叶下珠水提取物体外抗菌作用

长期以来,西药兽药以其疗效高、见效快在养殖场上盛行。然而,随着日益严重的耐药性、药物残留和污染问题,给环境和食品安全带来了巨大的影响。中草药的发展,为解决这些问题提供了很好的可行性方案。叶下珠,为大戟科植物(Phyllanthus urinaria L.),药用全草,别名苦味叶下珠、珍珠草、叶后珠、老鹤珠、细叶珍珠等。具有清热利尿、平肝明目、消积、解毒、止泻的功效。本文就叶下珠的水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的试验进行报道。导

Taxonomic study on the genus Glochidion（Phyllanthaceae）from China

算盘子属GlochidionJ.R.etG.Forster是叶下珠科的一个大属，全世界约有300多种，主要分布在印度-太平洋地区，东至波利尼西亚东南部，南至澳大利亚，我国大约有33种，2变种，主要分布在西南部至台湾。该属因无花盘、药隔突尖、花柱合生等特征易与叶下珠科其它属区分。虽然前人已对中国算盘子属进行了较为全面的修订，但对部分疑难种的分类处理问题，学术界仍存在争议。此外，依据雄蕊数目或花柱形态建立的属下分类系统是否合理，目前仍不清楚。本研究通过查阅标本和文献，综合野外居群观察、形态学、叶表皮微形态学、孢粉学及分子系统学研究工作，旨在为该属上述分类学问题的解决提供多方面的的证据。主要研究结果...Glochidion J. R. etG. Forster, consistingof over 300 species, is a large genus of Phyllanthaceae, and is mainly distributed in the Indo-Pacific, east tosoutheast Polynesia and south into Australia. There are about 33species, 2 variations in southwest China and Taiwan. This genus can be easily distinguished from other related genera by the absence of disk-scales or glands in both female and male fl...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院_植物学学号：2162014115243

Progress in research of hypoxia in estuaries and coastal areas in China

对长江、珠江等河口及其近海水域缺氧现象与影响因素进行研究,结果表明,主要分布于长江与珠江河口及其邻近海域的缺氧现象,夏季(6-8月)达到最盛,秋; 冬季消失;长江口的缺氧区域主要位于30.75°N~32°N,122.5°E~123.25°E附近海域,具有南北2个缺氧中心;珠江口缺氧程度相对较; 轻,缺氧区域主要在广州黄埔区河段至虎门水域和伶仃洋;辽河、钱塘江、海河等河口区域也时而出现零星的缺氧现象;水体缺氧受控于多项环境要素,物理层化作; 用是缺氧产生的最初诱因之一,陆源污染物的分解则是重要的耗氧负荷;各河口区特征各异,潮汐、洋流、营养盐、叶绿素a等要素对缺氧区的范围、程度和持续时; 间影响程度不一。In order to study hypoxia in the main estuaries and adjacent coastal; areas in China, we compared the hypoxia in the estuaries of the Yangtze; River, the Pearl River, and other rivers, and analyzed the factors. We; found that hypoxia mainly occurred in the estuaries of the Yangtze; River, the Pearl River, and the adjacent coastal areas; it had the most; significant increase in the summer (from June to August) and disappeared; in the autumn and winter. The hypoxia zone in the Yangtze River Estuary; was mainly located in the area with latitudes from 30.75°N to 32°N and; longitudes from 122.5°E to 123.25°E, and there were two hypoxia centers; in the south and north, respectively. The degree of hypoxia in the Pearl; River Estuary was relatively moderate, and hypoxia mainly occurred from; the Huangpu section to Humen waters in Guangzhou and in the Lingdingyang; Channel. In addition, hypoxia occasionally occurred in the estuaries of; the Liaohe River, Qiantang River, and Haihe River. We also found that; hypoxia was subjected to many environmental factors, of which the; stratification of water was one of the initial factors and the; decomposition of terrigenous pollutants was a major factor of oxygen; consumption. Tides, upwellings, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a had; different influences on the scale, degree, and duration of hypoxia, due; to the various characteristics of the estuaries

Observation and Dynamical Analysis of Hydrographic Characteristics in the Pearl River Estuary in summer of 2015

本文以实测CTD数据为基础，总结了2015年夏季珠江口海域及其冲淡水扩展路径上的水文特征。在结合遥感风场和定点浮标风场数据的基础上，分析了台风“莲花”影响下珠江口水体的温、盐度特征，以及珠江冲淡水扩展方式对于风场变化的响应情况。同时对航次过程中观测到的温度逆转现象的特征进行统计分析；并结合遥感数据对冲淡水影响区域的海表温度数据和叶绿素a浓度的分布特征进行研究。 2015年7月6日至17日珠江口航次CTD资料的分析表明：在香港的西南侧观测到相对的低温高盐中心；珠江口附近海域存在海水的垂向逆温现象，逆温差平均值为0.42℃，上界深度在1m-6m间，下界深度在3m-10m间，逆温层平均厚度约为4m...On the basis of the in-situ CTD data, the hydrological characteristics and the expanding patterns of the Pearl River Diluted Water (PDW) have been studied. The paper has also analyzed the influencing factors with the help of the remote sensing and in-situ wind data. Then the sea surface temperature and Chl-a distributions have been applied to reveal the PDW. Meanwhile, the temperature inversion al...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与地球学院_物理海洋学学号：2232014115128

