68 research outputs found
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μ΄λ 견ν΄μλ μκ΄μμ΅λλ€
κ΅κ°κ· νλ°μ μ μν μ§λ°©λν μ‘μ±λ°©μ(Measures to foster regional universities for balanced national development)
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κ³΅κ³΅κΈ°κ΄ μ§λ°©μ΄μ μμ± μ μΆμ§κ³Όμ μ°κ΅¬(A study on the regional relocation policy of public agency in capital region)
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Policy Measures to Strengthen the Competitiveness of Local Junior Colleges and Universities
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λ°©μ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μΆμ§λ°©μμ μ€μμ λΆ κ΄μ μμ μ μνμλ€.1. The background and goal of the study
There is a growing need for a new approach to foster local junior colleges and universities (hereafter local universities). There are complex reasons behind this: the emerging importance of the regional human resources development and regional innovation systems; the steadily weakening competitiveness of local universities; central government's policies for nurturing local universities that have failed to bear their expected fruits, and the new policy for balanced national development pursued by the current government. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to lay the groundwork for mapping out new policies that will support the development of successful local universities. In detail, this study discusses and analyzes the current status and problems of local universities, and draws upon exemplary cases from within and outside the nation on the premise that the policies for nurturing local universities should be prepared within an overall policy framework for balanced national social and economic development. Based on this, the study proposes from the perspective of the central government the goals, direction, and specific policy measures for nurturing local universities.
2. The current status and problems of local universities
Among two-year colleges across the nation, non-metropolitan schools account for 67.9% and 62.7% of the number of schools and the number of students respectively (metropolitan areas, here, means Seoul, Inchon and Kyungki province). In the case of four-year universities, the corresponding figures are 59.5% and 60.7%. The numbers show that a relatively greater number of colleges and universities and students are located in non-metropolitan regions, a reflection of the population of Korea as a whole. 53.8% of people reside in non-metropolitan areas and 55.2% of total gross domestic product is generated by these regions, which also account for 55.2% of total enterprises and 51.1% of those engaging in businesses.
Currently local universities in Korea are facing a variety of problems such as the increasing number of talented students flocking to universities in the metropolitan area, the growing trend of the lack of applicants and the low employment rate and relatively low employment status of local university graduates. Specifically, the more able students are opting for universities in metropolitan areas over those in non-metropolitan areas for reasons of employment opportunities and the prestigious hierarchical system among universities in Korea. This regional migration is further aggravated by the fact that a growing number of students in local universities are transferring to metropolitan universities. In addition, local universities have witnessed a sharply increasing trend of a declining number of applicants; a trend that is likely to deepen further after 2012. It was also found that the average employment rate of graduates from local universities and their rate of employment by the top 100 business are lower than those of graduates from metropolitan universities. Also, it took more time for local university graduates to find their first job than their metropolitan counterparts.
In light of these problems, local universities are now caught in a vicious circle of weakened competitiveness that is both the cause and result of an academic brain drain, which, in turn, will be a drain on the competitiveness of the regions and the nation as a whole. There are complex reasons behind the current problems facing local universities. The economic and social gap between the metropolitan areas and non-metropolitan areas has kept widening; jobs preferred by graduates from two-year and four-year colleges and universities such as those requiring expertise and skills or administrative managerial jobs are mainly located in metropolitan areas; planning and operation of policies by central government are not reflecting the reality of local conditions; partnerships among local universities, local governments and local businesses have not been strong; educational and research facilities of local universities have been poor, which has undermined their competitiveness and finally, from a national perspective, there has been an oversupply of higher education itself.
An analysis of the current status and problems of local universities has led to the following conclusions. First, it is necessary to prepare comprehensive measures that will ensure the co-operation and participation of both central and local governments in order to support local universities effectively. Second, more efforts should be made to improve the competency levels of local authorities for planning and reforming local policies. Third, measures for nurturing local universities should focus on the enhancement of local university's competitiveness. Fourth, to achieve an equilibrium in the balance of supply and demand of university education, non-performing universities should be forced out of the education market and university integration and restructuring should be encouraged. Finally, local schools should be equipped with better employment information systems for effective career and employment guidance.
3. Analysis of policies for nurturing local universities
The study analyzes existing policies carried out by central government including the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development, the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Information and Communication. The policies are organized into four categories according to their goals - whether the nurturing of local universities themselves is the goal or the nurturing of local universities is just a part of fulfilling other objectives - and according to type of application - whether they are school-oriented or professor-oriented.
The analysis found that the following problems exist in carrying out the aforementioned central government policies. First, it was difficult to make an accurate assessment of the results of projects arising from such policy since project goals had not been specifically described in the first place. Second, local universities do not have institutions in place capable of responding to policy projects designed to help in their improvement. As for the government's policies in general, it has been pointed out that policy projects have been carried out without the necessary coordination among the government agencies themselves. For example, projects commissioned by the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development have been executed without proper coordination with the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy. The effective execution of policy projects has also been further undermined by the failure of local universities to make required improvements in their institutions. In conclusion, before pursuing any policy project with the goal of nurturing local universities, it is first necessary to determine whether a similar kind of policy project is underway, and, if there is, to make sure that proper coordination on both content and methodology between the existing and new project is carried out.
4. Case studies of local universities for development of local human resources
In order to discover factors for nurturing local universities and to seek ways to strengthen the competitiveness of local universities, an analysis was made of successful cases in Japan and the U.K. and of certain domestic universities, such as Handong University, Yeongsan University, Bugyeong University, Hoseo University, Gyeongnam Information College and Daedeok College.
