Miller, David P.

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FMH Ill 21 ESO 887 AGDEX 401 LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS David P. Miller Area Extension Agent Farm Management Belle Valley Area FARM MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK Cooperative Extension Service The Ohio State University When considering the addition or expansion of a I lvestock enterprise, utl 1 lzi ng the budgeting process Is the simplest and easiest method to exa-m! ne the potent la I prof It/ loss of the enterprl se and its effect on the overall business. A budget forces the manager to exam I ne resource require-ments, such as feed needs and cost, needed building space and equipment, the labor required for the enterprise, etc. Al I of this should take place on paper prior to Investing the first ' dollar. Resource requirements used for livestock enterprises can be gleaned from many sources. The following tables were developed from the Olio LI vestock Enterprise EiJdgets, the Ml dwest Plan Serv Ice Eq u I pme nt Books, Ma nag I ng the Sma I I Sw I ne Herd In 01 lo, Keep Ing a Sma 11 Beef Herd in Ol Io and Raising a Small Flock of Sheep In Ohio, all of which are available In your local County Extension off Ice. Feed and labor requirements, expense standards and Investment standards are only esti-mates to be used for budgeting purposes. As the budgeting process progresses, these estimates wll I need to be adapted and fine-tuned to flt the par-ticular operation using the above mentioned publi-cations and the farmer's financial and production records. LIVESTOCK SPACE REQUIREMENTS These space requirements and design recommen-dations are from the Midwest Plan Service and are based on currently popular types of bul ldlngs and eq u I pme nt s. BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOT, sq. ft./head 201 In barn and Lot surfaced, cattle have 301 In lot free access to shelter 50' Lot surfaced, no shelter 1501 -800' 20'-25' Lot unsurfaced except around waterers, along bunks and open-front buildings, with a connecting strip Sunshade BUILDINGS WITH FEEDLOTS, sq. ft./head 201 -25' 151 -20' 1/2 ton/head 600 lbs. to market O!tlves to 600 lbs. Bedd Ing COLD CONFINEMENT BUILDINGS, sq. ft./head 30' 17'-18' 17' -18' 100' 1 pen/ 12 cows WATERERS Solid floor, bedded Solid floor, flushing flume Totally or partly slotted C'a I vi ng pen C'a I vi ng space 40 head/available water space In drylot Corrals 600 I bs. 600-1200 lbs. 1200 + lbs. - -sq. ft./head- - - - - - - - -14' 6' 17' 10' FEEDERS, ln./head along feeder Al I animals eat at once: 181-22'• C'a Ives to 600 I bs. 22'1-26" 600 lbs. to market 26"-3()t• 14"-18" Mature cows C'a Ives 20' Holding 12' Crowding Feed always avai table: 4"-6" ~y or s i I age 311-411 6" 1 space/ 5 ca I ves Bunk throat height Grain or supplement Q-ai n or s I I age 0-eep or supplement Up to 18" for calves, 22" for feeders and mature cows 2 Use 30' height only If hogs will run with cattle Bunk width 4~' If fed from both sides of bunk 54"-60' If bunk Is d I vi ded by mechan I ca I feeder 1~' bottom width if fed from one side of bunk ISOLATION & SICK PENS 40-50 sq. ft ./head Pens tor 2%-5% of herd MOUNDS 25 sq. ft./head Minimum HOGS FEEDER AND WATERER SPACE Seit-feeders: one space/5 pigs Supplement feeders: one space/15 pigs Sow feeders: 10'/sow self-feed, 2'/sow al I fed at once Waterers: one space/20 to 25 pigs BUILDING FLOOR SPACE Sows and boars: 15 to 20 sq. ft. Pigs starting through tinlshing: 12 to 60 lbs. - 4 sq. ft. 60 to 125 I bs. - 6 sq. ft. 125 to market - 8 sq. ft. 100 to market: 5 sq. ft. under roof, + 13 ·sq. ft. on outside paved lot Sow and I i tter: 26 sq. ft.: slotted floor, ful I confinement 32 sq. tt. Inside + 42 sq. ft. outside tor Indoor-outdoor paved lot PASTl.RE SPACE 10 gestating sows/acre 7 sows with litters/acre 50 to 100 growlng-tinlshlng pigs/acre depending on tertl Ii ty SLOT WIDTHS, In slotted floors New-born p lgs 1 1 2 to 60 I bs. 2 60 to market Sows and Boars 3/8" and 1" 3/411 to 111 1" 1" to 1-1/4" Cover slots during farrowing; 1'1 wide slots behind sows, 3/8" elsewhere. 