Cancer is one of the major health problems around the globe and the number of cancer are also get larger day by day. In this 21st century 3 out 10 may get cancer, says WHO. There are several medicines available for the treatment of various types of cancer but no drug is found to be fully effective and safe. Ayurveda, the oldest Indian medicine system is known from very early times for preventing or suppressing various tumors using the natural medicine. Cancer was mentioned in Ayurveda as a Arbuda it is mentioned in detail by Acharya Sushruta. Ayurveda has mentioned various life-style carcinogens. A high fat diet, fast food, packed food, sedentary lifestyle, stress, alcohol and smoking are either causative or an aggravating factor (Nidan) in most of the cancer incidence. AaharVihar mostly plays a decisive role in ancient healing method and theories. It often plays a role in modern society. However, 30-50 percentage of all cancer cases are preventable by a healthy diet and lifestyle in accordance with the world cancer research fund (WCRF) cancer prevention

Dr. Jyoti Dhakad

Dr. Pankaj Gupta

Dr. Shiba data Panda

English

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS)

                                                      REVIEW ARTICLE Jan-Feb 2021  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Jan - Feb  2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 1 96  Diet and lifestyle for the prevention of the cancer care Dr. Jyoti Dhakad1, Dr. Pankaj Gupta2, Dr. Shiba data Panda3 1Post Graduate Scholar, 2Associate Professor, 3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Rachna Sharir, Pt. Khusilal Sharma Govt. (Auto.) Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA.                    INTRODUCTION Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of the 20th century and spreading further with continuous and increasing incidence in 21st century. Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths, or one in six deaths, in 2018. Between 30%-50% of cancer deaths could be prevented by modifying or avoiding key risk factors and implementing existing evidence-based prevention strategies. The cancer burden can also be reduced through early detection of cancer and management of  Address for correspondence:  Dr. Jyoti Dhakad Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of Rachna Sharir, Pt. Khusilal Sharma Govt. (Auto.) Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA. E-mail: jyotidhakad22@gmail.com  Submission Date: 09/01/2021 Accepted Date: 04/02/2021 Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.jaims.in  Published by Maharshi Charaka Ayurveda Organization, Vijayapur, Karnataka (Regd) under the license CC-by-NC-SA patients who develop cancer.[1] Recently, a greater emphasis has been given towards the researches on complementary and alternative medicine that deals with cancer management. Several studies have been conducted on herbs. For example, Hartwell [2] has collected data on about 3000 plants, those of which possess anticancer properties and subsequently been used as potent anticancer drugs.[3] The word Cancer is derived from the Greek meaning ‘CRAB’ which was used in Medical sciences for long time as mere technical term ‘CANKER’ applied to eroding ulcers. W. R. Belt suggested that the terminology of cancer is used for its adherence with such obstinacy to the part i.e., like a crab and cannot be separated from each other. Earliest and foremost record could be seen in Atharva Veda, where the disease was nomenclature as “Apachit”.  In the later swelling at different places in the body.[4] CANCER AYURVEDIC CONCEPT According to the oldest companion of the Indian medicine science i.e. Charaka[5] and Sushruta Samhita[6] two well-known classics describe cancer as inflammatory or non-inflammatory swelling and A B S T R A C T  Cancer is one of the major health problems around the globe and the number of cancer are also get larger day by day. In this 21st century 3 out 10 may get cancer, says WHO. There are several medicines available for the treatment of various types of cancer but no drug is found to be fully effective and safe. Ayurveda, the oldest Indian medicine system is known from very early times for preventing or suppressing various tumors using the natural medicine. Cancer was mentioned in Ayurveda as a Arbuda it is mentioned in detail by Acharya Sushruta. Ayurveda has mentioned various life-style carcinogens. A high fat diet, fast food, packed food, sedentary lifestyle, stress, alcohol and smoking are either causative or an aggravating factor (Nidan) in most of the cancer incidence.  