As a result, some factors were identified as being essential to the carrying out of policies for nurturing local universities. First, universities themselves should be strongly committed to the principle of ongoing development. Second, restructuring of universities should be planned and implemented in the long-term perspectives taking into account the opinion of every party of the university. Third, local universities need to strengthen practical education in response to the demands of local industry and facilitate cooperation with businesses in order to raise the employment rate of graduates and to draw more applicants. Fourth, it is necessary to pursue the development of local universities in line with the economic, social and cultural development of the region in a comprehensive and systematic way through coordination among government agencies. Fifth, partnerships among local universities should be established in order to heighten their competitiveness and to tackle the problem of decreasing numbers of applicants. Finally, local universities need to develop and provide education and training programs for employees in local businesses.
5. Measures to strengthen the competitiveness of local universities
Based on the analyses mentioned above, the study discussed and proposed the goal of nurturing local universities, and policy directions and measures for their implementation from the perspective of central government. The strengthening of the human resources development and R&D for the development of industry and science of local universities was set up as a policy goal. Policy directions are also proposed: policy implementation from the viewpoint of comprehensive and balanced national and local development, policy initiation and pursuit by local stakeholder, and performance-oriented policy implementation.
Along with the goal and directions of policies to nurture local universities, the study also proposed policy measures from the perspective of the central government. First, a system to link and coordinate policies for nurturing local universities should be put in place. In detail, the policies for local universities should be linked and coordinated with the policies for balanced development of the nation through the Council for Balanced National Development. Also, the function of the Committee on Human Resources Development should be strengthened in terms of linkage and coordination with policies for nurturing local universities. In addition, a consultative body for local development with the participation of local entities should be formed and operated. Second, local partnerships should be set up and facilitated. As part of these efforts, central government should provide financial and administrative incentives to encourage local stakeholder to actively participate in local university development projects and to induce local universities to make closer cooperation among themselves. Third, there should be extended supports for universities making efforts to reduce enrollment quota and to redesign the department structure including the integration of departments, as well as for the specialization project to develop university's specialty. Fourth, a legal and institutional framework should be laid for the closure of non-performing schools and easier integration among schools. Fifth, administrative and financial support should be increased for enhanced cooperation with businesses and for the establishment and operation of an association composed of business representatives from industry and an academic-industry consultative body. Sixth, information infrastructure for local human resources development and a system for ensuring the stability of local employment should be established and operated.
The study also proposes policy implementation methods as follows: enactment of a Special Act for Nurturing Local Junior Colleges and Universities, incorporation of provisions for the development of local universities into the Special Act for Balanced National Development, establishment and operation of a Special Account for the Development of Local Universities, incorporation of items concerning the development of local universities into the Special Account for Balanced National Development, and establishment of a scientific and objective policy assessment system. As for the distribution of central government's budget for nurturing local universities, the study suggests two measures. First, it is necessary to set a national minimum level of educational and research standards and to distribute fairly a certain proportion of the budget to each region in order to guarantee the minimum level and later adjust the budget distribution based on the result of policy implementation. Second, in distributing the R&D budget of each government agency, it is desirable to distribute a certain share of the budget to each region and then let the local universities compete among themselves.λͺ© μ°¨
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ABSTACT 11
Data-Driven System Analysis for Regional Issues
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λ± λ€μν λΆμΌμ μμλ§μΆ€ν μ¦κ±°κΈ°λ° μ μ±
μ λν μμ¬κ²°μ μ μ§μν μ μμΌλ©°, κ΄λ ¨λ λ²Β·μ λ κ°νΈμ ν©λ¦¬μ μ΄κ³ μ λμ μΈ κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ§λ ¨νκ³ κΈ°μ΄μλ£λ‘μ¨ μ 곡ν μ μλ€κ³ μ¬λ£λλ€.The development of big data and knowledge information technology enables researchers to find effective ways to use data as evidence for making decisions and policies and solving problems. Data sciences also help scholars accurately recognize problems with systems, identify key data to solve problems, and analyze data using appropriate techniques to produce meaningful results.
In agricultural and rural regions, governments also seek derive quantitative approaches to solve problems by considering regional characteristics while effectively utilizing limited resources in poor environments such as a diminishing population, aging, and hollowing in rural areas. Thus, it is necessary to identify the specifics issues related to the phenomenon based on system perspectives using data science and to identify quantitative, customized, and practical solutions ongoing issues in rural areas.
The main objective of this dissertation is to define the ecological-social systems issues in rural areas. These problems can be solved from system perspectives, and solutions can be found based on data science techniques. First, this dissertation reviewed the literature related to regional development projects in South Korea and categorized rural issues such as improving the settlement conditions and creating income sources. Second, for each issue, the problem was defined from a system perspectives and processes to solve the problem were recommended based on data science-based analytical techniques. Third, through this analysis process, the study evaluated the availability of data from various components of rural systems and their applicability to appropriate analytical techniques.
In the chapter titled, "A Study on the Derivation and Categorization of Regional Problems," the impact of Korea's national vision, national goals, national strategy, and national tasks were presented in each government's five-year plan related to the composition and implementation of regional development projects. Through the literature review related to regional development projects, the regional issues were categorized into two types: (1) settlement environment improvement by maintaining the living environment and (2) income creation by diversifying economic activities.
