Chloride of lime is а widely used desinfectant. It is аn unstable compound аnd loses 1-3% active chlorine monthly. Because of its instability а 10% basic solution is used which is allowed to precipitate. Twenty four hours later the сlеаr supernatant fluid is decanted аnd applied in woгkiпg solutions of different соncеntrаtiоns. The sedimeпt is discaгded. The basic purified solution is рrераrеd fог several days, wheгeas the working solution - immediately bеfоге desinfection.  Recently Genov established а marked stability of 1 % solution of chloride of lime аnd that the sediment contains 5-7% active chlorine.On the basis of these contradictory views we set ourselves the task to investigate the stability of 10 % basic solution of chloride of lime and the metod for its processing with regard to the maximal use of active chlorine. The dynamics of the amount of active chlorine in the solution  served as criterion

Hadjilarska, D.

Kokosharov, P.

Kuzmov, K.

Nicheva, L.

English

Varna Medical University Press: Journals

STABILIТY A.ND MAXIMAL UТILIZAТION OF ACТIVE CHLORINE FROM А 10% BASIC SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF LIME 1(. l(uzmov, Р. l(okosharov, L. Nicheva and D. Hadjilarska Chlorid,e of lime is а ,videly used desiпfectaпt. It is ап uпstaЬJ.e compouпd (1, 3, 5) апd Joses 1-3% active chloriп.e moпthly. Because of its iпstability а 10% basic so!utioп is used whic\1 is allowed to precipi­tate. T,veпty four hours later th.e сlеаг superпataпt fluid is decaпted апd applied iп ,voгkiпg solutioпs of differeпt сопоепtгаtiопs. The sedimeпt is discaгded ( 1, 2, 5). The basic purifi,e,d solutioп is ргерагеd fог seveгa.\ days, wheгeas the workiпg so\ution - immediately Ьеfоге desiпfec­tioп. (3) Receпtly Geпov (2) estaЬ!ished а ·maгked staЬility of 1 % solutioп of chloride of lime апd that th,e sedimeпt coпtaiпs 5-7% activ<c chloriпe. Оп the basis of these coпt-radictoгy views we set ourselves the task to iпvestigate the staЬility of 10% basic solutioп of chloride of lime апd the method for its processiпg with гegard to the maximal use of active ch!loriпe. The dyпamics of the amount of active eh\orine in the solutioп served as eriterion. In а glass flask we prepared 1 1 of 10% basie solution whieh was allowed to 1pгecipitate. After 24 hours the su,perпataпt fluid whieh eon­taiпed 17,3% aetive chloriпe was d-eeaпt,ed. The sedimeпt was filtrat-ed iп а vaeuum pump. The filtгat-e eoпtaiпed 5,8% aetive ehloriпe, wheгe­as the dry residue - О, 1 % . Therefo,r,e activ,e chlor-in,e is fouпd iп the water soakiпg th,e ballast substances whieh are eoпtaiпed iп th-e sedi­meпt. We admitted а possiЬility to accelerate the traпsmission of aetive chlorine from the filtгate to the еJ.еаг fluid Ьу means of stirring up the solution. For this purpose on Мау 8, 1963 we prepared 10% basie solu­tioпs of ehloride of lime iп 8 flasks of 1 1 each as follows: No. 1 апd !а - as eoпtгols (after the so fаг kпown method), No. 2 апd 2а with stiпiпg 1.JJp ,зfter 3 houгs; No. 3 ап.d За - with stiпiпg up afteг 6 hours апd No. 4 апd 4а - with stiпiпg up afteг 3 апd 6 hours, No. No. 1, 2, 3 апd 4 being open апd I а, 2а, За, 4а - sealed. Beeause оп Мау 9th, iп vessels No. 4 апd 4а а maximal amouпt of activ,e ehlorine was delivered апd iп order to investigate the staЬility of а purified 10% solutioп without апу &edimeпt, on Мау 12th w,e prepared two mоге 10% basie solutioпs, No. 5 and 5а, in ап o.pen апd а seled flask of 1 1 each - stirriпg them ,up after 3 апd 6 hours, the е!