Aahar-Vihar mostly plays a decisive role in ancient healing method and theories. It often plays a role in modern society. However, 30-50 percentage of all cancer cases are preventable by a healthy diet and lifestyle in accordance with the world cancer research fund (WCRF) cancer prevention.  Key words: Cancer, Arbuda, Aahar, Vihar. Dr. Jyoti Dhakad et al. Diet and lifestyle for the prevention of the cancer care ISSN: 2456-3110                                                       REVIEW ARTICLE Jan-Feb 2021  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Jan - Feb  2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 1 97  stated them as Granthi (minor neoplasm) or Arbuda (major neoplasm). In Ayurveda classics, Vata, Pitta and Kapha are mutually coordinate to perform the normal function of the body. In benign neoplasm Vata, Pitta and Kapha one or two of the three system get out of control and is not so much harmful because body is still trying to coordinate among these systems. In malignant tumors Tridoshaja are very much harmful because all three major bodily system lose mutual coordination and cannot prevent tissue damage. Resulting in deadly morbid condition.[7] Classification Ayurvedic classification of neoplasm depends on various clinical symptoms in relation to Tridoshaj. ▪ Group 1:  Diseases that can be named as clear malignancy which include Arbuda and Granthi, e.g., Mamsarbuda (Melanoma) and Rakta Arbuda (leaukaemia), Mukharbuda (oral cancer) etc. ▪ Group 2:  Diseases that can be considered as cancer such as incurable ulcer with e.g., Tridosaj Gulmas (abdominal tumors Like carcinomas of the stomach and liver or lymphomas). ▪ Group 3: Diseases with the possibility of malignancy, e.g. Visarpa (erysipelas), Asadhya Kamala (incurable jaundice) and Nadi Vrana (sinusitis).[8,9] Etiopathogenesis of Arbuda According to Ayurvedic principle the disease cannot be named on its own because it differs between persons in terms of illness clinical presentation and also the treatment required does pathogenesis in Ayurveda is explained on the basis of three Doshaj agony and bitter which is present in each and every cell is responsible for diagnosis and metabolism in human body the decrease in Agni is inversely proportional to the related tissue and therefore in Aarbuda. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned that due to excess of Kapha, Arbuda does not suppurate.[10] Cancer originates due to metabolic crisis e.g., aggravating of Vata forces and suppression of the Kapha forces both interacting with one another resulting in proliferation. However, the abnormal cancerous growth at a specific organ is managed by compensation from other part of body example - body weight loss (cachexia) Sushruta has proposed six stages in pathogenesis of all diseases but concept suits more to the pathology of tumor than pathogenesis itself. 1. Sanchaya - early stage of localized neoplastic changes 2. Prakopa - transformation of primary growth (metastatic tumor)  3. Prasara - metastasis 4. Sthansanshraya - complete metastasis and secondary growth  5. Vyakta - clinical sign and symptoms are expressed 6. Bheda - Differentiation of growth occurs on basis of histopathology.[11] Prognosis of cancer  Based on the prognosis of the different types of Arbudas described in Ayurvedic text books they can be placed under two categories; ▪ Sadhya  ▪ Asadhya  Most of the Arbuda including Mamsarbuda, Raktaarbuda and Tridoshaj of any site occuring in ear, nose, throat etc. are considered as Aasadhya (incurable). However, some of Arbudas are Sadhya which are most probably cyst, benign tumors or chronic inflammatory swelling. Prevention of Cancer Any practical solution in combating this dreadful disease is of paramount importance. Classical Ayurvedic texts have several references to cancer. Some terms used to describe the condition are general while others are much more specific. In Ayurvedic treatment of cancer, prevention is the key.  