The chapter titled, "System Analysis for the Improvement of Rural Settlement Environment," two issues were addressed to define and solve problems in the education and emergency medical sectors. The first study in the education field analyzed and recommended solutions on the operation or closure of schools using heuristic spatial optimization techniques to consolidate educational facilities in rural areas due to the decreasing school-age population. The second study in the emergency medical field analyzed changes in accessibility to emergency medical services due to real-time road speed changes in urban and rural areas. Emergency medical vulnerabilities and survival rate of emergency patients were also analyzed, and various emergency scenarios were constructed to recommend improvement measures based on the survival probability change analysis.
The chapter on "System Analysis for Rural Income Creation," analyzed problems related to improving crop distribution and value-added generation. In the distribution improvement study, a new type of smart logistic system was suggested using idle space and eco-friendly transportation in a regional network to minimize the marginal cost of agricultural transportation. Applicability was also evaluated by comparing the existing delivery networks. The study in the value-added generation field aimed to establish statistical inference-based certification standards for low-carbon agricultural product certification systems. Statistical alternatives to appropriate certification criteria for low-carbon agricultural production certification schemes were also proposed by comparing the existing national average values considering the uncertainties in agricultural production conditions.
This dissertation with a series of studies contributes to regional development and planning and provide the following academic significance. First, this dissertation presents data science-based quantitative measures to solve problems considering rural characteristics by applying various types of big data such as real-time traffic information as well as geographical and statistical information. In addition, a direction to explore practical measures is presented using examples of quantitative analytical techniques that can be structured and solved by formalizing regional problems from a systems perspective.
This dissertation also addresses the limitations of existing studies on rural policies based on administrative statistics and lays the groundwork for establishing data-based policies using more quantitative methodologies. The results can support evidence-based policy decisions tailored to the demands in various fields including health, welfare, education, and industry in rural areas in the future. The recommendations also provide reasonable and quantitative grounds for reforming related laws, policies, and regulations.μ 1 μ₯ μ λ‘ 1
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Abstract 295λ°
Revitalizing Sports Events for National Balanced Development: A Study on the Transformation of the National Sports Festival Venue
PURPOSE This study presents a policy proposal to integrate the National Sports Festival and sport-specific competitions into a broader national balanced development plan, particularly targeting regions facing potential obsolescence. METHODS Applying both balanced growth theory and unbalanced growth theory, we analyzed the issue through a comprehensive review of the literature, encompassing both domestic and international cases. RESULTS Our findings lead to several key conclusions and policy recommendations. Firstly, we recommend the relocation of the National Sports Festival hosting rights to regions at risk of becoming obsolete. Secondly, we propose the designation of specific venues for each sport event. Thirdly, we emphasize the development of sports events that uniquely characterize specific regions. Fourthly, we suggest engaging local residents of host cities to form a robust sports event support staff. Fifthly, we advocate for the enhancement of local accommodation facilities. Lastly, we envision the transformation of the National Sports Festival into a βKorea Openβ event. CONCLUSIONS This study holds significance in its contribution to national balanced development through the strategic utilization of sports events, such as national sports festivals
νκ΅ κ³΅κ³΅κ³νμ μ§νμ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬: κ²½μ κΈ°νμμμ κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμνλ‘
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μμμ νΉμ±μ 보μ΄λ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬λ€. μ΄μ κ°μ΄ κ³ν ννΒ·λ°©μΒ·μμμ μΈ‘λ©΄μμλ λ³νλ₯Ό 보μ΄μ§λ§, μΌλΆ νΉμ±μ κ³Όκ±° κ³νμ λλ‘λΆν° κ²½λ‘μμ‘΄μ μΌλ‘ μ§μλλ μ±ν₯μ λ³Ό μ μλ€. κ²½μ κΈ°νμμ΄ λν΅λ Ήμ μ λ’° λ° λΆμ² μμ° νΈμ±κΆμ κ·Όκ±°λ‘ κ³΅κ³΅κ³νμ μΆμ§ν μ μμλ μ λμ μμ¨μ±μ΄ κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμνμ κ΅μ κ³Όμ μΆμ§ κ³Όμ μμλ λνλ¬λ€. λν΅λ Ήμ κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμνμ λν΅λ Ήμ£Όμ¬νμ μ΄μμ μ£Όλ ₯νλ©΄μ κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμνκ° μλ¬Έμ κΈ°λ₯μ μ΄μνμ¬ μ¬μΒ·μκ²° κΈ°λ₯μ νκ² νμλ€. λν κ²½μ κΈ°νμμ΄ μμ°νΈμ±κΆκ³Ό κ°μ νΉλ³ κΆνμ κ°μ‘λ κ²μ²λΌ, μΌλΆ κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμνλ μ€μΉκ·Όκ±°λ‘μ νΉλ³λ²μ μ μ νκ³ κ³Όμ μΆμ§μ μν μ¬μμ ν보νμλ€. μ΄λ κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμνκ° λ²λ₯ λ‘ μ ν 곡μμ μΈ κ³νμΆμ§ μ λ΄κΈ°κ΅¬κ° λμμΌλ©°, μ μ±
κ³Ό μμ°μ ν΅ν©κ΅¬μ‘°λ₯Ό μ€ννλ€λ μλ―Έλ₯Ό μ§λλ€.
μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ 곡곡κ³νμ μ΄λ‘ μ λ° μ€μ²μ ν¨μλ₯Ό μ μνλ©΄ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€. 첫째, κ³Όμ° νκ΅μ 곡곡κ³νμ ν©λ¦¬μ Β·μ’
ν©μ κ³νμμ νλ ₯μ κ³νμΌλ‘ ν¨λ¬λ€μμ΄ μ νλκ³ μλκ°? κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμνμ μν 곡곡κ³νμ μΌλΆ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ 보면 νλ ₯μ κ³νμΌλ‘ μ νν κ²μΌλ‘ 보μ΄λ, κ³νμΆμ§μ μμ΄μλ κ²½μ κΈ°νμμ μ λμ μμ¨μ±κ³Ό μ μ¬ν νΉμ±μ 보μΈλ€. μ΄λ κ³ν ν¨λ¬λ€μμ μ νμ΄λΌκΈ°λ³΄λ€λ, κΈ°μ‘΄ μ λμ μΌλΆλ₯Ό μμ νκ³ μΌλΆ μ λλ κ·Έλλ‘ μ μ§νλ λΆλΆμ λ³κ²½, λ€μ λ§ν΄ κ³ν μ λμ μ§νλ‘ λ³Ό μ μλ€.
λμ§Έ, κ²½μ κΈ°νμ νμ§ μ΄νμ 곡곡κ³νμ κ²ν ν΄ λ³Ό λ, λν΅λ Ήμ μκΈ° 5λ
κ³Ό μ€μ₯κΈ°κ³νμ 5λ
μ΄λΌλ κΈ°κ°μ΄ μΌμΉν΄μ λνλκΈ° μμνλ€. κΆλ ₯ꡬ쑰μ 곡곡κ³ν κΈ°κ°μ μΌμΉλ‘ μΈνμ¬, λν΅λ Ήμ μκΈ° λ΄μ κ³νμ μ립νκ³ μ§νκΉμ§ λ§μ³μΌ νλ©°, μ΄λ μ€μ₯κΈ°κ³νμ μ±κ³Όμ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ λ³Ό λ λ€μ νμμ μΈ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ°μ Έμ¬ μ μλ€. λ°λΌμ 곡곡κ³νμ μ΄μ κ°μ ꡬ쑰μ λ¬Έμ λ ν₯ν μ κΆ λ³λ λ° κ³ν μΆμ§ κ³Όμ μμ κ³ λ €ν νμκ° μλ€.
λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ μλ‘μ΄ κ³νκΈ°κ΅¬λ‘ λ±μ₯ν λν΅λ Ήμμ μλ¬Έμμνμ 곡과λ₯Ό λ
Όμνλ©΄, μ°μ κ΅λ―Όμ 곡κ°λ μμμ κ΅κ°μ λ°μ λ°©ν₯μ μ‘°μ νκ³ κ°μ©μμμ ν¨μ¨μ μΌλ‘ μ¬μ©νκΈ° μν΄μλ λν΅λ Ήμ§μ 기ꡬ ννμ΄λ©΄μ μνμ μΈ ν©μ체κ³λ₯Ό κ°μΆ μμν μ‘°μ§μ΄ ν₯ν κ³ν기ꡬμ ννλ‘μ μ μλ μ μλ€. νΉν κ³ν νκ²½μ΄ μ μ λ λ€μν΄μ§λ€λ μ μμ λ―Όκ°μΈμ κ΅μ μ°Έμ¬λ νμ μ λ°μμ μ 곡νλ κΈ°λ₯μ ν μ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ΄ μ°κ΅¬μμλ λνλλ― μΌμμ μ
무μ μ΅μν κ΄λ£μ μ νΉμ±μ΄ λ³ννκΈ°λ μ΄λ €μ°λ―λ‘, μλ‘μ΄ μ‘°μ§ μλμ λ¬Έμ κ° λ°μν μ μλ€. λν μμν μ§λ¬΄ μ체λ₯Ό λͺ
νν ꡬλΆνλλ°λ μ΄λ €μμ΄ λ°λ₯Ό μ μλ€.
μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Ό λ° ν¨μλ₯Ό λ°μνμ¬ κ΅κ°μ 곡곡κ³νμ μ립νκ³ μ§ννλ λ± ν₯ν μ€μ²μ μμ΄μ, κΆλ ₯ꡬ쑰μ μν₯μ λ°μ§ μμΌλ©΄μ κ³ν νκ²½ λ³νμ λν μ‘°μ μ΄ κ°λ₯ν κ³ν기ꡬμ μ μ€μ λν΄ λ
Όμν μ μκ² λ€.μ 1μ₯ μ λ‘ 1
1. μ°κ΅¬μ λ°°κ²½ 1
2. μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ 3
μ 2μ₯ μ΄λ‘ μ λ°°κ²½κ³Ό μ°κ΅¬λ΄μ© 5
1. κ΅κ°μ 곡곡κ³ν 5
1) λ°μ κ΅κ°λ‘ 6
2) 곡곡κ³νλ‘ 13
2. μ λΆμ‘°μ§μ μ μ€κ³Ό λ³ν 21
1) μΈκ³μ 체(ζΏι«)μ΄λ‘ 21
2) μμ¬μ μ λμ£Όμ 26
3. μ°κ΅¬λ΄μ© 32
1) μ°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ μ κ°μ€ 32
2) μ°κ΅¬λ°©λ² 35
μ 3μ₯ κ³ν기ꡬ λ° κΈ°λ₯μ μμ¬μ κ²½λ‘ 40
