Seawater desalination by ICP on a new microfluidic chip

全球淡水资源匮乏受到越来越多的国家的重视，特别是一些水资源短缺的国 家和地区。海水淡化被认为是获得淡水资源的最佳途径之一。现如今海水淡化方 法发展较为迅速，其中主流技术有反渗透法、电渗析法以及蒸馏法等。 虽然上述三种方法发展较早，技术相对成熟，但能耗大、运营成本高，需要 搭建大型配套设备且不便移动，不易全球推广，特别是在欠发达国家。在淡水资 源短缺急剧严重的今天，寻找一种低能耗、成本低、便携式、使用寿命长、易于 市场推广、适合家庭以及个人使用的新型海水淡化装置迫在眉睫，本文研究设计 的利用微流控芯片进行海水淡化的系统正好就符合上述要求。 本文研究所设计的海水淡化-微流控芯片系统...Shortage of fresh water resources ocurrs in more and more countries, especially in underdeveloped regions and developing countries. Seawater desalination is considered to be one of the best ways to get fresh water resources, which is intensively developed in latest 30 years with reverse osmosis, distillation electrodialysis being the three main stream technologies. Although the three typical me...学位：工学硕士院系专业：物理与机电工程学院_精密仪器及机械学号：1992012115274

Development and Optimization of a Cylindrical Laminated Methanol Steam Reforming Microreactor with Porous Metal as Catalyst Support

摘要 以低碳醇为燃料的制氢微反应器可为燃料电池等微小型电子装置提供安全可靠的在线氢源，从而引起世界各国研究者的广泛关注。本文以多孔金属材料为载体，设计制造了一种新型层叠式柱形甲醇水蒸气重整制氢微反应器，可获得较佳的制氢效果。论文主要研究内容如下： （1）载体结构甲醇水蒸气重整制氢微反应器设计 利用Solidworks软件设计了一种新型层叠式柱形甲醇水蒸气重整制氢微反应器。其中蒸发腔设计栅板结构，可有效增强反应溶液的汽化效果以及重整腔入口流体分布的均匀性。载体板采用多孔金属材料，降低加工成本，提高催化剂的负载性能以及反应器的传热传质效果。 （2）泡沫金属载体制氢反应器的制氢性能研究 以...Abstract In recent years, microreactors for hydrogen production fueled by hydrocarbons successfully provided the on-line hydrogen source for PEMFC. Therefore, microreactors has prospect of providing hydrogen for microelectronics powder equipment. In this dissertation, porous metal fiber sintered felt(PMFSF) and metal foams were used as catalyst supports for constructing a new type of cylindric...学位：工学硕士院系专业：航空航天学院_机械制造及其自动化学号：1992013115288

Synthesis, Separation and characterization of Fullerenes and Their Perchlorinated Fragments

回顾富勒烯科学的发展历程，不难看出宏量合成在其发展过程中的的重要地位。为了寻找高产率的宏量制备方法，人们进行了广泛的探索和深入的研究。经过多年的努力，富勒烯的合成已经有多种方法，但这些制备方法几乎都难以选择性地合成某一种富勒烯，所以分离仍是一个必要而关键的步骤。在富勒烯科学上，另一个至今仍令人迷惑不解的是富勒烯的形成机理，虽然，象C60、C70等都已经可以方便地商业购得，但其形成过程仍旧是一个值得推敲和争论的问题。人们提出了多种机理来解释富勒烯的形成，但没有一个能解释所有的实验现象。获得更多的可靠实验依据才能使富勒烯形成机理的研究得到突破性地发展，为了寻找足够的证据来证明富勒烯的形成过程，人们...Macroscopic production of Buckminsterfullerene and other fullerenes was very important for the developing of Fullerene Science. Up to now, various methods have been explored to prepare fullerenes in macroscopic quantities, but separation program for the products is still playing a critical role because the products synthesized by current methods are always mixture fullerenes. In addition, although...学位：理学博士院系专业：化学化工学院_物理化学(含化学物理)学号：B19962501

Investigation of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Irradiation Behaviors of Nuclear Application Steels