Acharya Charaka, described effective prevention for cancer. It includes maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle and avoiding exposure to known cancer causing Dr. Jyoti Dhakad et al. Diet and lifestyle for the prevention of the cancer care ISSN: 2456-3110                                                       REVIEW ARTICLE Jan-Feb 2021  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Jan - Feb  2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 1 98  substances. It is prevented with healthy lifestyle and dietary measures i.e., smoking cessation, increased ingestion of fruits and vegetables, exercise, avoidance of direct exposure to sunlight, minimal consumption of meat, use of whole grain, use of vaccination and regular check-up.  Ayurveda way of lifestyle focuses on all of these, under the following headings; ▪ Prakritisthapan Chikitsa (health maintenance) ▪ Roganashani Chikitsa (disease cure) ▪ Rasayana Chikitsa (restoration of normal function) ▪ Naishthiki Chikitsa (spiritual approach).[12] Prakritisthapani Chikitsa It can include Dincharya and Ritucharya (daily regime) which maintain normal condition of Vata, Pitta, Kapha. i.e., Yoga (exercise), Abhyanga (massage), Snana (bathing) cleansing, meditation, appropriate work or study, three meals a day (Aahar), relaxing reading and sound sleep (Nidra) etc. Scientific evidences are available emphasizing importance of Dinacharya in one’s life. Dantadhavana  It is advised to clean teeth & oral cavity early morning by herbs which are Kashaya - Tikta- Katu Rasatmaka. As these rasas are Kaphahara & Keldaghna they help in pacifying Kapha Dosha. So, in day to life it can be related as toothpaste which is Madhura Rasatmaka should be avoided as it will negate the main purpose of Dantadhavana. And thus, it will help to prevent oral cancer. ▪ Anjana - Use of Sauveeranjana & Rasanjana is advised to maintain health of Eyes.  ▪ Dhoomapana, Gandusha - Dhoomapana is also indicated in Kaphavata Avastha by Katu - Tikta Kashaya Rasa Dravya mainly. ▪ Abhyanga - Daily Abhyanga is advised as it is Jara-Shrama-Vatahara, Pushtikara, Tvachya, Sharir Dardhyakrita. ▪ Vyayama - Vyayama should be done as Ardhashakti. ▪ Udvartana - Udvartana is the application or rubbing of dry Choorna or powder on the skin externally. Udvartana is for Medoghna Twakprasadana action by Katu-Tikta-Kashaya. ▪ Rasa Dravya like Musta etc. as these are Kaphahara in nature.  ▪ Snana - Snana relieves stiffness, causes Vata Shamana. Many Panchakarma procedures are included in Dinacharya such as Nasya, Dhoomapana, Anjana etc. Inclusion of this Karma in daily regime specifies their importance in Prevention of diseases.  ▪ Rejuvenating herbs and foods (Rasayana).[13] Ritucharya Seasonal diet and habit shift In Ayurveda, the knowledge of Ritucharya is a firsthand guide to the concept which describes the modes and stages of the development of diseases, with regard to the state of different Doshas - Vata, Pitta and Kapha in accordance with the changes in Ritu. A good understanding of it, is very much essential for early diagnosis and prognosis of any disease & for adopting preventive and curative measures. It is to be known that disharmony in the Doshas - Vata, Pitta and Kapha results in Roga (disease), and aim of Ayurveda is to maintain this harmony. With changes in diet and lifestyle, there are changes in the state of Tridoshaj, resulting in disharmony, causing lifestyle diseases. Ritu acts as Vyanjaka or Nimittakarana in the aggravation and manifestation of disease.[14] Roganashani Chikitsa A number of studies from all over the world are pointing that some herbs have anti-cancer properties (Kaefer and milner, 2008). The scientist got these herbs which are used in Ayurveda help reduce cancer preventing herbs are discussed here. Garlic (Allium sativum)[15] Ashwgandha (Withania sominifera)[16] Dr. Jyoti Dhakad et al. Diet and lifestyle for the prevention of the cancer care ISSN: 2456-3110                                                       REVIEW ARTICLE Jan-Feb 2021  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Jan - Feb  2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 1 99  Basil (Ocimum basilium)[17] Ginger (Zingiber officinalis)[18] Turmeric (Curcuma longa)[19] Green tea (Camellia sinensis)[20] Anti-cancer activity of cow urine[21]   Aleovera, saffron and tomatoes (solanum lycopersicum)[22,23,24] Aachar Rasayana It is behavioral conduct i.e., Sadvritta following it acts as Rasayana on our body & mind. In Charak Samhita Chikitsasthana Rasayanadhyaya, Aachar Rasayana has been explained which is nothing but the mental hygiene to be followed by definite methods to lead an ideal ethical way of living. Such physical & behavioral conduct definitely leads to a life with Rasayana effect.  