1. κ³ν기ꡬλ‘μμ κ²½μ κΈ°νμ 40
1) κΈ°νβ€μ‘°μ μ λΆλΆμ²μ λ±μ₯ 40
2) 곡곡κ³νμ λͺ©νμ λ΄μ© 49
3) κ³νμ 체κ³μ κ΄λ¦¬ 55
2. κ²½μ κΈ°νμμ ν΄μ²΄μ κΈ°λ₯μ λΆμ° 59
1) κ²½μ κΈ°νμμ νμ§ 59
2) κ³νμ립 κΈ°λ₯ λ° μμ°νΈμ±κΆμ μ΄κ΄ 62
3) μ΄κ΄μ‘°μ κΈ°λ₯μ μ΄μ 65
3. κ²½μ κΈ°νμ νμ§ μ΄ν κ΅μ λͺ©νμ κ΅κ°μ μ±
69
1) κΉμμΌ μ λΆ: μ κ²½μ 5κ°λ
κ³ν 70
2) κΉλμ€ μ λΆ: 100λ κ΅μ κ³Όμ 73
3) λ
Έλ¬΄ν μ λΆ: 100λ λ‘λ맡 κ³Όμ 76
4. λν΅λ Ήμμ μλ¬Έμμνμ λΆμ 79
1) λν΅λ Ήμμ μλ¬Έμμνμ μμ 79
2) λν΅λ Ήμμ μλ¬Έμμνμ μ°ν 81
3) λν΅λ Ήμμ μλ¬Έμμνμ μμ 84
μ 4μ₯ λ
Έλ¬΄ν μ λΆ κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμν μ¬λ‘μ°κ΅¬ 88
1. κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμνμ λ±μ₯ 88
1) κ΅μ κ³Όμ μ κ΅¬μΆ 88
2) κ΅μ κ³Όμ μΆμ§κΈ°κ΅¬μ μ€μΉ 91
2. κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμνμ κΈ°λ° μ‘°μ± 97
1) μ‘°μ§ νκ²½μ 체κ³ν 98
2) μ‘°μ§ μ΄μμ μ λν 106
3. λν΅λ Ή νλ‘μ νΈμ μΆμ§ μ²΄κ³ 114
1) κ΅μ κ³Όμ μ μ§ν κ΄λ¦¬ 114
2) κ΅μ κ³Όμ μ§νμ μ‘°μ 124
μ 5μ₯ κ²½μ κΈ°νμμμ κ΅μ κ³Όμ μμνλ‘: νκ°μ ν¨μ 131
1. 곡곡κ³νμ μ§ν 131
1) κ³νμ νν: κ³νμμ λ‘λ맡μΌλ‘ 131
2) κ³νμ λ°©μ: μ λΆμμ κ±°λ²λμ€λ‘ 134
3) κ³νμ μμ: κ²½μ κ³νμμ μ μ±
κ³νμΌλ‘ 137
2. 곡곡κ³νμ μμ¬μ κ²½λ‘μμ‘΄ 141
1) λν΅λ Ή μΉμ (θ¦ͺζΏ) 리λμ 142
2) κ³ν기ꡬμ νΉλ³ μ§μ λ° κΆν 152
3. μ΄λ‘ μ λ° μ€μ²μ ν¨μ 159
1) κ³ν ν¨λ¬λ€μμ μ ν 159
2) κΆλ ₯ꡬ쑰μ 곡곡κ³ν 160
3) μμν λ°©μμ 곡과 163
μ 6μ₯ κ²°λ‘ 166
β€μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 172
β€Abstract 191Docto
μ§μνΉμ±ν λ°μ μ μν νμ ν΄λ¬μ€ν° μ‘μ±λ°©μ μ°κ΅¬(A study on the innovation cluster strategy for regional specialization)
λ
ΈνΈ : μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ³΄κ³ μμ λ΄μ©μ κ΅ν μ°κ΅¬μμ μ체 μ°κ΅¬λ¬Όλ‘μ μ λΆμ μ μ±
μ΄λ 견ν΄μλ μκ΄μμ΅λλ€
μ§μ κ· μ΄μ 'κ· μ΄': μλ¨ μ§μμ£Όμμ μ½νλ₯Ό μ€μ¬μΌλ‘
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μ μΉμΈκ΅νλΆ, 2017. 2. κ°μν.νκ΅μ μ κ±°λ₯Ό μ€λͺ
νλ λ° λΉΌλμ μ μλ λ³μλ λ°λ‘ μ§μμ΄λ€. μ κ±° λΆμμμ μ§μ λ³μλ κ±°μ λͺ¨λ λ€λ₯Έ λ³μλ€μ μλνλ©° μ κΆμλ€μ ν¬ν ννμ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉκ³ μλ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλλ€. νΉμ μ λΉκ³Ό κ·Έ ν보μλ€μ΄ νΉμ μ§μμμ μλμ μΈ μ§μ§λ₯Ό ν보νλ νμ, κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό ν μ λΉμ΄ μ΄λ μ§μμ κ±°μ λͺ¨λ μ§μꡬμμ λΉμ μλ₯Ό λ°°μΆν΄λ΄λ νμμ λ―Όμ£Όν μ΄ν κ±°μ λͺ¨λ μ κ±°μμ 곡ν΅μ μΌλ‘ λνλκ³ μλ€.
