The paper presents the measurements results of optic fiber’s radiation induced attenuation. The approach of optic fiber’s radiation test at negative temperatures is introduced. The results of an investigation of the decay of an optical signal during a pulsed electron.
Keywords: radiation hardness, fiber-optic communication, radiation-induced attenuatio

Cherniak, M E

Mozhaev, R K

Ukolov, D S

English

D S Ukolov

M E Cherniak

R K Mozhaev

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Study of Gamma-ray Induced Attenuation of Fluorine-doped Single-mode Radiation Hard Optic Fiber

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 KnE Energy & PhysicsPhIO-2018VII International Conference on Photonics and Information OpticsVolume 2018Conference PaperStudy of Gamma-ray Induced Attenuation ofFluorine-doped Single-mode RadiationHard Optic FiberD.S. Ukolov1, M.E. Cherniak1,2, and R.K. Mozhaev11National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute),Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia2Specialized electronic systems, Moscow, Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, RussiaAbstractThe paper presents the measurements results of optic fiber’s radiation inducedattenuation. The approach of optic fiber’s radiation test at negative temperatures isintroduced. The results of an investigation of the decay of an optical signal during apulsed electron.Keywords: radiation hardness, fiber-optic communication, radiation-inducedattenuation1. IntroductionIncreasing the volume of information transfer through communication channelsrequires constant improvement of the corresponding technical means, among whichan important role is played by fiber-optic communication lines.Fiber-optic communication lines have a number of advantages over metallic wires,for example, they don’t require electrical grounding, the dimension, weight and costof data transmission channels are sharply reduced, reliable galvanic isolation, safetyand reliability of data transmission. But there are also drawbacks, in particular, whenusing fiber-optic communication lines or devices using fiber optical fibers and theirmodifications, under the conditions of an increased radiation background, the effect ofradiation-induced attenuation of the optical signal is manifested.But also has its drawbacks, the phenomenon of optical signal attenuation in thefiber-optic communication lines. Usually, damping mechanisms are classified into:attenuation caused by absorption, damping from scattering and damping at opti-cal fiber bends, etc. When light waves propagate in fiber-optic media, interactionsbetween photons and atoms of the propagation medium occur. Photons are absorbedHow to cite this article: D.S. Ukolov, M.E. Cherniak, and R.K. Mozhaev, (2018), “Study of Gamma-ray Induced Attenuation of Fluorine-dopedSingle-mode Radiation Hard Optic Fiber” in VII International Conference on Photonics and Information Optics, KnE Energy & Physics, pages 373–378.DOI 10.18502/ken.v3i3.2050Page 373Corresponding Author:D.S. Ukolovdsukol@spels.ruReceived: 28 January 2018Accepted: 15 March 2018Published: 25 April 2018Publishing services provided byKnowledge ED.S. Ukolov et al. This articleis distributed under the terms ofthe Creative CommonsAttribution License, whichpermits unrestricted use andredistribution provided that theoriginal author and source arecredited.Selection and Peer-reviewunder the responsibility of thePhIO Conference Committee. KnE Energy & Physics PhIO-2018by the atoms of the optical fiber - this process leads to a decrease in the power of theoptical signal through the fiber.Atoms of optical fiber and impurities are the main factors that influence the increasein attenuation. The collisions of photons with atoms fiber, microscopic changes in thematerial density and the uneven distribution of the composition or structural defectsoccurring in the manufacturing process, lead to scattering and consequently in anincrease in attenuation.When using a fiber-optic communication lines or devices that use optical fibers andfiber modifications thereof, under conditions of elevated background radiation effectis manifested radiation-induced attenuation of the optical signal.Prospects for the use of optical fibers for information transmission and in devicesoperating under high radiation conditions have caused intensive studies of radiation-optical phenomena in quartz optical fibers, since under the action of ionizing radiationthese fibers can lose their capacity [1]. The main reason for the growth of losses is theappearance of color centers in the light-conducting core or in the light-reflecting shell,over which a significant part of the light propagates in single-mode fibers. The natureand amount of color centers are largely dependent on the composition of the core andcladding glasses, and a method of manufacturing the fibers.Currently, the most radiation-resistant optical fibers are considered a pure silica coreor a core doped with nitrogen [2]. Conventional ”connected” optical fiber with Ge-doped core have an increased radiation-induced attenuation due to the formation ofthe germanium oxygen-deficient centers (GODCs) [3].For the application of fiber optic communication lines on board the spacecraft, par-ticle accelerators, or in areas where high levels of electromagnetic radiation prevails,the studying of optical fibers radiation hardness and determining the signal attenuationfrom the effects of ionizing radiation becomes an important task [4, 5].2. ExperimentsThe aim of the work is an experimental study of the response to the exposure ofgamma radiation of a single-mode radiation-resistant fluorine-doped optical fiber.Also, tests