a b s t r a c t This paper collects, with few minor formal changes, two of the latest scientific contributions Particular attention is devoted to goal functions, to the relation of matter, energy, space and time and to the interdisciplinary approach connecting thermodynamics and biology. Entropy is discussed as a fundamental goal function in the far from equilibrium framework. The relationship between entropy, as a non-state function, and the state-function energy is stressed and discussed, at the light of the role of information. The theory of probability is also discussed in the light of new theoretical findings related to the role of events, also in terms of entropy and evolutionary thermodynamics. Confined Ontic Open Systems (COOS) represent the latest model proposed by Prof. Tiezzi based on his Ecodynamic theory, evolutionary thermodynamics, Ulanowicz's ontic. The model has a wide range of applications, including ecosystems, ecological economics, urban organization, the supra-molecular structure of water and global biosphere's models. The model is explained in terms of evolutionary thermodynamics and Jørgensen's ecosystems theory
