrated lumbar disc but with laminotomy and ligamentum fla-vum excision and it is not percutaneous full endoscopic technique.We treated this condition of dorsally migrated lumbar disc in presence of subtle instability in 60 years old man presented with subacute onset (2 weeks) of low back pain and right leg radiating pain with weakness of right great toe dorsiflexion by a full endoscopic technique called Percutaneous Full Endosco- pic Ligamentum Flavum Splitting Interlaminar Approach sparing ligamentum flavum  with successful outcome.This technique not only addresses symptomatic pathology caused by dorsally migrated HNP but also simultaneously pre-serves motion segments. We want to share our case with this case report.Hyeun Sung Ki, et al.36   www.jmisst.orgFig. 1. Preoperative imaging. Preoperative X-ray of LS spine with Pelvis AP Ⓐ and Dynamic LS spine lateral views in Flexionand Extension (Ⓑ and Ⓒ) showing subtle anterior wedging (arrow). Preoperative axial CT of L4-5 segment (Ⓓ and Ⓔ) showinghuge disc herniation in spinal canal epidural space (arrow). Preoperative MRI sagittal Ⓕ and axial Ⓖ showing huge dorsallymigrated disc (encircled in sagittal film) with significant canal compromise (arrow in axial film).Fig. 2. Intraoperative photograph of endoscopic view of disc fragment removal. Ⓐ Limgamentum flavum splitting: a. ligamen-tum flavum, b. epidural space, Ⓑ Removal of dorsally migrated HNP: a. ligamentum flavum, b. dorsally migrated HNP, ⒸConfirmation and sealing of torn annulus fibrosus: a. ligamentum flavum, b. torn annulus fibrosus.CASE REPORTA 60 years old otherwise healthy gentle man presented after 2 weeks of gradual onset of symptoms with complaint of low back pain (LBP) associated with right leg pain and weakness of right great toe dorsiflexion without any significant history of trauma. He had no medical co morbidity He was thoroughly examined and investigated. His LBP and leg pain in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was 5/10 and 8/10 respectively. He had weakness of right toe dorsiflexion with grade 3/5 in Medical Research Council (MRC) grade. SLRT was 45 degrees on right side, 80 degrees on left side. X-rays revealed subtle instability in L4-5 in flexion and extension as subtle anterior wedging (Fig. 1A, 1B, 1C). CT revealed huge disc posteriorly (Fig. 1D, 1E). MRI showed a huge mass dorsal to dura at L4-5 level and it was compressing the dura (Fig. 1F, 1G). Working diagnosis of dorsally migrated disc with subtle instability was made on the basis of clinical presentation, imaging findings and laboratory tests. He was treated with Percutaneous Full Endoscopic Liga- mentum Flavum Splitting Interlaminar Approach sparing liga-mentum flavum (Fig. 2). A huge disc was removed. Final diagnosis of dorsally migrated disc was made with retrieval of disc material by endoscope. His pain resolved immediately after surgery. Weakness of right great toe also resolved gradually in 2 months. Postoperative X-ray showed no further instability (Fig. 3A,3B). Postoperative MRI revealed complete removal of disc with reso-lution of cord compression (Fig. 3C, 3D). No complication was noted related to this technique.Endoscopic Structural Preserving Removal of Dorsally Migrated Lumbar Disc HerniationJMISST 2(1) June 2017 37Fig. 3. Postoperative imaging. Ⓐ, Ⓑ: Post operative X-ray LS spine with Pelvis AP Ⓐ and LS spine lateral view Ⓑ. Ⓒ, Ⓓ:Postoperative MRI showing complete removal of dorsally migrated disc (Spinal canal free now, encircled) and preservation of ligamentum flavum and lamina (arrow).DISCUSSION1. Description of Surgical TechniquePatient was placed over Wilson frame with proper padding after epidural anaesthesia. Drapping was done then.Discography was then performed with indigo carmine mixed with radiopaque dye using a transforaminal approach at L4-5 to delineate patho-logical disc. The standard endoscopic interlaminar discectomy approach as drescribed in literature at L4-5 level was followed. But it was slightly modified for ligamentum flavum management. After insertion of endoscope, obstructing muscle and fat were removed to visualize the ligamentum flavum. Vertical splitting of ligamentum flavum was then performed using a dissector. The bevel of a working channel was inserted into the splitted ligamentum flavum and rotated to widen the opening, while simultaneously entering into the epidural space (Fig. 2). Dorsally migrated disc was then removed. Annular sealing was done following herniation path to annulus.Lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) usually migrates to superior, inferior or lateral in anterior epidural space. But very uncommonly it migrates to posterior epidural space. Poste- rior migration of herniated nucleus pulposus is uncommon be-cause there are natural anatomic barriers between anterior and posterior epidural space15,19).Treatment of dorsally migrated HNP described so far com-monly in present literature is removal by open technique through hemi or complete laminectomy1-3,5,6,10,12-14,16,17,19,20). In one paper there is use of microsurgical technique16 and there is one another paper where endoscope11) was used but with sacrifice of liga-mentum flavum and part of lamina and this is not a full endoscopic technique because it has not used irrigation system.This case is presented here because Percutaneous full endo-scopic procedure is a minimally invasive anatomic approach with visualization of important structure with magnification. Usually in conventional approach ligament flavum and part of lamina are sacrificed. But ligamentum flavum and lamina should be preserved as far as possible because these are motion preserv-ing stabilizing structure of spine. Importance of our technique weighs more when there is subtle instability in the motion segment.Removal of dorsally migrated HNP sparing ligamentum flavum (ligament flavum splitting) by full endoscopic technique is feasible and safe. This techniques not only addresses symptomatic pathol-ogy caused by dorsally migrated HNP but also simultaneously preserves motion segments and provides added benefits of mini-mal invasive spine surgery. Moreover our patient recovered well after this endoscopic procedure completely with no complication.To our knowledge this is probably a first case of dorsally migrated lumbar disc in the world which has been treated with percutaneous full endoscopic technique and preservation of ligamentum flavum. We believe that future of removal of dorsally migrated lumbar disc herniation  is full percutaneous endoscopic in term of benefits of minimal invasive spine surgery and early recovery.Previous Presentation in Conference: Presented in Asia Spine and KNS conference 2016.IRB approval: Received from Nanoori Hospital IRB board.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe would like to acknowledge scientific team members Ms. JaeEun Park and Ms Sol Lee for providing assistance in acquiring full text articles and managing digital works.REFERENCES 1. Ajayi O, Shoakazemi A, Tubbs RS, Moisi M, Rostad S, Newell DW: Atypical Presentation of a Sequestered Posterolateral Disc Fragment. Cureus 8(2):e502, 2016; doi:10.7759/cureus.502.Hyeun Sung Ki, et al.38   www.jmisst.org 2. Babayev R, Ekşi EE, Kazımov A, Ekşi MŞ: A common pathology in an uncommon location:posterior migrated epidural disc her- niation. Spine J 16(9):e583-584, 2016 3. BonarotiEA, Welch WC. 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Percutaneous Full Endoscopic Ligamentum Flavum Splitting Interlaminar Approach for Removal of Dorsally Migrated Lumbar Disc Herniation: A case Report with Technical Note

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Percutaneous Full Endoscopic Ligamentum Flavum Splitting Interlaminar Approach for Removal of Dorsally Migrated Lumbar Disc Herniation: A case Report with Technical Note

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