μ΄ κΈμ μ§μμ£Όμ μ μΉκ° μΈνμ μΈ κ²¬κ³ ν¨μλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ κ·Έλμ μ½νλμ΄ μμμ μ μνκ³ μ νλ€. νΉν νΈλ¨μ λ립νλ νλμ μ§μμΌλ‘μ λΆλ₯λμ΄ μ¨ μλ¨ μ§μμ λꡬ·경λΆ(TK), λΆμ°Β·μΈμ°Β·κ²½λ¨(PK)μ΄λΌλ νμ μ§μμΌλ‘ ꡬλΆνκ³ , μλ¨ μ§μ λ΄λΆμ μ§μ κ· μ΄μ μμμ νμ
νκ³ μ νλ€. μ΄λ¬ν λ³νμ μμμ νμΈνκΈ° μν΄ μ κ±° κ²°κ³Όμ λν κ²½νμ λΆμκ³Ό ν¨κ» λꡬ λ° λΆμ°μ λνμ μΈ μ λ¬Έμ μ¬μ€μ λν λΆμμ ν΅ν΄ μ§μ λ΄λΆμ μ¬λ‘ λν₯μ λ³νλ μ΄ν΄λ³΄μλ€.
1992λ
μ κ±°μμλ PK μ§μμμ, 2004λ
κ³Ό 2016λ
μ κ±°μμλ TK μ§μμμ μλλ¦¬κ³ μ λΉκ³Ό ν보μμ λνμ¨μ΄ λ λμ μμΉλ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘νλ€. μΈ λ²μ μ κ±°λ₯Ό μ νν μκΈ° λμ λ μ λ¬Έ λͺ¨λμμ μ μ°¨ μ§λ°©κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨ν μ΄μ, κ·Έ μ€μμλ μ§μ κ²½μ μ λν κ΄μ¬κ³Ό μΈκΈμ΄ ν¬κ² μ¦κ°νλ€. λν, μ§μ κ²½μ μ νμ±νλ₯Ό μν μ¬λ¬ μμ€μ΄λ κΈ°κ΄μ μ€μ μ λΆλ‘λΆν° μ μΉνκΈ° μν΄μλ μ μΉμ μλ―Έμμλ κ°μ μ§μμ΄μλ TK μ§μκ³Ό PK μ§μμ‘°μ°¨λ κ²½μνλ κ΄κ³κ° λ μλ μμλ€. μ΄μ ν¨κ», λλ―Όμ£Όκ³ μ μΉμΈλ€μ 2004λ
μ΄μ μ΄λ κΎΈμ€ν PK μ§μμμ λΉμ μλ₯Ό λ°°μΆν΄μλ€. λ μ΄μ TK μ§μκ³Ό PK μ§μμ μ μΉμ μΌλ‘ μ΄μ κ³Ό κ°μ κ²°μμ μ μ§νμ§ λͺ»νκ³ μλ€.
1987λ
λν΅λ Ή μ κ±°μ 1988λ
κ΅νμμ μ κ±°λ₯Ό κ±°μΉλ©° μλ¨ μ κΆμλ€, νΉν PK μ§μμ μ κΆμλ€μ μ§μ μΆμ μ μΉμΈ κΉμμΌμ μ μΉμ λΌμ΄λ²μ΄μλ κΉλμ€μ λν΄ λΆλ§κ³Ό λΉνμ κ°μ§κ³ μμλ€. 1990λ
3λΉ ν©λΉμΌλ‘ νΈλ¨μ μ§μμ μΌλ‘ κ³ λ¦½λμκ³ , ννλ―Όμ£ΌλΉμ μ μΉμ μΌλ‘ μμΈλλ©΄μ μ΄λ¬ν μμμ μ¬νλμλ€. ννλ―Όμ£ΌλΉμ΄ μ μΉμ μ§μ§μ κ·λͺ¨λ₯Ό νλνλ κ³Όμ μμ μλΉ κ° μ΄λ
μ μ°¨λ³μ±μ μ μ°¨ λλ ·ν΄μ‘λ€. μ΄ κ³Όμ μμ κΉλμ€μ λν λΆμ μ μΈ μ΄λ―Έμ§μ λ°νΈλ¨ μ§μκ°μ , κΈμ§μ μ΄λ―Έμ§μ λν λ°κ°, μΒ·νΈλ¨ μ§μ κ°μ λΌμ΄λ² μμ λ±μ΄ κ²°ν©ν΄ μλ¨ μ§μμ λλ ·ν μΈμ§λ¨μΌλ‘μμ νΈλ¨μ΄ νμ±λμκ³ , TK λ° PK μ§μμ μλ¨μΌλ‘μμ λ΄μ§λ¨ μ 체μ±μ΄ ν립λμλ κ²μ΄λ€.
μλ¨ μ§μμ κ²°μμ μ μ§νκ² νλ μΈμ§λ¨μ κΉλμ€ λν΅λ Ήμ΄ μ μΉμ μν΄λ₯Ό λ§μ΄νλ©΄μ μ μ°¨ μ½νλμλ€. λν, 2002λ
λν΅λ Ή μ κ±°μμλ λΆμ° μΆμ μ λ
Έλ¬΄ν νλ³΄κ° νΈλ¨μ μ§μ§ κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ νλ μ λΉμ ν보λ‘μ λν΅λ Ήμ μ μΆλμλ€. νΉν, λ
Έλ¬΄νμ νΈλ¨λΉμΌλ‘ λΆλ¦¬λ μ λΉμ μμμΌλ‘ μμ°¨λ‘ λΆμ° μ§μμ μΆλ§νλ λ± μ§μμ£Όμ ννλ₯Ό μν΄ λ
Έλ ₯ν΄μ¨ μ μΉμΈμ΄μλ€. μ΄λ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μλ¨ μ κΆμλ€μ΄ κ°μ§κ³ μμλ μΈμ§λ¨κ³Ό λ΄μ§λ¨μ ꡬλΆμ μ΄λ μ λ λͺ¨νΈνκ² λ§λ€μλ€.
