Confocal Raman image method with maximum likelihood method

With the increasing interest in nano microscopic area, such as DNA sequencing, micro structure detection of molecular nano devices, a higher requirement for the spatial resolution of Raman spectroscopy is demanded. However, because of the weak Raman signal, the pinhole size of confocal Raman microscopy is usually a few hundreds microns to ensure a relatively higher spectrum throughput, but the large pinhole size limits the improvements of spatial resolution of confoal Raman spectroscopy. As a result, the convential confocal Raman spectroscopy has been unable to meet the needs of science development. Therefore, a confocal Raman image method with Maximum Likelihood image restoration algorithm based on the convential confocal Raman microscope is propose. This method combines super-resolution image restoration technology and confocal Raman microscopy to realize super-resolution imaging, by using Maximum Likelihood image restoration algorithm based on Poisson-Markov model to conduct image restoration processing on the Raman image, and the high frequency information of the image is recovered, and then the spatial resolution of Raman image is improved and the super-resolution image is realized. Simulation analyses and experimental results indicate that the proposed confocal Raman image method with Maximum Likelihood image restoration algorithm can improve the spatial resolution to 200 nm without losing any Raman spectral signal under the same condition with convential confocal Raman microscopy, moreover it has strong noise suppression capability. In conclusion, the method can provide a new approach for material science, life sciences, biomedicine and other frontiers areas. This method is an effective confocal Raman image method with high spatial resolution

Two Paradigmatic Strategies for Reading Zhuang Zi\u27s Happy Fish Vignette as Philosophy: Guo Xiang\u27s and Wang Fuzhi\u27s Approaches

One of the most beloved passages in the Zhuang-Zi text is a dialogue between Hui Zi and Zhuang Zi at the end of the “Qiu-shui” chapter. While this is one of many vignettes involving Hui Zi and Zhuang Zi in the text, this particular vignette has recently drawn attention in Chinese and comparative philosophy circles. The most basic question concerning these studies is whether or not the passage represents a substantial philosophical dispute, or instead idle chitchat between two friends. This vignette has not only received much attention as of late, but commentators from at least Guo Xiang onward have taken the conversation as substantial rather than merely charming. Of the traditional readings that take the passage as substantial, there are two main strategies for taking Zhuang Zi as “winning” a substantial dispute: (1) One that argues Zhuang Zi is undermining Hui Zi’s position without offering a positive position, and (2) another that argues that Zhuang Zi is undermining Hui Zi’s position by offering a positive position. Guo Xiang’s “official commentary” is paradigmatic of the first “negative” strategy, while Wang Fuzhi’s reading is paradigmatic of the second “positive” strategy. The goal in the present article is to present these two strategies for reading the passage by translating and analyzing Guo’s and Wang’s annotations, thereby showing how the passage might be and has been taken as more than frivolous chitchat

Dynamic Raman imaging system of high spatio-temporal resolution and Its key technologies

拉曼光谱技术由于其无损、非接触、不受水分子干扰等特点而广泛应用于各个领域，其中显微拉曼光谱技术已发展成为微区检测、化学分析方面强有力的工具。然而目前大多数显微拉曼光谱仪的拉曼扫描成像速度仍无法满足电化学反应过程动态监测的要求。本文研究结合“适用于高时空分辨原位电化学显微拉曼光谱仪的研制及其应用研究”项目的目标和要求，通过集成拉曼扫描成像技术和宽场拉曼成像技术，构建具有高时空分辨特性的动态拉曼成像系统。在显微拉曼光谱仪具有的高空间分辨率的基础上，进一步提高成像系统的时间分辨，从而实现动态拉曼信号的检测。论文的主要工作包括： 1. 分析高时空分辨动态拉曼成像系统的功能要求，设计系统的整体光路，包...Raman spectroscopy, as a technique with the advantage of nondestructive, non-contact and insensitive to water, is widely applied to various fields. In particular Raman microspectroscopy has become a powerful tool for micro-area detection and chemical analysis. However, at present Raman scanning imaging speeds of the majority of Raman microspectrometers are still not fast enough to satisfy the dema...学位：工学硕士院系专业：航空航天学院_测试计量技术及仪器学号：1992013115290

Research on Angle-resolved spectral measuring system based on rotational stages and its key technology

金属表面的自由电子在入射电磁场作用下发生振荡，从而产生一种沿着金属表面传播的电磁波，被称为表面等离子体（SurfacePlasmons,SPs）。SPs是一些重要的表面现象的物理基础，如表面增强拉曼、表面增强荧光、表面等离子体传感等。由SPs的耦合条件可知，SPs的激发与发射具有方向性，因此角分辨光谱是表征金属微纳结构及其表面等离子体的一种必要的研究手段。 本文基于国家自然科学基金（21373173），设计了一套基于转臂的通用角分辨光谱测量系统，并研究了其相关关键技术。本文主要研究工作如下： 1.分析了角分辨光谱测量系统的光路结构，主要由光源、发射光学系统、接收光学系统和光谱仪四部分组成；...Surface Plasmons (SPs) is electromagnetic waves existing on the metal surface and propagated along the metal surface, which generated by the interaction of the free vibration electrons and photons. It is the physical foundation of some important surface phenomena, such as surface-enhanced Raman, surface enhanced fluorescence and surface plasmon sensors. The coupling of SPs and light wave is usuall...学位：工学硕士院系专业：物理与机电工程学院_机械电子工程学号：1992012115272

