ABSTRACT During hydrobiological investigations of diversity of rivers and brooks of Serbia an

B Stojanovic

M Paunovic

Montenegro

Montenegro A Petrovic

Serbia

V Simic

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Biodiversity & Ecosystems 
Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 20/2006/2 67
A NEW RECORDS OF EPEORUS YOUGOSLAVICUS  
(ŠAMAL, 1935) [EPHEMEROPTERA] IN SERBIA  
AND MONTENEGRO 
 
A. Petrovic1, V. Simic1, M. Paunovic2, B. Stojanovic2 
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, 
Serbia and Montenegro1 
«Sinisa Stankovic» Institute for Biological Research, Beograd, Serbia and Montenegro2 
 
ABSTRACT 
During hydrobiological investigations of diversity of rivers and brooks of Serbia and 
Montenegro, new records of Ephemeroptera species, Epeorus yougoslavicus (12) was 
ascertained, in period from 2000 to 2005 years. The find of this species, except that it en-
riches diversity of Ephemeroptera fauna of Serbia and Montenegro, is also important for 
knowledge of distributions of this species. New biotopes of this species in Gobeljska River 
on Kopaonik Mountain represents the most northward border of its areal, known until 
now. On all bitopes where it was found in Serbia and Montenegro, the species occurs in 
very rare populations, that is a case and with its other until now known finds on Balkan 
and Apennine peninsula. Small populations and mutually isolated bitope can be taken as 
parameters on which this species can be consider as endangered for territory of Serbia 
and Montenegro. 
 
Introduction 
During long-year investigations of aquatic 
ecosystems of Serbia and Montenegro and 
with aim of identification of rare and en-
dangered taxons of macroinvertebrates, the 
new find of Ephemeroptera species was 
ascertained, previously known under the 
name Iron yougoslavicus and now under 
the present accepted name Epeorus yougo-
slavicus. The find of this species is new for 
Ephemeroptera fauna of Serbia and Mon-
tenegro, and it is stated on two localities in 
basin of South and West Morava river 
(Serbia) and one locality in upper course of 
Moraca river (Montenegro).  
Until now, the species was known from 
mountain streams of Macedonia (12, 5), 
Bosnia and Herzegovina (10), Greece (8), 
Bulgaria (11), south and south-east part of 
Italia and Sicilia (1). 
On all mentioned previous occurrences 
on territory of Balkan and Apennine penin-
sula, the species was ascertained in moun-
tain area in upper courses of rivers and 
streams. Beside that, on all occurrences, 
populations of this species are small in 
number and were recorded on mutually 
distant localities, so this species can be 
consider as rare, but because of its steno-
valent as endangered, also.  
Materials and Methods 
In period from 2000 to 2005 years, com-
plete investigations of diversity of aquatic 
ecosystems of Serbia were performed, in 
scope of project „Ex-situ protection of 
aquatic ecosystem biodiversity of Serbia“. 
This project also, included formation of 
data base about biodiversity of land waters 
of Serbia, so that data about 916 aquatic 
residences of all types of land waters are 
included. It was recorded and described 
1190 taxons of macroinvertebrates in pe-
riod from 1873 to 2005 years. In Ephemero- 
 
Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 20/2006/2 68
TABLE 1 
Lenght body of larvae: Epeorus yougoslavicus (out of cerc) from Serbia and Montenegro river  
Serbia Montenegro 
Masurička river 13.07.2003 Masurička river 20.08.2005. Gobeljska river 12.08.2005. Morača river 
 