еаг su,peгnatant por­tion beiпg deeaпted on Мау 13th. We tested daily the eoпtent of aetive ehlorine in the solution in the couгs-e of а moпth and the, till September 1963 опее in а week and опее in а foгtпight. 6 Experimentai Investigations, Vol., 111, Fasc. I 82 К. Kuzmov, Р. Kokoshar ov, L. Niche va and D. Hadjilarska 2 Discussion of results 1. In the clear portion of solution No. 1 17,12 g/1 of active chlorine ar-e present after 24 hours, wherea,s in solution No. !а - 19,51 g/1. The amount of active chlorin-e graduably incr,eases and on Мау 25th, i. е. f:б'l _, }/ ', __ \'',,,',,, :- ,,, =-=.Fto1i,n::J,1 ll ,, 10 ',,,,,, ___ _ -............... ... 15 days later reaches its maxi­mum - 22,05 g/1 res.p. 22,62 g/1 of active chlorine. After that а decrease start-ed (Fig. 1). It is ob­viou-s from investigations Ьу шeans .of this method, recom­mended in the literature for the preparation of 10% basic solution 24 hours later in th,e clear portion 17,12 g/1 resp. 17,55 g/1 of active chlorine is isolated, wh-ereas th·e remaining amount to 25 g/1 i.e. 6.5 - 7 g/1 is discard,ed with the sediment. In order to oЬtain а Fig. !. Dyпamics of active chloriпe clear solution with а maximal ;�edpa�:�bi�\\:r 0fh/ ��1�0od b�155i�d si�u}i�rп contents of active chlorine it should Ье subjected to decantation on the 15th day from th,e ,pr-eparation of th-e basic solution. 2. In th-e clear ,portion of solution No. 2 21,28 g/1 of active ch,\o­rine аге pre-sent after 24 hours, whereas in solution No. 2а - 21,41 g/1, th,e maximal amount of active chlorine being reached on the 9th day - 22,30 g/p resp. 23,43 g/1 (Fig. 3 and 4). 3. In th,e clear ,portion of so­lutions No. 3 and За after 24 hours а larger quantity o,f ac­tive chlorine is isolated 22,30 g/1 resp. 22,36 g/1 (F·ig. 3 and 4). 4. In the clear portion of so-1,ution No. 4 after 24 hours 22,62 g/1 active chlorine i·s iso­lated, whereas in solution No. 4а - 23,42 g/1 which com­prises almost th-e maximal va­fues of isolated active chlorine (Fig. 4). Th,erefore the mo,st efficient 15 14 fl 10 в -- - Ореп vtss� - Closed vtssfl --- .. Fig. 2. Dyпamics oi active chloriпe апd stabllity of а 10% basic solutioп prepare d after stirriпg up оп thP. 3rd апd the 6th hour method for th•e preiparat-ion of а 10% basic solution of chloride of lime aimed at separating а maximum amount of active chlorine and for the short,est tiшe consists of ·stirring up the sol1 1tion for 3 and 6 hours and decaпtation of the supernatant por­tion of the solution after 18-24 hours (Fig. 5). In this way about 6 g/1 mare of active chlorine will Ье utilized as compared with the method us-ed so far. This will s,ubstantial,ly increase the efficiency of desinfection. 3 Stabllity and maximal uti lization of aclive cl1lorine from а 10% basic. 83 5. А follow up study of the dyпamics of active cl1loriпe iп solu­tions prepar-ed aft,er botl1 methods (Fig. 1 апd 2) re,,eals tl1at iп solu­tio11s No. 1 апd I а the curve о[ active chloriпe iпcessaпtly гises from the 1st to tl1e 15tl1 day. After tl1at а lo,veriпg of the curve begiпs and continues up to th,e 28-30tl1 day. Later tl1is decrease becomes еv,еп more marked. The curve of ac-tive chlorine iп solutioпs То. 4 апd 4а begiпs 011 the 1st day ;� _]';-.. , Openvesseis w·ith а ]1ighest le,,,e], whicl1 is lO ..  ,. �- - \v,thov/ slirr-inp vp гetaiпed almost 28-30 days 16 i\ �::.:: ]f/;;;;3'$::щn�t;: and dro,ps later. These solu- 16 , '\--· Slirrtnp vp1v,"!IJ•м6kшr, tioпs ,exl1ibit а moпth',s staЬility. 14 .. , For that геаsоп they сап Ье 11 11sed ,vithiп this ,period without 10 апу loss of their active cl1lori11e 6 сопtепt. 