Cordell, Rebecca

Frumau, Arnoud

Hama, Sarkawt

Helmink, Harald

Hofman, Jelle

Kos, Gerard

Matheeussen, Christine

Monks, Paul

Roekens, Edward

Smallbone, Kirsty

Staelens, Jeroen

Stroobants, Christophe

van der Laan, Jorrit

Weijers, Ernie

Wyche, Kevin

English

Work package 1 of Joaquin aimed at a better understanding of UFP’s in urban environments by evaluating the temporal variation of UFP number concentration and size distribution in four NW- European cities (Amsterdam, Antwerp, Leicester and London). Apart from the temporal variation, relations of UFP with more commonly monitored pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) were evaluated. The total particle number concentration was measured with a condensation particle counter (TSI EPC-3783, water based, particles &gt; 7 nm) and BC with a MAAP (Thermo-5012). The particle size distribution between 10-1000 nm was obtained by a scanning mobility particle sizer (Grimm-5420/L-DMA) in Amsterdam and Antwerp. In Leicester and London, spectra between 20 and 200 nm were gathered with a differential mobility analyser with corona discharger and electrometer (TSI UFP-3031). Measurements were conducted between April 2013 and March 2015. Results showed a traffic-related diurnal variation of UFP, NO2 and BC with distinct morning and evening rush hour peaks on weekdays. In the weekends, only an evening peak could be observed. The relative UFP size distribution was quite similar for all cities with highest particle numbers in the 30-50 nm size class. The monitoring site of Antwerp showed highest NO2, BC and UFP concentrations which can be explained by the proximity of a traffic-intensive thoroughfare of Antwerp. Based on the experienced wind fields, site-dependent local and urban UFP sources could be identified which pleads for thoughtful consideration when positioning urban background stations in typical heterogeneous urban environments

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Ultrafine particles in Antwerp, Amsterdam, Leicester and London J. Hofman1, J. Staelens1, C. Stroobants1, S.M.L. Hama2, K.P. Wyche4, G.P.A. Kos5, C. Matheeussen1, R. Cordell2, J. van der Laan3, H. Helmink3, K.L. Smallbone4, K.F.A. Frumau5, E.P. Weijers5, P.S. Monks2, E. Roekens1 1Flemish Environment Agency (VMM), Belgium 2University of Leicester, United Kingdom 3Public Health Service of Amsterdam, the Netherlands 4University of Brighton,  United Kingdom 5Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), the Netherlands  Acknowledgements: The JOAQUIN project is supported by INTERREG IV-B North West Europe (www.nweurope.eu) INTRODUCTION  Work package 1 of Joaquin aimed at a better understanding of UFP in urban environments by evaluating the spatiotemporal variation of UFP number concentration and size distribution in four NW European cities (Amsterdam, Antwerp, Leicester and London). Moreover, relations of UFP with more commonly monitored pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) were evaluated.  Objective  To obtain a better understanding of the spatiotemporal variation of UFP in NW European urban environments METHODS  • Continuous measurements of UFP, black carbon (BC), PM and NOx between April 2013 and March 2015 in Amsterdam (NL), Antwerp (BE), Leicester (UK) and London (UK).  • Total UFP number concentrations were measured with a condensation particle counter (TSI EPC-3783, 7-1000 nm) and BC with a MAAP (Thermo-5012).   • Size-resolved UFP number concentrations were obtained by a Grimm-5420/L-DMA (10-1000 nm) in Amsterdam and Antwerp and a TSI UFP-3031 in Leicester and London* (20-200 nm).  • An initial campaign was conducted to compare the UFP instruments (January, 2013)   RESULTS  • Total UFP number concentrations (TNC) show a traffic-related diurnal variation with distinct morning and evening peaks, higher concentrations on working days and in the winter period.               • Average UFP size distributions are relatively similar between the considered sites. Nevertheless, Antwerp and Amsterdam show a higher contribution of 30-50 and 10-20 nm particles, respectively.  • Amsterdam, Antwerp and London show significant TNC variation depending on the experienced wind fields, with Schiphol airport being an important source of 10-20 nm-sized particles. This was reported before by a study of Keuken et al. (2015).                Jelle Hofman Kronenburgstraat  45, 2000 Antwerp j.hofman@vmm.be  CONCLUSIONS  • Continuous size-resolved UFP monitoring in urban environments is challenging but feasible.  • Urban UFP size distributions are relatively comparable, but have shown to be influenced by site-specific UFP sources.  • Relations between UFP and other pollutants (e.g. BC, NO2) are site-dependent.  Can monitoring sites which are influenced by local sources (e.g. Amsterdam and Antwerp) be considered as good urban background stations?  Figure: Polar plot of wind field averaged total particle number concentration (# cm-3) for the considered monitoring sites (left) and location of the Amsterdam monitoring site at 8 km from Schiphol airport and wind direction averaged (red line) 10-20 nm particles (right) * Anomalous results were obtained for the size-resolved particle numbers in London. The instrument is currently revised by TSI for correction factors. Figure: Daily, weekly and monthly variation of total UFP number concentrations in Amsterdam, Antwerp, Leicester and London Figure: Average size-resolved (PNC) and total particle number (TNC) concentrations for Amsterdam, Antwerp, Leicester and London 02000400060008000100001200014000160001800005001000150020002500300010-20 nm 20-30 nm 30-50 nm 50-70 nm 70-100 nm 100-200 nm TNCTNC (# cm-3) PNC (# cm-3) TNC AmsterdamTNC AntwerpTNC LeicesterTNC LondonPNC AmsterdamPNC AntwerpPNC Leicester± 8 km www.joaquin.eu Reference: Keuken M.P., Moerman M., Zandveld P., Henzing J.S., Hoek G. (2015). Total and size-resolved particle number and bl ack carbon concentrations in urban areas near Schiphol airport (the Netherlands). Atmospheric Environment 104, 132-142. 

Ultrafine particles in Amsterdam, Antwerp, Leicester and London

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Ultrafine particles in Amsterdam, Antwerp, Leicester and London

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