在核能领域应用的关键材料的服役条件非常苛刻，需要在辐照、高温、腐蚀、受应力、热循环等极端条件下长期稳定工作，并按照可预期的方式老化、失效。堆内构件的性能与特性决定了核能可以达到的安全水平。中国从美国西屋公司引进、吸收与消化AP1000核电技术，以形成具有自主知识产权的核电技术，并在此过程中着重对一系列核能关键用材料进行了相关研发。本论文以国产SA-182F304钢、304SS钢、CNST1钢、CNST2钢和CNSS3钢为研究对象，对候选钢的微观结构、微观化学、力学行为和抗辐照性能进行了详细研究。 金相与TEM/STEM实验分析的结果表明SA-182F304钢和304SS钢为奥氏体相，晶粒度分...Key materials used in nuclear energy systems face very harsh environments. They must work well under extreme conditions of radiation, high temperature, corrosion, stress, thermal cycling, etc. over a long period of time, and age and degrade in gradual and predictable ways. The properties and characteristics of nuclear reactor materials and components determine the achievable safety levels of nucle...学位：工学硕士院系专业：能源研究院_工程硕士(材料工程)学号：3242013115230

Study and Application of Photochemical Vapor Generation-ICPMS method for noble metal elements

光化学蒸气发生技术（PCVG）是一种实现了分析物与样品基体分离的气体进样技术，应用于痕量元素分析方面具有诸多优势。本研究利用特制的光化学蒸气发生装置首次得到了Ir和Ru的稳定可靠的PCVG信号。将光化学蒸气发生装置，与流动注射体系以及ICPMS检测技术联用，通过优化小分子有机酸的种类及浓度、照射时间、载气流量等条件，建立了FI-PCVG-ICPMS分析水样中Au、Ag、Pt、Rh、Pd、Ir、Ru等贵金属元素的方法。方法精密度除了Ru为9.2%（0.1µg/L，n=5）外，其他元素均小于4.6%（Ag，0.2µg/L，n=5）。检测限（LOQ，10σ，n=10）为5pg...Photochemical vapor generation (PCVG), as a gas sampling technique that makes analytes separate from matrix, has numerous advantages on the application of trace element analysis. In this study, stable and reliable PCVG signals of Iridium and ruthenium were firstly abtained using a special PCVG device. The PCVG device was coupled with a flow injection system and ICPMS technique. The main factors of...学位：博士后院系专业：化学化工学院_分析化学学号：201517005

oleoylethanolamide improves spatial cognitive deficits through enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia

我们先前的研究表明油酰乙醇胺（OEA）对急性脑缺血损伤具有神经保护作用。本研究的目的是探讨OEA对脑缺血引起的空间认知障碍，海马长时程增强作用（LTP）的抑制作用和海马神经发生的影响。结果表明：OEA30mg/kg显著改善大鼠脑缺血后空间认知功能障碍，促进海马长时程增强。另外，我们证实OEA通过促进海马神经发生改善脑缺血后的认知障碍。进一步的研究表明，OEA明显增加海马组织脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体（PPARα）的表达。我们的研究证实OEA可通过加强海马神经发生改善脑缺血后的认知功能障碍，为OEA临床应用于脑卒中的治疗提供了进一步的理论依据。Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects after acute cerebral ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic OEA treatment on ischemia-induced spatial cognitive impairments, electrophysiology behavior and hippocampal neurogenesis. Daily treatments of 30 mg/kg OEA significantly ameliorated spatial cognitive deficits and attenuated the...学位：博士后院系专业：医学院_药理学学号：201319000

Technology development in nano-sized photocatalyst powder preparation technologies

Nano-sized semiconductor powders for use as photocatalysts have great potential in environmental and energy engineering applications. The photocatalytic activity of photocatalyst is significantly affected by preparation process since the crystalline structure of photocatalyst is dependent on preparation conditions. This paper aims to give an overview of the research progress of nano-sized photocatalyst powder preparation technologies, including solid route, gas phase route, and liquid route. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation technologies are analyzed and compared. The research direction and prospect of photocatalyst preparation method is analyzed.纳米半导体材料作为光催化剂在环境、能源领域具有广阔的应用前景。光催化剂的制备过程对催化剂的晶体结构有重要的影响,从而影响其光催化活性。本文较系统地综述了国内外对光催化剂纳米粉体制备的研究进展,包括固相法、气相法和湿化学法。对比分析了各种制备技术的优缺点,并对今后的研究方向和应用前景进行了分析。link_to_subscribed_fulltextpublished_or_final_versio