6. Fo/Jo,ving up the dyпamic-s of active chloriпe iп solutioпs No. 5 and 5а it is obvious that the cur,•e of active chloriпe is retained at а high Ie,1-el for ;i�'f;il}y �у:а�ЬС.1о ��si�ct�� l u�P��ri�'le с��� about 25-30 days. tainers No. No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Coпclusions 1. Agitatiпg the solution after 3 and 6 hours proves to Ье the most efficient method for the pr-eparation of а 10% basic solution with regard 16 1? 10 6 t..'losed vesse!.s = '1/f;i��iJ';;1&1no,m �- -· - • Slirrin9 ир every 6 /Jovrs t_ --- S/irrin9 up every Jand5nours -...: --�:-,. ''-(>-�"'"::-:.��-►�,"'..,,..o-,"'z.,._:,_, ___ �-· to the separation of maximum active chlorine ,vithin the short­est p,eriod of time. 2. The curve of the •isolated active chlorine in а clear -sol-u­tion Ьу means of the above� meпtion-ed rnethod starts with а high level after 18-24 hours after th,e ,preparation of the basic solution and is retained for 25-30 days. This is indica­t-ive of а consideraЫe staЬility of tl1ese solutions. Allmost the Fig. 4. Dynamics of active chlorine and same data аге оЫаiпеd in cl-ear stabllity of а 10% basic solution in con- solutions without апу sedi-tainers No. No. !а, 2а, За, 4а ments. 3. Th-e preparation of а 10% basic solutioп in а sealed vessel ],eads to ап increase in the percentile coпtent of active chloriпe in а .purif.i.ed sol,ution. 4. The preparation of 10% basic solution of chloride of lime after the abovementioned method would lead to th,e increase of -effici-ency of the desinfection performed. 84 К. Kuzmov, Р. Kokosl1arov, L. Nicheva апd D. Hadjilarska ь ---,,: ?О ',, 10 ',, 1б 14 12 1О 6 б 4 2 -- - tJpм .-essel - Cloted vesset. Fig. 5 .  Dyпamics of acti\'e chloriпe апd stabllity of the purified solutioп without sedimeпt from а 10% basic solutioп, pre­pared Ьу meaпs of stirriпg up after 3 апd 6 hoшs REFERENCES 4 1. В е р бе в, П. Е., Е. Б. Г ъ бе в. - Дезинфекция, дезинсекция и дератизация, Медицина и физкултура. София, 1959. - 2. Ге н о в, М. - Хигиена, 3, 25, 1961. --3. В а ш к о в, В. И. Дезинфекция, дератизация и дезинсекция. Медгиз., Москва, 1956.-4. В а ш к о в, В. И. - Методы и исследования дезинфекционных, дезинсекционных и дерат11зационных препаратов. Медгиз, 1961.-5. Жд а н о  в - Дезинфекция, дезинсек­ция и дсратизация. Организационно методические материалы. Медгиз, Москва, 1955. О СТОПIЮСТИ И МАКСИМАЛЬНОМ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ АКТИВНОГО ХЛОРА ИЗ 10% ОСНОВНОГО РАСТВОРА ХЛОРНОй ИЗВЕСТИ К. Кузмов, П. Кокошаров, Л. Ничева, Д. Гаджиларска РЕЗЮМЕ При приготовлении I О процентного основного раствора из хлорной извести по применяемому до настоящего времени методу с декантиро­ванием через сутки прояснившегося раствора, переходит - 6-7 про­центов меньше активного хлора, так как он задерживается в осадке, который выбрасывают. Путем размешивания через 3 и 6 часов, в прояс­нившейся части выделяется через 18-24 часа максимально возможпое количество активного хлоrа, а именно 22,62 г/л, соотв. 23,43 г/л. К:ривая активного хлора начинается с высокоrо уравня еще в пер­вый день и задерживается в течение 30 дней, что указывает на значи­тельную стойкость этих растворов, и на возможность использовать их в вышеуказанном сроке, без потери в содержании активного хлора в них. 

STABILIТY AND MAXIMAL UТILIZAТION OF ACТIVE CHLORINE FROM А 10% BASIC SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF LIME

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STABILIТY AND MAXIMAL UТILIZAТION OF ACТIVE CHLORINE FROM А 10% BASIC SOLUTION OF CHLORIDE OF LIME

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