Ultrastrong Carbon Nanotubes–Copper Core–Shell Wires with Enhanced Electrical and Thermal Conductivities as High-Performance Power Transmission Cables

Abstract

Demands for high-performance electrical power transmission cables continue to rise, especially for offshore power transmission, electric vehicles, portable electronics, and deployable military applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)–Copper (Cu) core–shell wire is regarded as one of the best candidate material systems for transmitting electricity and thermal energy. In this study, a facile and robust approach was developed to enhance the CNT–Cu interfacial interactions. This approach consists of a substrate-enhanced electroless deposition step for Cu pre-seeding and thiol functionalization. Benefiting from the thiol-activated CNT surface and Cu seed deposit, the CNTs–Cu core–shell wire forms a densely packed Cu shell with a void-free CNT–Cu interface. Consequently, the CNTs–Cu core–shell wire possesses (1) superior specific strength (eightfold stronger), (2) 30% higher specific conductivity, (3) 120% higher specific ampacity, and (4) an impressive 110% higher thermal conductivity compared with pure Cu wires. Moreover, this composite wire still maintains its structural integrity and electrical properties over 600 cycles of the fatigue bending test, rendering this system an excellent candidate for high-performance electrical cable and conductor applications