Failure analysis of four tube in power station boiler

火力发电厂是我国供电主体，约占总体发电量的70%。大型火电厂的安全事关电网的安全运行，而火电厂中的锅炉运行的可靠性是影响发电厂运行可靠性的首要因素，尤其是锅炉四小管的损坏泄漏对机组的安全运行影响最大，是火力发电厂的常见事故，一般占机组故障的60%-70%。锅炉经常由于四小管设计、制造、安装、运行、修理改造、管理等环节的问题以及长期在高温、高压、腐蚀、冲刷等恶劣条件下运行等原因而造成爆管并导致停炉。只有掌握四小管各种类型爆管的失效机理，才能有的放矢开展监督检验工作，寻找有效的管理和技术防治对策，提高机组运行的可靠性，保障电网的稳定经济运行。 为了有效开展四小管失效分析，本文对四小管各种类型爆管...Thermal power plant is the main power supply of our country, accounting for 70% of the total power generation. The safety of large thermal power plant is related to the safe operation of power grid. The reliability of boiler operation in the coal-fired power plant is the primary factor that affect the reliability of power plant operation, especially boiler four tubular damage and leakage iMPacting...学位：工程硕士院系专业：物理与机电工程学院_工程硕士(机械工程)学号：X201018202

Study the effect of drying technology on the volatility component of cut tobacco under pyrolysis condition

干燥技术贯穿于烟叶原料、卷烟产品加工过程中的各个阶段，如制丝环节中的滚筒干燥。在干燥脱水过程中，烟丝经历了含水率和温度的变化直接影响着烟丝的物理结构、化学特性，进而对卷烟成品感官品质产生影响。本文旨在深入了解烟丝滚筒干燥过程传热传质规律基础上，系统研究干燥工艺对烟丝热处理/热解条件下挥发分的变化影响，为进一步深入认识干燥工艺对烟丝感官质量影响机制提供数据参考与理论支撑。项目主要研究成果如下： 1.基于“微分”理念自行设计搭建了一座实验室小型滚筒干燥平台。该装置所能调节的操作参数范围与实际卷烟生产过程中的基本符合，可针对烟丝在滚筒中的传热传质特性进行相关实验研究。经过多次测试调节，表明所设计的...Drying process of cut tobacco using the rotary dryer is the one of important process in cigarette factory. The tobacco fibers’ temperature and water content changes in the drying process, affecting the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of the cigarette in the end. The purpose of this paper is to thorough understanding of the process characteristics of tobacco water content and surface...学位：博士后院系专业：化学化工学院_化学工程学号：BH170029

Investigation of Irradiation Behaviors of SA-240 304 andSA-738 Gr.BSteels

核应用材料的性能决定了核电站的安全程度，本论文以SA-240304钢、SA-738Gr.B(QT)钢和SA-738Gr.B(SR)钢为对象，采用金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜和正电子湮没技术深入研究了三种核能用钢在离子辐照前后的微观组织、抗辐照性能以及辐照缺陷的退火演化行为等，并探讨了相关机理。 未辐照SA-240304钢的组织为奥氏体相，晶粒度约为5级，基体中网状位错和直线状的形变孪晶带相互交织，分布不均匀，在基体中未观察到尺寸较大的碳化物颗粒析出相。两种SA-738Gr.B钢的组织为板条状和球状贝氏体与少量中温铁素体的混合体，而SA-738Gr.B(SR)钢的板条状贝氏体更长，贝氏体数量更多...The safety of nuclear power depends on the performance of nuclear materials. This work makes the SA-240 304, SA-738 Gr.B(QT)and SA-738 Gr.B(SR) steels as study objects. Using microscope, transmission electron microscope and positron annihilation spectroscopy researches the microstructure andradiation resistance of three kinds of nuclear steels, and then explores annealing evolution behavior of irr...学位：工学硕士院系专业：能源学院_核工程与材料学号：3242014115223