The Physiological Response of Synsepalum dulcifcum Denill Leaves to NaCl Stress

为明确神秘果(Synsepalum dulcifcum Denill)的耐盐能力,研究其在NaCl胁迫下的适应机制并丰富果树的耐盐机理,通过盆栽试验法,以0、2‰、4‰、6‰、8‰NaCl溶液分别对幼苗进行胁迫处理,测定叶片叶绿素、渗透调节物质、抗氧化物酶、丙二醛含量及土壤实际盐度。结果表明:在NaCl胁迫下,神秘果叶片的叶绿素合成受到明显抑制;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性随浓度增加而显著升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则是先升后降,在4‰时达到最高;可溶性蛋白含量与处理浓度呈负相关;脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和对照相比有显著增加,推测脯氨酸和可溶性糖在胁迫过程中起着重要的渗透调节作用。To clear the tolerance and adaptive mechanism of S. dulcifcum and to rich the theory about the salt tolerance mechanism of fruit trees. The potted plants were watered with 0, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰, 8‰ NaCl and the physiological characteristics including the changes about chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble proline, soluble sugar,SOD, POD, CAT, MDA of NaCl stress in S. dulcifcum leaves were measured. The result showed that the chlorophyll synthesis was significantly restricted under NaCl stress. The activity of SOD or POD increased clearly with the NaCl concentration, and the CAT activity increased to a peak under 4‰ NaCl and then dropped. The content of soluble protein dropped under NaCl stress while that of proline, soluble sugar increased significantly. It was deduced that proline or soluble sugar working as osmotic potentials in cells played a key role in salt tolerance of S. dulcifcum.厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20092023

Progress in the studies of vivipary in mangrove plants

【中文摘要】植物胎生是指有性繁殖产生的后代在母体上直接萌发的现象, 在红树植物中最为常见。红树植物生长在热带亚热带海岸潮间带, 耐受高盐、高温、淹水缺氧和海浪冲击等复杂环境。胎生被认为是红树植物对这种特殊生境的重要适应方式。 该文从形态发育、生理生化、分子水平、生态适应4个层次讨论红树植物胎生现象对复杂生境的适应性, 并指出现有研究存 在的不足, 对将来的研究方向进行了展望。与非胎生胚胎发育相比, 红树植物胎生是一个遗传的程序, 在进化过程中形成了 一些特殊的结构。植物激素对胎生发育起关键的调控作用, 繁殖体发育过程中, 其盐离子的种类与浓度的动态变化则是对海 岸潮间带生境的重要适应特征。这种胎生繁殖体依靠在母体上完善的一系列功能性特征能更有效地适应落地后的滩涂环境。 然而, 红树植物胎生发育过程的分子机理及调控机制还有待研究。理解胎生这一特殊适应性现象的本质及其进化过程将为红 树林保护繁育、适应气候变化提供理论依据。 【Abstract】Vivipary in plants refers to a phenomenon that sexually reproduced offsprings germinate while still attached to the maternal bodies. This is mostly manifested in mangrove plants, which occur in tropical and subtropical intertidal zones and encounter harsh environmental conditions such as high salinity, high temperatures, waterlogging, hypoxia and tidal waves. Vivipary has long been recognized as one of the most important adaptive features under such a complex environment. Here we discuss four aspects of vivipary: morphological anatomy, physiology and biochemistry, molecular biology and ecological adaptation. We also discuss shortcomings in current studies and prospect of future directions. Differing from regular seed development, viviparous seeds in mangroves are evolved with many special structures, indicating a genetically based process. Hormones play an important role in regulating the process, whilst the dynamics of salt ion concentration during embryo and propagule development seems to be an adaptive feature. The ecological significance of vivipary is fully exhibited in the propagules that can effectively establish themselves on muddy tidal zones. Such a success heavily relies on sound functional features developed on the mother plants. However, the molecular mechanism and the regulation of viviparous seed development in mangroves remain elusive. Systematic studies of vivipary in mangroves not only help to understand the nature and evolutionary process of this distinct adaptive phenomenon, but also provide the foundation for mangrove forest restoration and protection in many parts of the world.福建省对外合作项目(2016I0013

Two Newly Recorded Species of Dalbergia L.f.(Leguminosae) from China

报道了2种黄檀属植物,即绒叶黄檀(Dalbergia velutina Benth.)和卵叶黄檀(D.ovata Graham ex Benth.)在中国云南的分布新记录。Two leguminous species of Dalbergia velutina Benth. and D. ovata Graham ex Benth. are newly recorded from Yunnan Province, China.国家自然科学基金项目(31270248,31070176)资助~

苹果源流考

苹果是我国一种古老的果树,迄今已有2000多年的栽培史,但是人们很少注意在不同的时期,苹果有不同的品种和名称。早期栽培的苹果品种主要是原产我国新疆西部的种类,古人称之为柰和林檎,其中林檎是比较受欢迎的种类。唐以后又增加了楸子、频婆果、海红等种类。频婆果可能是原产新疆的红肉苹果,其名称来源于佛经,它是元代以后人们喜爱的种类,并被简称为"苹果"。19世纪下半叶以来,我国栽培的主要是从西方引进的品种,虽然仍叫苹果,但与历史上的苹果差别很大。与此同时,柰、林檎等名称也逐渐为人们所遗忘。由此案例研究可看出,轻易地以今天的名称推断古代同名栽培植物是非常靠不住的

甘露子的栽培起源和传播

甘露子是原产我国的一种蔬菜,宋代的时候已在长江中下游地区的江西、浙江和江苏等地普遍栽培,此后栽培地域逐渐扩大到全国广大地区。我国西部地区仍有其野生种分布。它于十九世纪传入欧洲,深受法国等地民众的欢迎