Information and Communication Technologies and Informal Scholarly Communication: A Review of the Social Oriented Research

This article reviews and analyzes findings from research on computer mediated informal scholarly communication. Ten empirical research papers, which show the effects and influences of information & communication technologies (ICTs), or the effects of social contexts on ICTs use in informal scholarly communication, were analyzed and compared. Types of ICTs covered in those studies include e-mails, collaboratories, and electronic forums. The review shows that most of the empirical studies examined the ICTs use effects or consequences. Only a few studies examined the social shaping of ICTs and ICT uses in informal scholarly communication. Based on comparisons of the empirical findings this article summarizes the ICT use effects/consequences as identified in the studies into seven categories and discusses their implications

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[[abstract]]2008年10月24~25日兩天，歐盟與亞洲各國的政府元首於北京共同召開第七屆亞歐高峰會。此屆高峰會的討論重點包括促進歐亞間的政治對話、推動經濟合作、推動永續發展及深化社會文化交流四個面向。 2009年6月4~7日歐洲議會將舉行新一屆的大選，本期針對歷年來歐洲議會大選投票率狀況進行評估，展望明年選舉概況。由於愛爾蘭公投否決了里斯本條約，因此對於2009年歐洲議會大選，也帶來了相對的不確定性。 歐盟2009年初步預算草案是2007-2013年第三個多年期財政框架，其推動重點在於落實與強化歐盟政策的一貫性。維持穩定成長及促進經濟趨勢以增加就業，仍是編列預算的首要目標。2009年預算草案也包含了最後一輪的東擴相關事務，包括促進歐盟繁榮、團結與安全等計劃目標，不僅適用於聯盟之內，也必須由歐盟將其發揚至邊界以外的地區。在2009年，支持中東和平進程、柯索沃與更多巴爾幹地區的穩定仍將是政策最優先考慮的部分

氣候變遷對高屏溪流域崩塌潛勢之影響評估

To investigate the effects of climate change on the potential of the landslides in the basin of Kaoping stream, in this study, physiographic factors are collected and tested; rainfall parameters are selected; logistic regression method is used to establish the model for evaluating the potential of landslides; and 3 GCMs models and 3 future scenarios are used for analysis. Results show that 5 physiographic factors and 1 rainfall parameters are most highly correlated with the potential of landslides. They are the slope steepness, the area ratio of dip slope, the distance to fault, the road ratio and the rainfall amount of consecutive 2 days. The accuracy of the model established in this study reaches 80%. The impact for the future of the simulated results for the short term period (2010~2039) using the INCM3 model is found the greatest and the B1 scenario is found most in accordance with the real conditions. Using the developed model in this study to evaluate the potential of the landslide for the short term period, it is found the area of the highest potential of landslides increase 98%, compared with the potential of landslide in the baseline period (1961~1990).為探討氣候變遷對高屏溪流域崩塌潛勢之影響，本研究透過地文因子蒐集與篩選檢定、降雨參數選定，以邏輯斯回歸建置崩塌潛勢評估模式，並結合3 種GCMs 模式及3 種未來情境進行分析。結果顯示，與崩塌發生最為相關之5 項地文因子及降雨參數分別為岩性、坡度坡向、水系比、道路比及連續二日雨量。所建置之崩塌潛勢模式，其準確率可達80%以上。經綜合評估，INCM3 模式之結果對未來之衝擊最大，其中又以INCM3 模式B1 情境短期(2010~2039 年) 之結果最符合現況；利用此模式及情境推估短期之結果與基期 (1961~1990 年)相比，「極高」崩塌發生潛勢之增加面積達98%

以生物多樣性指標評估集水區崩塌地治理優選順序

The abundance of endemic species in Taiwan is a great natural treasure accomplished by a diverse altitude ranges due to violent tectonic activities and humid tropical weather conditions with ocean surrounded. With the characteristics of few flatlands, the slope lands are inevitable and have been developed for economic and social requirement gradually, which has caused habitation shrinking of animal and plant. Furthermore, Taiwan also suffers disasters such as striking of torrential rains and typhoons during summer season annually, and is vulnerable to landslide because of fragile geology which threats to the living things. Thus, to enhance the efficiency of vegetation recovery in landslide area can benefit the habitats of species. Typhoon Morakot induced landslides and vegetation recovery rate in Kao-Ping watershed can be quickly extracted and/or derived from the satellite images in this study. The biodiversity index established in the database of the watershed can then be applied to assess the treatment priority of landslides. The result shows that the highest landslide rate in Chi-Shan and Lao-Nong watersheds are Xiao-Lin and Ching-Shui Xi sub-watersheds respectively. For vegetation recovery rate, the downstream area is higher than upstream area. For treatment priority, the top 10 of sub-watersheds almost distribute in Lao-Nong watershed. It hopes that the result could provide the related authorities as the references of environmental restoration.台灣雖位處北回歸線，但因造山運動拱起4,000 公尺海拔落差，使台灣物種跨越熱帶、溫帶及寒帶，且四面環海及高溫多雨之島嶼氣候，孕育出許多台灣特有種生物，然台灣因高山多、平地少，在高人口密度下，居民為了生活不得不開發山坡地之原始森林，此舉壓縮了動、植物之生存空間，此外，台灣山高且地質破碎，夏季之暴雨或颱風易造成大規模之崩塌，除對當地居民造成威脅外，亦影響其他物種之生存環境，為此，如何加速崩塌地之植生復育，將有助於恢復各物種之棲地。本研究以莫拉克風災為事件，利用該事件前後期之衛星影像萃取集水區崩塌區位，另計算災後集水區植生復育良窳之熱點區位，最後以生物多樣性指數配合崩塌率及植生復育率評估集水區崩塌地治理之優選順序。研究結果顯示，旗山溪及荖濃溪集水區中崩塌率最高之子集水區分別為小林及清水溪；植生復育率則為下游高於上游區位；整體崩塌地治理優先順序中，得分最高之前10 處主要分布於荖濃溪集水區。期本研究之結果可作為相關生態保育單位於環境復育之參考