2 ~· width preferred over wider slats. SHADE SPACE 15to 20sq. tt./sow 20 to 30 sq. ft ./sow and I i tter 4 sq. ft./plg to 100 lbs. 6 sq. tt./plg over 100 lbs. FLOOR AND LOT SLOPES Slotted floors: usually flat Farrowing, solid floors: 1/2'' to 3/411 /ft. wl thout bedding 1/4" to 1/211/ft. with beddl ng Finishing: 1/2'' to 3/411/ft. Paved lots: 1/411 to 1"/ft. Paved feeding floors: Indoors: 1/ 4" /tt. ml n I mum Outdoors: 111/ft. Bui Id I ng a I I ay s: 1/2'1/ft. cross slope for crown 1/1011 to 1/411/ft. to drain Gutters and pits: 1"/25' to 111/100' to drains 1.5% slope for flush gutters DAIRY CATTLE Recommended Stal I Barn Dimensions ALLEY WIDTH Flat manager-feed alley Feed alley with step manager Service alley with barn cleaner Cross .alley 1 51 811-61 6'' 41011-41611 610" 416'• MANAGER WIDTH Cows under 1200 lbs. Cows 1200 lbs. or m:>re GUTTERS WI dth2 Depth, stall side Depth, alley side 2011 2411-27'1 16" or 18" 1111 -16" 11 11 -1411 Taper the end sta 11 s Inward &• at the front for added turning room for a feed cart. 2 CA'- as required for barn cleaner. Free Stall Dimensions CALVES W I DTH x LENGTH 6 weeks to 4 m:>nths 5 to 7 m:>nths HEIFERS 8 months to freshening COWS (average herd we I ght) 1000 I bs. 1200 I bs. 1400 I bs. , 1600 lbs. 21 0" x 41 6" 21 6'' x 51 011 3 1011 x 516" 31 611 x 61 1()1• 319'1 x 71 011 4 1 011 x 71 ()t• 41QH x 71611 TYPICAL FREE STALL ALLEY WIDTHS Feeding alley between a bunk and the front of a stal I rCM 91-101 Feeding alley between a bunk and the back of stal I rCM 101 -121 Resting alley between the backs of two stall rows: Solid Floors 51-101 Slotted floors 61- 9 1 3 COW STALL PLATF~ SIZES Use electric cow trainers Stanch I on Sta I I s Tl e Sta I I s r.ow Weight Width Length Width Length < 1200 I bs. 1400 lbs. > 1600 lbs. SLAT SPACING 41011 516" 41 &• 51 9'• Not recommended 4 1 011 41 &• 51()11 51 9'' 61 ()t• 6 1 611 Elevated calf stat Is: 3/4" between 1 x 2'1s on edge Calves, wide slats: 1-1/411 slot Cows, wl de slats: 1-1/2'1 to 1-3/ 411 slot FEEDERS, ln./head along feeder All animals eat at once: 1 ~ -22", ca I yes to 600 I bs. 22"-26", hel fers 26"-30", mature cows Feed always available: 4"-6", hay or silage Bunk capacl ty: 1 to 1-1/2 cu. ft./ft. of bunk length min. for animals fed twice dally Bunk throat height Up to 1611 for ca Ives, 20'1 for hel fers, 24" for mature cows, 30'' for mature cows on unscraped, flat apron. Bunk widths 4811 If fed fran both sides of bunk 54'1-60'1 If bunk Is d Iv I ded by mechan I ca I feeder 18" bottom width If fed from one side of bunk WATERERS 40 head/available water space In confinement. Pave at least a 101 apron around waterers. · FEEDER SPACE Group-fed: 1611-20' /ewe 911 -1211 /feeder lamb Se If-fed: SHEEP 1 a• -1 2" s I I age, 811 - 1 0'1 hay I ewe 311 -4 11/f~eder Iamb Lamb creep space: 1-1/2 to 2 sq. ft./lamb WATERER SPACE Per automatic bowl 40-50 ewes or ewes with lambs 50-75 feeder lambs Per ft. of tank perimeter 15-25 ewes or ewes with lambs 25-40 feeder Iambs LAMBING PENS (jugs) 4' x 4' x 3()1 or 4-1/2 1 x 4-1/2 1 x 3611 ; provide gra In and water 4 SHELTER SPACE Open-front bul ldlng with lot: 10-12 sq. ft./ewe 12-16 sq. ft./ewe and lambs 6-8 sq. ft./feeder lamb Lot: 25-40 sq. ft./ewe 25-40 sq. ft./ewe and lambs 15-20 sq. ft./feeder lamb So 11 d Floor Cconf I nement): 12-16 sq. ft./ewe 15-20 sq. ft./ewe and lamb 8-10 sq. ft./feeder lamb Slotted floor conf lnement: 8-10 sq. ft./ewe 10-12 sq. ft./ewe and lamb 4-5 sq. ft./feeder lamb NURSERY PENS for 2 to 4 day old lambs before putting Into group pens: About 16' x 161 for 20 ewes and 30 lambs. Detailed construction data and livestock building plans are available through the Midwest Plan Service, Extension ~ricultural Engineers and your local County Extension office. Please refer to these plans for further detailed information. a 5 FEED BUDGET STANDARDS FOR LIVESTOCK.!