Achara Rasayana may act as a Rasayana by 3 paths;  ▪ Improves the personality ▪ Improves social relations ▪ Improves physical health  The concept of prevention is not strictly relegated to Ayurveda. Changing your lifestyle include more live foods, vegetables also reducing stress, getting adequate amount of sleep and exercise, reducing your toxic burdens and fortifying the body with quality supplements are all good practices for health and vitality. Naishthiki Chikitsa A continuity of aliments is checked by treatments that are conductive to the continuity of happiness. The state of equilibrium of Dhatus is not disturbed nor is the imbalanced state bought to normalcy without some causative factors. It is the causative factors which determine the equilibrium or imbalance of the Dhatus. So, physician treats the diseases pertaining to the past present and future. Absolute eradication of miseries is obtained by the elimination of desires. Desires are the root cause of all miseries. A silk worm provides for itself suicidal threads. So does an ignorant person. Bound by worldly miseries, he provides for himself desires arising out of the various objects. A wise person, who obtains from the objects of sense, considering them as dangerous as burning fire, does not subject himself to any wishful acts and attachments with the result the miseries never overcome him.[25] DISCUSSION According to Ayurveda classics, ‘Agnimandhya’ is the main cause of all diseases. Agni plays an important role in the prevention abnormal cells i.e., cancer cells. Viruddhaahar (fish and milk), Vishmashana (irregular time and unbalanced food), Adhyashana (eating food when before meal is undigested), frozen food and irregular habits are not recommended ay Ayurveda and these are responsible factors (nidan) for cancer. Scientists are making their best efforts to fight with cancer. Along with medicine, healthy & balanced diet and living style is also advised. It is equally important for prevention of cancer. Aahar (diet) and Dincharya (lifestyle) will help to maintain a healthy body, which can itself reduce the risk of many cancer. Changing your life style to include vegetables, fruits, organic, grass fed meats and reduce uses of processed food is a part of it. In addition, adequate amount of sleep, yoga, meditation, reduces stress, Sadvritta (good habits) and quality supplements are all good practices for good health. Multiple herbs processing great potential for cancer care. Which can use as a medicine as well as in food i.e., tomatoes, aleovera, ginger, cow urine, basil, garlic, turmeric. They have anticancer properties. We can prevent cancer by mere changes in dietary and lifestyle. CONCLUSION The review shows that as mentioned in Ayurveda dietary and lifestyle are played an important role in the prevention and minimize the risk of cancer. We concluded that by making dietary and lifestyle efforts can prevent the risk of cancer and boost our ability to fight for cancer. Dr. Jyoti Dhakad et al. Diet and lifestyle for the prevention of the cancer care ISSN: 2456-3110                                                       REVIEW ARTICLE Jan-Feb 2021  Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences | Jan - Feb  2021 | Vol. 6 | Issue 1 100  REFERENCES 1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer 2. Hartwell JL. Plants used against cancer. A survey. Lloydia 1969; 32:247–96.  3. Pandey G. Anticancer herbal drugs of India with special reference to Ayurveda. New Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications; 2002:18–121. 4. Prasad G.C. Concept of cancer in Ayurveda, Varanasi, Banaras Hindu University;221 005. 5. Sharma PV. Charaka Samhita. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia;1985. 6. Bhishagratha KL. Sushruta Samhita. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 1991. 7. Bhishagratha KL. Sushruta Samhita. 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Diet and lifestyle for the prevention of the cancer care

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Diet and lifestyle for the prevention of the cancer care

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