Herrmann, Susan Strange

Poulsen, Mette Erecius

Online Research Database In Technology

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Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Jun 17, 2018Levels of perchlorate and chlorate in foods avaliable in DenmarkHerrmann, Susan Strange; Poulsen, Mette EreciusPublication date:2018Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Herrmann, S. S., & Poulsen, M. E. (2018). Levels of perchlorate and chlorate in foods avaliable in Denmark.Poster session presented at 12th European Pesticide Residue Workshop, Münich, Germany.Levels of perchlorate and chlorate in foods available in Denmark Background: Sources of both perchlorate and chlorate in food may be multiple though chlorinated water used for irrigation/washing/blanching/ disinfection is meant to be an important and primary source of perchlorate and chlorate in foods, respectively. In Denmark 100% of the water supply is covered by groundwater which is only filtered and aired (thus no chlorination). Consequently the risk of water being a source of perchlorate and chlorate is low. This makes Denmark unique among European countries (Fig. 1).  The aim of this study was to gain data on  the occurrence of per- chlorate and chlorate in products of Danish origin.      Results: High risk commodities were collected and analysed in  2014-2017. A total of 119 (89 domestic, 29 foreign) were analysed for perchlorate (sampling period 2014-2017). Additionally, 77 of the samples from 2016-2017 (48 domestic, 29 foreign) were analysed for chlorate (LOQ 0.01 mg/kg). Figure 2 illustrate that the frequency with which perchlorate and chlorate were found (≥0.01 mg/kg) generally were higher among non-domestic samples than among domestic samples. The number of foreign samples were low but the frequency of positive perchlorate findings are in line with the findings of e.g. Arcella et al. 2017(2) and Vejdovszky et al. 2018(3) (Table 1). Roughly 40% of the foreign samples in the present study were found to contain chlorate (≥0.01 mg/kg) compared to roughly 14% of domestic samples. The high frequency of chlorate in foreign samples are in line with findings presented in EFSA Journal 2015;13(6):4135. No clear difference in the levels perchlorate or chlorate found in domestic vs non-domestic samples are indicated (Fig. 3).  Conclusion: The presented results strongly indicate that the frequency with which perchlorate and chlorate are found in commodities of Danish origin generally is lower than in commodities of foreign origin. This may be related to the fact that the water supply in Denmark is based 100% on non-chlorinated groundwater.                                                                                         Susan Strange Herrmann and Mette Erecius Poulsen DTU, National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. e-mail: sher@food.dtu.dk  (1): Iwa, 2010. International Statistics for Water Services. Water Supply, p.20.  (2): Arcella, D., Eskola, M. & Gómez Ruiz, J.A., 2016. EFSA Journal, 14(12). https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/5043. (3): Vejdovszky, K. et al., 2018. Food Addit Contam Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment, 35(4), pp.623–631. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2018.1426889. * Value if the finding of 0.69, which was exceptionally high, is excluded. ^ Leaf vegetables (Lettuce, rocket, field salad, mixed leaf salad)    Figure 2: Number of samples with residues of perchlorate  and chlorate ≥0.01 mg/kg and <0.01 mg/kg. Sampling were performed in 2014-2017 for perchlorate and in 2016-2017 for chlorate.  Figure 3: Levels of perchlorate ≥0.01 mg/kg in found in samples from 2014-2017.  Figure 1: Sources of water covering the supply in varies EU countries (1).           Extraction by QuPPe method:                   Instrument setup: • Analysis on Water/Bruker LC(ESI)-MSMS • Chromatographic separation on a Hypercarb       column (100x2.1, 5 µm) • Column primed w. multiple injections of spinach       extract • Injection volume 5 µl, flow rate 0.4 ml/min • To avoid source contamination resulting in decrea-      sing sensitivity, water was injected between each      analysis (Waters system) or source exhaust was      turned on (Bruker) • LOQ: 0.01 mg/kg for both perchlorate and chlorate       10 gram homogenous sample Add ceramic homogeniser and shake 1 min. Add ILIS (18O3 Chlorate and 18O4 Perchlorate) Centrifuge (5 min at 4500 g) Dilute the extract w. eluent A (1:1 or more to reduce matrix interferences) and filter Add 10 ml  methanol w. 1% formic acid LC(ESI neg)-MS/MS w. Hypercarb                        LC gradient programme Time (min) Eluent A (%) (water w. 1% acetic acid) Eluent B (%) (methanol w. 1% acetic acid) 0 95 5 14 95 5 18 100 0 19 50 50 23 50 50 MRM transistion (quant, qual) Compound Quantifier Qualifier Chlorate 83.00 > 67.00 85.00 > 69.00 Chlorate, 18O3  89.00 > 71.00 Perchlorate 99.00 > 83.00  101.00 > 85.00 Perchlorate, 18O4 107.00 > 89.00 Perchlorate in samples of Danish origin Perchlorate in samples originating from other EU countries Positive findings reported by others (%) Commodity No. samples analysed Positive findings ≥LOQ (%) Average of positive findings (mg/kg) No. samples analysed Positive findings  ≥LOQ (%) Average of positive findings (mg/kg) Cucumber 22 9% 0.03 5 20% 0.03 37% (2) Herbs 8 63% 0.05 5 80% 0.06 60% (2) Lettuce 23 22% 0.20 (0.06)* 5 60% 0.05   42%^ (3) Spinach 4 0% 0.00 9 67% 0.04 51% (2) Tomato 25 0% 0.00 5 0% 0.00   7% (3) Table 1: Findings of perchlorate in commodities of which more than two samples have been analysed. 

Levels of perchlorate and chlorate in foods avaliable in Denmark

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Levels of perchlorate and chlorate in foods avaliable in Denmark

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