巨額土砂匯入對和社溪河相演變之影響

Macro-sediment impulses induced by particular typhoons and rainstorms are the main reason for serious sediment disasters in the Heshe River. For example, the sediment input during Typhoon Morakot in 2009 which accounted for 95.8% of the annual sediment discharge is the most serious of these disasters. Since Typhoon Morakot, the sediment input has decreased, as there have been less serious typhoons and rainstorms, thus, transforming the river morphology from a braided river into meandering river. In addition, river bends and topographical notches restrain sediment from moving downstream and store it in these locations. These factors have indirectly increased the erosion density of the river banks by 2.5 to 10.5 times.特定之颱風及豪雨事件為和社溪集水區內巨額土砂進入河道造成相關土砂災害之主 要因素；尤以2009 年莫拉克颱風其間之輸砂量，佔該年總輸砂量之95.8％最為嚴重。然而，莫拉克颱風過後並無發生規模較大之颱風及豪雨事件，因此進入和社溪之土砂漸減，使得因土砂堆積造成之辮狀河川逐漸走向蜿蜒。此外，河川轉折點跟隘口處都會抑止土砂往下游運移並使土砂集中於此處，間接造成河岸淘刷密度增加2.5 至10.5 倍

The Spatial Analysis of Betel Nut Plantation Hot Spots in the Upper Shui-Li Creek Watershed

This study investigated the spatial distribution of BNP hot spots in the upper Shui-Li Creek watershed. Two spatial autocorrelation methods, Moran’s I and G statistics, were selected for analyzing the spatial cluster of BNPs with different grid sizes. The results show that spatial autocorrelation analysis can indeed discover BNP hot spots in this watershed. The strength and significance of spatial dependence can be easily compared and monitored. For the global spatial autocorrelation analysis, both Moran’s I and G statistics values are positive with whole different grid sizes and statistically significant (p<0.05). This means that the BNPs in study areas obviously have the characteristics of positive spatial autocorrelation. Furthermore, with the increase of the grid size, the value of Moran’s I decreases, but the value of G statistics increases.本研究調查水里溪上游集水區中檳榔園熱點的空間分佈，藉由Moran’s I 及G statistics 空間自相關方法，識別出在不同網格大小下檳榔園的空間聚集情況。結果顯示，空間自相關分 析方法確實能識別出研究區內的檳榔園熱點，且空間相依性的強度及顯著性可以容易地被比較 及驗證。在全域空間自相關分析部分，Moran’s I 與G statistics 係數二者在不同網格尺寸下皆呈 現正值，且達統計顯著性 (p<0.05)，表示檳榔園區塊具有空間正相關。此外，隨著網格尺寸愈 大，Moran’s I 係數值呈現遞減，而G statistics 係數值則呈現出遞增

Study of the River Bed Variation after the Baling Check-Dam Failure

The study provides longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis of 8 pieces topography data collected from 1980 to 2011 and bed material particle size based on three investigations conducted between 2008 and 2012. The mainstream topography data in December 2007 shows that the head-cutting distance was about 3 kilometers after the dam broke. The topography data since 2008 displays that river the channel is stable as well. The topography data shows that the longitudinal section in the tributary had a head-cutting distance of about 3 kilometers after the dam broke, and the river channel still is showing adjustment behavior. The scour-and-fill analysis result of the mainstream cross-section shows that the transverse adjust changed significantly upstream from the dam location from 2006-2008. The particle size of the bed material has shown a trend from coarsening to fining according to different sampling points. Therefore, the river bed is still adjusting continuously. Finally, this study is based on a debris flow and sediment laden flow numerical model. The simulation result is fit for river-bed changes after dam-break.2007年石門水庫上游的巴陵防砂壩潰壩事件，導致上游河床沖刷約20公尺，下游最大淤積約10公尺。本文蒐集巴陵防砂壩1980至2011年潰壩前後8次地形測量資料與2008-2012年共進行三次河床質粒徑調查以分析潰壩對於河床變動及河床質粒徑變化的影響。結果顯示，巴陵壩潰壩3個月後河床已逐漸趨於動態平衡，河床質粒徑整體有粗化再細化的趨勢。最後，本文以適用於土石流及高含砂水流的數值模式進行潰壩事件模擬，並利用河床測量成果進行比較