Body size 
(mm) 8.7 7.1 8.86 / 7.8 / 8.1 8,1 
 
ptera group, 97 species were identified.  
Sampling was done by benthic net ac-
cording to Surbrer, in time interval of 5 
minutes. Material was fixed in 4% formal-
dehyde. Identified specimens were com-
pared with collection of Museum of Nature 
in Skopje and determined on the base of 
descriptions which were done by Šamal 
(12) and Ikonomov (5, 6).  
Material from rivers of Montenegro was 
collected by collaborators of Faculty of 
Science, Department of biology in Podgo-
rica. Determined material was storaged and 
it is now in collection of Faculty of Science 
in Kragujevac, under the code AK-111.  
Results and Discussion 
First find of larvae of species Epeorus 
yougoslavicus on teritory of Serbia was 
recorded on locality of upper course of 
Masuricka river (42º 36.170' N; 22º 14.561' 
E), in 13th Jule 2003. There was found 
only one larvae of Epeorus yougoslavicus 
(12). On the same locality was found just 
one more larvae, in 20th August 2005.  
Except locality on Masuricka river, three 
larvae of this species were found during 
investigations of running waters of NP 
Kopaonik in upper course of Gobeljska 
River (43º 23.037` N; 20º 47.397` E), in 
12th august 2005 year.  
From collected material on teritory of 
Montenegro, from localities of upper 
course of Moraca river, only one larvae of 
this species was found. (N ?; E ?) 
Dimensions of found bodies and deter-
mined larvae of species Epeorus yougo-
slavicus are presented in Table 1. 
Lenght of cerci of larvae of Epeorus 
yougoslavicus (12) that was found in 
Gobeljska river is 12.1 mm, while at rest 
speciments cerci were more or less 
damaged during preparation. Adult forms 
of species Epeorus yougoslavicus (12) 
were not recorded at investigated localities.  
Under data represented of Table 1. to see 
dimensions of larvae body smal at larvae 
represented in Macedonia (13). However, 
all other characteristics of larvae, such as: 
form and size of head, “film” of filament 
on front side of head shield, form of protho-
rax, characteristic distribution of hairs on 
cerci, morphology of mandible, maxilla 
with maxilar palp and specially morpholo-
gy of gills, correspond to description that 
was given by mentioned authors. 
Abiotic characteristics of biotopes of 
species Epeorus yougoslavicus (12) on 
territory of Serbia and Montenegro are 
presented in Table 2. 
The species Epeorus yougoslavicus (12) 
was first described by Šamal (12, 13) on 
the base of catched larvae and adults in 
streams of upper course of river at Corab 
mountain (Macedonia). Šamal described 
this species as new for science and under 
the name Iron jugoslavicucus, which is the 
first original name of this new species of 
Ephemeroptera. Ikonomov (5, 7) has 
recorded new finds of species Iron 
jugoslavicus for teritory of Macedonia, 
primarily in mountain areas of Šar 
mountain (altitude above 1200m), but in 
upper course of Vardar and Crni Drim. 
Vidinova (11) quoted finds of this species 
for mountain areas of Vitosa, Rila, Pirina 
and mid parts of Stara planina, in study of 
insect diversity of Bulgaria. The same 
author this species considers very rare and 
endemic, for Bulgaria, as well as for Bal-
kan Peninsula. During expedition through 
Albania, from collected material, Puthz (8, 9) 
has recorded finds of this species for terri- 
tory  of   Greece,   but   he   put  it  in genus 
 
Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 20/2006/2 69
TABLE 2 
Abiotic characteristics of biotopes of species Epeorus yougoslavicus (Šamal, 1935) (Serbia and Montenegro) 
Parameters / Biotopes Masurička river Gobeljska river Morača river 
date 13.07.2003. 20.08.2005 12.08.2005.  
Altitude sea-level (m)  1050  1300 1400 
Width river (m) 4  5 3 
Depth river (m) 0.1-0.60  0.15-0.40 0.20 – 0,60 
Velocity (m/s) 1,6  1,5 1,9 
Bottom characteristics (%) rock- 50 
stone – 40 
others - 10 
 rock- 70 
stone – 20 
others - 10 
rock- 70 
stone – 25 
others - 5 
Temperature (ºC) 15.2 13.9 15.1 13,6 
pH value 7.2 7.01 7.54 7,43 
 Conductivity (µS/cm3) 60 77 130 90 
Oxygen (mg/l) 8.14 11.6 9.94 11,6 
Oxygen (%) 95.8 98.8 102.8 100.7 
 