/ Bushels Tons Tons Pasture Corn Lbs. Corn Grass Tons Tons, Bay Eguivalent Su22le11ent Silage Silage Hal E9,uivalent Dairy C:Ows: 13,000 lbs. milk 50 410 3.2 1.7 1.6 15,000 lbs. milk 68 680 3.2 1.7 1.6 17,000 lbs. milk 85 1030 3.2 1.7 1.6 Dairy Replacement, Birth to 24 Months 43 340 6.0 3.5 Dairy Goat: 1,500 lbs. milk 16 150 .8 1,700 lbs. milk 18 170 .8 Beef C:Ows & Calves - Spring Calving 2.3 3.5 Beef C:Ows & Calves - Fall Calving 4.0 2.1 Steer Calves on Pasture 180-200 lbs. Gain 1.5 Cattle Feeding: Yearling Steer - 650-1050 lbs • 26 275 4.2 Steer Calves - 450-1050 lbs. 35 375 4.5 Heifer Calves - 450-900 lbs, 26 280 3.4 Sow & 2 Litters - 14 Pigs - 50 lbs .• Confinement Facilities 49 1100 Low Investment Facilities 50 1150 Gilt & l Litter - Pasture Farrowing 44 450 Hog Finishing - 50-220 lbs. Confinement-High Investment 9.3 104 Low Investment 9.6 107 Pasture 10.2 109 Ewe & Lambs - 125% Early Lambing 7.5 35 .25 .5 Feeder Lamb - 70-100 lbs. 2 15 .1 Poultry: 1,000 Layers - Confinement 900 cwt. - Purchased Peed 1,000 Broilers - Confinement 78 cwt. - Purchased Peed 1,000 Turkeys - Confinement 620 cwt. - Purchased Feed y From 1981 Ohio Livestock Budgets a 6 EXPENSE, INVESTMENT & LABOR STANDARDS FOR LIVESTOCK - 1981 Feed Operating Equipment Facilities Hours Ex2ensel Ex2ense2 Investment Investment of Labor Dairy Cow 13,000 lbs. $ 719 $ 272 $ 800 $ 1650 60 15,000 lbs. 817 301 800 1650 60 17,000 lbs. 923 332 800 1650 60 Dairy Replacement 717 161 45 220 30 Dairy Go;-t: 1,500 lbs. 194 98 75 150 10 1,700 lbs. 201 99 75 150 10 Beef Cows & Calves - Spring Calving 160 36 300 6 Beef Cova & Calves - Fall Calving 254 38 300 6 Steer Calves on Pasture - 180-200 lbs. Gain 30 18 100 2 Cattle Feeding: Yearling Steers 650-1050 lbs. 260 26 150 150 3 Steer Calves 450-1050 lbs. 312 31 120 150 4 Heifer Calves 450-900 lbs. 234 26 120 150 4 Sow & Tvo Litters - 14 Pigs @ 50 lbs.: High Investment 344 138 640 530 21 Lov Inftatllant 356 145 275 250 26 Gilt & One Litter - Pasture 218 82 140 llO 12 Hog Feeding 50-220 lbs.: High Investment $ 47 9 13 $ 17 .8 Low Investment 49 8 11 16 1 Pasture 51 8 20 6 4 Ewe & Lambs - 125% Early Lambing 50 12 5 60 4 Feeder Lamb 70-100 lbs. 12 4 3 25 Poultry: 1,000 Layers 8100 222 2500 3850 200 1,000 Broilers 780 71 1485 2230 10 1,000 Turkeys 6200 544 5900 8900 60 From 1981 Ohio Livestock Budgets 2 Operating Expense does not include feed expense or purchased feeder animals, chicks, pullets or poults. 3 Investment in buildings, fence and facilities. Does not include land investment. Issued In furtherance of Ck>operattve Extensive Work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, In coopera-tion with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Roy M. Kottman, Director of the Ck>operatlve Extension Service, The Ohio State University. 1/82 Al I educational programs and activities conducted by the Olio Cooperative Extension Service are available to all potential cl lentele on a nondis-criminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, sex or religious affl llation. 

Livestock Enterprises Resource Requirements

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Livestock Enterprises Resource Requirements

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