2002λ
λν΅λ Ή μ κ±° λΉμλ νκ΅ μ μΉμ μ¬ν μ λ°μ λν΄ κ°νμ μꡬνλ λͺ©μλ¦¬κ° λμλ€. λ
Έλ¬΄ν λν΅λ Ή λΉμ κ³Ό μ°Έμ¬μ λΆ μΆλ² μ΄ν μ μΉκΆμμλ μ¬λ¬ μ μΉ κ°νμ μ€νμ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ‘λ€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ κΆμλ€μ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμμ μ μΉ μμμ λν λ§μ‘±κ°μ΄ μ΄μ μκΈ°μ λΉν΄ μ¦κ°νλ€. μ΄λ μ κΆμλ€μ΄ μ€μνλ€κ³ μκ°νλ μ΄μ μμμ λ³νλ₯Ό κ°μ Έμλλ°, μ μ°¨ κ²½μ μ μμμ μμ λ€μ΄ μ€μν΄μ§ κ²μ΄λ€.
μ΄λ¬ν μν©μμ μ°Έμ¬μ λΆκ° μΆμ§νλ κ΅κ°κ· νλ°μ μ μ±
μ 침체λ μ§μ κ²½μ λ₯Ό νμ±ννλ κ³κΈ°λ‘ μΈμλμλ€. 곡곡기κ΄κ³Ό μ¬λ¬ κΈ°κ΄λ€μ μ§λ°© μ μΉ, κ° μ§λ°© κΆμλ³ νΉμ μ¬μ
μ μ λ° μ§μ λ± μ€μμ λΆλ‘λΆν° κ²½μ μ μμμ λ°°λΆλ°κΈ° μν΄ λ€λ₯Έ μ§λ°© μ λΆλ€κ³Ό κ²½μν΄μΌ νλ μν©μ΄ λλνλ€. μ€λ«λμ PK μ§μμ νλμ μνκΆκ³Ό κ²½μ κΆμ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μμΌλ―λ‘, κ²½μ μ μ΄ν΄κ΄κ³μ λ°λΌ TK μ§μμΌλ‘λΆν° λΆλ¦¬ν΄ PK μ§μλ§μ΄ μλ‘μ΄ λ΄μ§λ¨μ μΌμ²΄κ°μ νμ±νκ² λμλ€. μ΄μ λ μ΄μ μ΄μ κ³Ό κ°μ΄ TK μ§μκ³Ό PK μ§μμ΄ νλμ μλ¨ μ§μμΌλ‘μ μ μΉμ μλ―Έμ μ§μμ£Όμμ λ°μνμ§ μκ² λ κ²μ΄λ€.
μ΄μ λλΆμ΄, PK μ§μμμ λλ―Όμ£Όκ³ μ λΉκ³Ό ν보μλ€μ΄ μ μ°¨ κ·Έ μ§μ§λ₯Ό λνλκ°λλ°, μ΄λ νμ§μμ£Όμλ₯Ό μν΄ λ
Έλ ₯νλ κ° ν보μλ€μ΄ κΎΈμ€ν μ§μ μ κΆμλ€μκ² μ§μ§λ₯Ό νΈμν΄μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. λλ―Όμ£Όκ³ ν보μλ€μ μ§μ μ κΆμλ€μκ² μ² μ μ μΉμΈμ΄ μλλΌλ μ§μ μ±μ νΈμνκ³ , μ§μμ΄ νμλ‘ νλ μ μ±
μμ λ₯Ό λ°κ΅΄νλ λ±μ λͺ¨μ΅μ ν΅ν΄ μ€μ€λ‘μ λμ κ°λ₯μ±μ λμ¬μλ€.
PK μ§μλΏ μλλΌ, μ μ°¨ μλ¨ μ κΆμλ€ μ¬μ΄μ λλ―Όμ£Όκ³ μ λΉκ³Ό ν보μλ€μ΄ μΉμν΄μ§κ³ , μ΄λ€μκ² νλ₯Ό μ€ μλ μκ² λ€λ μΈμμ΄ μ μ°¨ λ리 νμ°λλ©΄ μλ¨ μ§μμμ μλλ¦¬κ³ μ λΉ μ°μμ μ§μμ£Όμ ꡬλκ° μ½νλλ νλ¦μ κ°μνλ κ²μ΄λ€.Regionalism is a key variable in analyzing Korean election results. A dominant support for and a landslide victory by a certain party in a given region have been common phenomena in almost all elections since the countrys democratization in 1987.
This study argues that the dominant effect of regionalism in voting behavior has been debilitated in spite of its apparent solidity. Specifically, this study differentiates Yeongnam, which previously have been classified as one region, into two sub-regions, Daegu/Gyeongbuk(TK) and Busan/Ulsan/Gyeongnam(PK) and investigates the regional cleavage between them. In order to examine the pattern of these changes in regionalism, this study aims to look at both the election results and public opinion in TK and PK region through empirical election data and regional newspapers editorials in TK(Maeil-Sinmun) and PK(Busan-Ilbo).
In the 1992 general election, the average percentage of votes for Saenuri-Party-Affiliates(SPA) candidates in the PK region was higher than that of TK. However, in the 2004 and 2016 general elections, the share was higher in the TK region. In proportional representation elections, SPA showed the similar trend as well. Both TK and PK regions are known for their almost unanimous support for SPA. However, it is clear that electorates in TK and PK has been demonstrating different voting behaviors even before the 2016 general election.