of pulsed electron radiation reaction were conducted.The object of the research was optical fiber with a length of L≈500m, with non-radiation-resistant fiber-optic pigtails with FC / UPC connectors.DOI 10.18502/ken.v3i3.2050 Page 374 KnE Energy & Physics PhIO-2018The first stage of studies has been conducted on the isotope facility with 137Csisotope. The irradiation time was 790 hours; the dose rate was 0.27 rad / s. The totalabsorbed dose was 795 krad. During the irradiation, the optical power was monitoredwhen the signal passed through the fiber. The results of the control are shown in Fig.1. As can be seen from the figure, the magnitude of the optical signal attenuationincreased by 1 dBm for a wavelength of 1310 nm and by 1.8 dBm for 1550 nm.Figure 1: Dependence of the optical signal at the fiber output from the total ionizing dose for wavelengthsof 1550 nm and 1310 nm at constant input illumination of -5.0 dBm.The second stage was the testing and development of the method for setting alow ambient temperature during the irradiation of the optical fiber on the electronaccelerator U-31/33, which operates in the bremsstrahlung (deceleration radiation)mode. The layout of optical fiber positioning is shown on Figure 2.Figure 2: Scheme of optical fiber positioning during studies at electron accelerator in the bremsstrahlungregime.DOI 10.18502/ken.v3i3.2050 Page 375 KnE Energy & Physics PhIO-2018The temperature -60∘C is set by the SZTM-0401 (cooling with nitrogen vapors enter-ing the tube into a heat-insulated box). Uniform irradiation of the sample is achievedby rotating the sample around its axis.The exposure time was 5400 s. with a dose rate 0.81 rad / s. The total ionizing dosewas 4.4 krad. During pauses of irradiation, the optical power was measured when thesignal passed through the optical fiber. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the magnitude ofthe optical attenuation increased approximately 4.3 dBm for a wavelength of 1310 nmand 4.5 dBm for a wavelength of 1550 nm.D, rad0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000Signal, dBm -14-13-12-11-10-9-81310 nm1550 nm Figure 3: Dependence of the power of the optical signal at the output of the optical fiber from theaccumulated dose with a constant input illumination of -5.0 dBm and an ambient temperature of -60∘C.After turning off the exposure and heating to room temperature, the fiber attenua-tion value returned to the initial value (Figure 4).On the third phase the studies were carried out on a pulsed electron accelerator”ARSA-2”. The fiber positioning scheme is shown in Figure 5. This design allows radia-tion to be exposed to optical fibers at different distances and to measure the amountof attenuation induced by the pulse.As seen in Figure 6, depending on the dose per pulse increased attenuation of theoptical signal in the fiber. And then, within a few seconds, annealing occurred and thevalue of the attenuation value returned to the original value.3. Results and discussionAs a result of fiber research and studies, the following is established:DOI 10.18502/ken.v3i3.2050 Page 376 KnE Energy & Physics PhIO-2018Т, 0С-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10Signal, dBm-12,0-11,5-11,0-10,5-10,0-9,5-9,0-8,5-8,01550 nm1310 nm Figure 4: A plot of the power of the optical signal output fiber depending on the temperature.Figure 5: Scheme of installation in the study on the pulse accelerator ”ARSA”.Figure 6: Waveforms reaction of radiation-induced attenuation at the electron radiation pulse themagnitude of the accumulated dose.During studies on 137Cs isotope facility the increase of radiation-induced losses wasobserved. However, due to the presence of pigtails of non-radhard optical fibers withDOI 10.18502/ken.v3i3.2050 Page 377 KnE Energy & Physics PhIO-2018connectors, it is impossible to draw unambiguous conclusions on the radiation resis-tance of optical fibers.In studies with an electron accelerator operating in the bremsstrahlung generationmode at minus 60∘C, an increase in radiation-induced losses was observed. However,with an increase in the temperature up to room temperature, this value returned tothe initial.When exposed to electron radiation pulse momentary attenuation of the opticalsignal was observed.4. ConclusionsThe test sample showed a high index of radiation resistance. When exposed to radi-ation, a slight attenuation was observed, which is not critical, and the subsequentrelatively rapid annealing. In the future, it is planned to conduct tests on radiation-induced damping. Also, in order to reduce the effect of photo-ignition, with 316 μW (-5dBm) to 1 μW (-30 dBm).References[1] Dianov EM, Kornienko LS.. Nikitin E.P. “Radiation-optical properties of optical fibersbased on quartz glass,” Kvant. Electronics. - 1983. - T.10[2] Tomashuk AL, Golant KM, Zabezhailov MO “Development of fiber optical fibersfor use at elevated levels of radiation,” Fiber-optical technologies, materials anddevices. ” - M., 2001. - № 4. - P. 52.[3] Guryanov AN, Kim VM, Mashinsky VM, Neustruev VB et al “Basic radiation effectsin german-silicate glass and optical fibers based on it,” Proceedings of IOFAN. -1990. - T. 23. - P. 94.[4] Fuhua Liu, Yuying An, Ping Wang “Effects of Radiation on Optical Fibers,RecentProgress in Optical Fiber Research,” ISBN: 978-953-307-823-6, InTech, Available[5] Y.V. Gulyaev, S.A. Nikitov, V.T. Potapov, etc. “SPECIAL ISSUE “PHOTON EXPRESS”SCIENCE №6_2005, p.114.DOI 10.18502/ken.v3i3.2050 Page 378

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Study of Gamma-ray Induced Attenuation of Fluorine-doped Single-mode Radiation Hard Optic Fiber

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