227 research outputs found

    [[alternative]]A Study on the Mechanisms of Community Participations In the Experience of Rebuilding After 921 Earthquake - The Case of Tao-Mi Community in Puli

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    計畫編號:NSC90-2625-Z032-002研究期間:200108~200207研究經費:612,000[[sponsorship]]行政院國家科學委員

    乔吉散曲电子文本(繁体)

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    美國大兵在上海

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    Challenge of the Private Holding Forests toward Sustainable Management in Taiwan

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    台灣民營森林的種類,若以森林持有權的觀點,包括了私有林、公有林、原住民保留地森林、國有林班租地造林、國有林班解除地及原野地之租地造林,以及陸續增加之農地造林,目前合計共有56 萬ha 的林地(占台灣森林面積的27%),為25 萬個林主所擁有。這些森林土地由於其經營上之特性,想要朝向永續經營是相當困難的挑戰。本文提出一個民營林永續經營的內涵架構,認為經濟存活、環境確保、社會接受三個目的,是民營林永續經營所同時所必須追求之最終目的。為達到這些目的,可以仰賴相對應的手段來完成,而吾人最終所期望看到的民營林永續經營的狀態是:林主因追求本身利益而有生產力及經營意願,森林因適當經營管理而具有健康性狀以及地區之多樣性,民營森林之有形產出與無形服務能維持社區的活力與傳承及滿足社會的需求。這些表象將可以發展適當的指標來衡量,與進行監測。若有關當局有心導正民營林之經營朝向永續,本文提出一個IRCIMOs 計畫,內容包含了掌握資訊(Information),角色定位(Role),社區發展(Community),體質改善(Intervention),目標監測(Monitoring),增加機會(Opportunities),期盼可以作為改善民營森林經營逐漸朝向永續的工具。Private Holding Forests (PHFs) are the forests manage by private or public (non-national) organization. From the tenure viewpoint with forest, there are six kinds PHFs in Taiwan, there are including privately owned forest, publicly owned forest, aboriginal forest, national or public forestland leased forests and farmland forest. The PHFs totally have 560,000ha (27% of forest coverage of Taiwan) and they were hold by 250,000 owners or holders. It is to be quite difficult challenge for the PHFs toward sustainable management duo to the management characteristics of these forests. In this article, we proposed a framework about the content of sustainable management for the PHFs. The framework shown that “economically viable”, “environmentally sound”, and “socially acceptable” are the ultimate purposes and should deserve to pursue simultaneously. In order to achieve the three purposes, it can be dependent on the corresponding means execute them. The ideal situations of sustainable management in the PHFs are: 1. The holder has his or her own interests to manage and to be productive of his or her forests. 2. The forests are health and diversity in different eco-zones because of proper management and administration. 3. The tangible output or intangible service of the PHFs can maintain the vigor, tradition of the community, and meet society's demands. The three appearances mention above also can further develop the appropriate indicators to measure and monitor the sustainable management of the PHFs. If the authority is willing to pay attention to sustainable management problems of the PHFs. We also proposed a IRCIMOs plan; its content includes Information, Role, Community, Intervention, Monitoring and Opportunities. It expects that it can be an effective tool to help PHFs gradually toward sustainable management

    The Poetry and Prose of Wang Wei

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    Wang Wei has traditionally been considered one of the greatest of Tang dynasty poets, together with Li Bo and Du Fu. This is the first complete translation into English of all of his poems, and also the first substantial translation of a selection of his prose writings. For the first time, readers encountering his work in English translation will get a comprehensive understanding of Wang Wei‘s range as a poet and prose writer
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