Research of Algorithms retrieving Sea Surface Temperature and Their Application Based on LandSAT8/HJ-1B Satellites

海表温度(SST)是建立大气与海洋边界条件的一个关键变量，它影响着海洋表面与大气的感热和潜热交换，对全球天气和气候变化起了非常重要的作用。在全球尺度上，海表温度有助于人们深入认识地球热平衡、大气和海洋的环流模式，以及大范围的海温异常现象如埃尔尼诺现象、拉尼娜现象等。而在局部尺度上，SST也被用来研究锋面、渔场、赤潮、海洋热污染、城市热岛效应等小范围的温度事件。 卫星遥感方法则为人们获取大面积的SST资料提供了一个十分便捷的途径。其中高空间分辨率SST是分析和认识小尺度海洋温度变化的重要数据源。随着人们对局部海洋温度现象认识的深入，高分辨率SST反演算法变得越来越重要。本文探讨了两种高分辨率S...As a key variable to establish atmosphere and ocean boundary condition, SST affects the exchange of sensible heat and latent heat between the ocean surface and atmosphere, which plays a very important role in the global weather and climate change. On a global scale, SST can help people well understand the thermal equilibrium of the earth, the circulation patterns of atmosphere and ocean, as well a...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_物理海洋学学号：2232012115135

Research of Retrieving Sea Surface Wind Vectors Based on Sentinel-1A Satellite SAR Images

海面风场是海气交互界面的重要物理参数，与海洋中绝大多数的海水运动密切相关。海面风场还是海气相互作用的重要媒介，调节了海水和大气之间的物质以及能量输送，对全球气候调节也有着十分重要的作用。 船舶、浮标等观测手段花费高昂，加上海洋面积巨大，可获得的现场海面风场数据十分有限，很难满足大面积海面风场的观测需求。日益发展的卫星遥感技术，为大面积观测风场提供了可能，微波散射计已经成为大面积获取全球海面风场的最重要遥感手段之一，不过微波散射计的空间分辨率通常为25-50km，难以满足对高分辨风场的需求。相比于散射计或辐射计，合成孔径雷达(SAR)同样具有全天时、全天候观测海洋的能力，同时其通过距离向的脉冲...Ocean surface wind field is an important parameter of ocean-air interface, it is related with most of the seawater movements. Surface wind is also the medium of ocean-air interaction, which may adjust the matter and energy transformation between ocean and air. So it is important for the global climate change. Traditional wind measurements using ships or buoys cost a lot. And the wind data is too ...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_物理海洋学学号：2232013115135

High-Resolution Two-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy in Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields

核磁共振（NuclearMagneticResonance，NMR）波谱作为一种无损伤的非侵入性检测技术，业已成为物理、化学、生命科学以及医学等领域研究中一种必不可少的检测手段。高分辨二维谱及多维谱方法可以有效缓解常规一维谱中谱峰拥挤等问题，并获得更多的相关信息，已经成为有机小分子检测以及大分子结构研究中重要的分析工具。然而，高分辨谱图的获取需要有高均匀度的磁场，其空间变化率一般要低于1ppb/cm3。但受到外磁场不均匀或样品内在磁化率差异等条件的限制，常常无法获得高度均匀的磁场。另外，较长的实验时间也限制了二维谱方法的应用。本论文采用分子间多量子相干技术，并结合时空编码方法，设计了几种新的脉...With the features of non-invasive and non-destructive, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become an indispensable analytical tool widely used in many disciplines, from physics and chemistry to biology and medicine. High-resolution two-dimensional (2D) NMR can alleviate the jam or even overlapping of resonances in conventional one-dimensional (1D) spectra, and release correlation information. In ...学位：工学博士院系专业：物理科学与技术学院_物理电子学学号：3312013015421

Pattern recognition based high-resolution NMR spectroscopy under inhomogeneous magnetic fields

核磁共振（NMR）波谱技术具有非侵入、无损伤以及高分辨率（提供化学位移及标量偶合等分子水平信息）的特点，被广泛应用于化学结构鉴定、生物蛋白分子三维结构解析及医药检测等众多领域。然而，高分辨的核磁共振波谱通常要求高度均匀且稳定的磁场条件。这种要求在很多时候是无法满足的，例如存在磁化率不连续的生物组织内部及不同组织的分界面。因此，不均匀磁场条件下的高分辨核磁共振波谱方法研究具有重要的意义。本文利用局部磁场均匀性、谱线增宽相干及时空编码技术在不均匀磁场下获取谱图，进而以模式识别为基础设计相应的校正算法，从而重构出高分辨一维或者二维核磁共振波谱。主要研究内容如下： 一、由于不均匀磁场带来的谱线增宽随...Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) exhibits the features of being non-destructive and non-invasive, and provides sufficiently high resolutions to resolve molecular-level information, e. g. chemical shifts and scalar couplings. Thereafter, it is broadly used in elucidating chemical structures, determining macromolecule structures and detecting medicines etc. However, the high spectral resolutions arr...学位：工学博士院系专业：物理与机电工程学院_电磁场与微波技术学号：3312013015421