Epeorus. Also, Baurenfeind (4) quotes 
finds of species Epeorus yougoslavicus for 
territory of Greece. Tanasijević (10) has 
reported finds of larvae and subimage of 
species Epeorus yougoslavicus in upper 
course of Neretva river (Bosnia and Herze-
govina). Braasch (1) and Belfiore (3) has 
identified species Iron yougoslavicus in 
mountain streams of south Italia and Si-
cilia, and by that extends its area of diffu-
sion and out Balkan peninsula. For area of 
south Italia and Sicilia, Belfiore & Antonio 
(2) in list of species also, quote finds of 
larvae of imaga of Epeorus yougoslavicus, 
in biogeographical study of Ephemeroptera.  
From given review, it can be seen that 
some authors align Ephemeroptera species 
Epeorus yougoslavicus taxonomically dif-
ferent, with respect to belonging to corres-
ponding genus. At first, species was de-
scribed in genus Iron, but according to 
most authors its present taxonomic state is 
in genus Epeorus. Under the taxonomic 
nomenclature species Epeorus yougoslavi-
cus was included in data base Fauna of 
Europe (www.faunaeur.org), with annotation 
that it was at first described in genus Iron.  
In the data base – Fauna of Europe – dis-
tribution of species Epeorus yougoslavicus 
is quoted, where also territory of Serbia 
and Montenegro is mentioned, but about 
that there was not any written evidence 
until to results of this study. New data 
about finds of this species for Serbia and 
Montenegro extend its areal of diffusion on 
Balkan Peninsula, and at the same time, its 
new biotope in Gobeljska River on 
Kopaonik Mountain is its endmost north-
west border of distribution that is known 
until now (Fig. 2). 
According to already mentioned investi-
gations (12, 7, 8, 1) species Epeorus you-
goslavicus (12) is classified in stenovalent 
forms, before all in respect to temperature, 
oxigen and speed of water stream, that is 
confirmed on the base of our investigation, 
too (Table 2).  
The finds of this species in waters of 
Serbia and Montenegro (Masurička river, 
Gobeljska river, Morača river) confirm 
states that it populates area of upper and 
mid ritron, and on the altitude from 1000 to 
1500m (Table 2). 
State of population of Epeorus yougo-
slavicus (12) in waters of Serbia and Monte-
negro generally corresponds to state of 
populations from other teritory (Bulgaria, 
Greece, Macedonia, Italia, Sicilia). The inves-
tigations have showed that this species also 
occures    rarely    and  occasionally  in  our  
 
Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 20/2006/2 70
 
 
waters, and that the areas of rivers where it 
occurs are relatively small and limited. 
On the base of present results, and before 
all because of small number populations 
and relatively mutually distant and isolated 
biotopes, as well as stenovalent (7), this 
species can be considered endangered for 
territory of Serbia and Montenegro. De-
tailed investigations of populations of the 
species in the waters of Serbia and Monte-
negro will indicate on category of endan-
gering, and by that on corresponding mea-
sures of protection. 
Acknowldgements 
This work was supported by the Directo-
rate for Environmental Protection of the 
Ministry of Science and Environmental 
Protection of the Republic of Serbia (Pro-
ject “ Ex situ protection of biodiversity of 
aquatic ecosystems of Serbia). The authors 
gratefully acknowledgements the valuable 
support by the Museum for Natural History 
Skopje, and Phd. Vladimir Krpac. We 
would like to thanks to the colleagues from 
the Faculty of Science, University of Pod-
gorica , for material of bottom fauna.  
      A                                                         B
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effectivelly size 8.86mm       Increase 4,28 
  C                                                            D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fig. 1.  Epeorus yougoslavicus (12),  larva: A, B – dorsal view; C,D- ventral view. (exemplars from Gobeljska 
river,  National Park Kopaonik). 
 
Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. 20/2006/2 71
 
 
 
 
Fig. 2. Distribution  Epeorus yougoslavicus (12). A – Europe, B- Serbia and Montenegro.   
     know records,  Epeorus yougoslavicus;       new records,  Epeorus yougoslavicus. 
 
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A 
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A NEW RECORDS OF EPEORUS YOUGOSLAVICUS (ŠAMAL, 1935) [EPHEMEROPTERA] IN SERBIA

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A NEW RECORDS OF EPEORUS YOUGOSLAVICUS (ŠAMAL, 1935) [EPHEMEROPTERA] IN SERBIA

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