In the course of the three elections, regional newspapers presented increasing interests and concerns on local issues, especially on the local economy. It has also become clear that TK and PK, which were once a single unit, are now competing each other to attract facilities and institutions to boost their disparate regional economies. The competition for accommodating the new southeast airport is a good example of this rivalry.
This schism in Yeongnam Regionalism has gradually developed since democratization in 1987. After the 1987 presidential election and the 1988 general election, the complaints and criticisms of Yeongnam voters on Kim Daejung increased. This was because Kim Daejung created a new party just before the presidential election, and his political move resulted in a failure of agreement on a single presidential candidate between him and Kim Youngsam. In addition, because of Three-Party-Mergence in 1990, Honam area was locally and politically isolated. The negative image of Kim Dae-jung was directly related to how Honam was perceived among voters, especially in Yeongnam region. As a result, Honam became a distinct out-group of Yeongnam, and the identity of Yeongnam as the in-group was established.
In 2002 presidential election, Roh Moo-hyun, who was from PK, was elected as the presidential candidate for a political party supported by Honam. Roh, who had been trying to defeat the regionalism, had gained greater support in PK region compared to Kim Daejung in 1997 election. Political reforms of Roh administration increased satisfaction of voters on democracy and the political agenda. The Balanced National Development Policy was one of such reforms. Due to this policy, regional governments began to compete each other to earn more economic resources from the central government.
As a result of these changes, Yeongnam split into two sub-regions, and the electorates began to form different senses of identity from the new in-groups based on the sub-regions. At the same time, PK electorates began to seriously consider non-SPA party and its candidates as their alternative political representatives. TK electorates and PK electorates show significant group differences in their political awareness. An increasing number of electorates in PK are expressing their support for the candidates of non-SPA. As a result, PK electorates are breaking away from Yeongnam, the former mono-political unit.μ 1μ₯. μλ‘ 1
μ 1μ . λ¬Έμ μ κΈ° λ° μ°κ΅¬μ λ°°κ²½ 1
μ 2μ . μ°κ΅¬ λμ λ° μ°κ΅¬ λ°©λ² 3
μ 3μ . λ
Όλ¬Έμ κ΅¬μ± 7
μ 2μ₯. κΈ°μ‘΄ μ°κ΅¬λ¬Έν κ²ν 8
μ 1μ . μ§μμ£Όμμ κΈ°μμ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬ 8
(1) μμ¬μ μ κ·Ό 8
(2) μ§μλ°μ κ²©μ°¨λ‘ 10
(3) μ μΉλμλ‘ 12
(4) ν©λ¦¬μ μ ν μ΄λ‘ 15
(5) μ¬νμ¬λ¦¬ μ΄λ‘ 17
μ 2μ . μ§μμ£Όμμ λ³νμ μ§μμ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬ 20
μ 3μ . κΈ°μ‘΄ μ°κ΅¬μμ μ°¨λ³μ± λ° μ°κ΅¬μ μμ 24
μ 3μ₯. μ΄λ‘ μ λΆμν 26
μ 1μ . μ¬λ¦¬μ λ²μ£Όνμ μ μ²΄μ± 26
μ 2μ . νμ ν¬ν(Protest Voting) 29
μ 3μ . λΆμν 32
(1) μ§λ¨ κ° κ΄κ³: λ μλ¨ νμ μ§μμ κ²°ν© 32
(2) μ§λ¨ λ΄ λν: λ μλ¨ νμ μ§μμ λΆλ¦¬ 33
1) μΈμ§λ¨μ νμ±κ³Ό λ΄μ§λ¨ μ 체μ±μ ν립 33
2) λ΄μ§λ¨ μ 체μ±μ μ½νμ μλ‘μ΄ λ΄μ§λ¨ μ 체μ±μ νμ± 34
3) μ μΉμ μ¬νκ²½μ μ λ³ν 35
4) μ΄νκ³Ό μ μΉμ μ§μ§μ λ³ν 36
μ 4μ₯. μ κ±° μ ν μκΈ°μ μ¬μ€ λ° μ κ±° κ²°κ³Ό λΆμ 37
μ 1μ . 1992λ
μ 14λ κ΅νμμ μ κ±° 39
μ 2μ . 2004λ
μ 17λ κ΅νμμ μ κ±° 46
μ 3μ . 2016λ
μ 20λ κ΅νμμ μ κ±° 57
μ 4μ . μκ²° 68
μ 5μ₯. λ―Όμ£Όν μ΄ν μλ¨ μ§μμ£Όμμ λ³ν 73
μ 1μ . μΈμ§λ¨μ νμ±κ³Ό 3λΉ ν©λΉ 73
μ 2μ . λ΄μ§λ¨ μ 체μ±μ μ½νμ μλ‘μ΄ λ΄μ§λ¨ μ 체μ±μ νμ± 96
μ 3μ . μ΄νκ³Ό μ μΉμ μ§μ§μ λ³ν 113
μ 4μ . μκ²° 126
μ 6μ₯. κ²°λ‘ λ° ν¨μ 129
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 135
Abstract 143Maste
μ§μμ νΉμ±ν λ°μ μ μν μ°μ λ³ μμλμ μ‘μ± λ°©μ(A study on the promotion of industrial capital cities for the development of specialized regions in Korea)
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ΈνΈ : μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ³΄κ³ μμ λ΄μ©μ κ΅ν μ°κ΅¬μμ μ체 μ°κ΅¬λ¬Όλ‘μ μ λΆμ μ μ±
μ΄λ 견ν΄μλ μκ΄μμ΅λλ€
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