Greenhouse gas emissions from croplands of China

China possesses cropland of 1.33 million km 2. Cultivation of the cropland not only altered the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the agroecosystems but also affected global climate. The impacts of agroecosystems on global climate attribute to emissions of three greenhouse gases, namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)

室内植物表型平台及性状鉴定研究进展和展望

Plant phenomics is under rapid development in recent years, a research field that is progressing towards integration, scalability, multi-perceptivity and high-throughput analysis. Through combining remote sensing, Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, computer vision, and artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning and deep learning, relevant research methodologies, biological applications and theoretical foundation of this research domain have been advancing speedily in recent years. This article first introduces the current trends of plant phenomics and its related progress in China and worldwide. Then, it focuses on discussing the characteristics of indoor phenotyping and phenotypic traits that are suitable for indoor experiments, including yield, quality, and stress related traits such as drought, cold and heat resistance, salt stress, heavy metals, and pests. By connecting key phenotypic traits with important biological questions in yield production, crop quality and Stress-related tolerance, we associated indoor phenotyping hardware with relevant biological applications and their plant model systems, for which a range of indoor phenotyping devices and platforms are listed and categorised according to their throughput, sensor integration, platform size, and applications. Additionally, this article introduces existing data management solutions and analysis software packages that are representative for phenotypic analysis. For example, ISA-Tab and MIAPPE ontology standards for capturing metadata in plant phenotyping experiments, PHIS and CropSight for managing complicated datasets, and Python or MATLAB programming languages for automated image analysis based on libraries such as OpenCV, Scikit-Image, MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox. Finally, due to the importance of extracting meaningful information from big phenotyping datasets, this article pays extra attention to the future development of plant phenomics in China, with suggestions and recommendations for the integration of multi-scale phenotyping data to increase confidence in research outcomes, the cultivation of cross-disciplinary researchers to lead the next-generation plant research, as well as the collaboration between academia and industry to enable world-leading research activities in the near future

农村居民负担的测算与税费改革

我国是发展中国家经济结构具有典型的二元经济特征就目前的经济发 展水平来看农业仍然是我国国民经济的基础农业部门在产品市场和资本 等方面有着重要的贡献可以说现阶段的中国问题仍然是农民问题现阶段 中国经济问题仍然是农村经济问题新中国建立以来我国农业有了很大的发 展农民的生活水平也有了很大提高但是农业和农民负担问题一直是个热 点问题特别是进入九十年代以后农业发展速度减缓农民负担不断加重 农村的社会问题日益突出农业农民农村问题摆到人们面前三农问题 的成因很复杂但是农村的税费制度或者更广泛来讲农村的收入分配制度 和政策是其中最为重要的因素之一 本文从农民负担的经济内涵出发分析农民负担...China is a developing country with a duality economy. In line with economic development, agriculture is still the base of the national economy, since the agriculture sector has made a significant contribution to the national economy in such aspects as products, markets and capitals. It could be safely said that the peasantry problem remains the chief one of “Chinese problems”, and that rural e...学位：经济学博士院系专业：经济学院_财政学(含税收学)学号：B19981201

GoGlobal Rural-Urban

This is a book of edited articles and design projects from five years of collaborative international design projects in developed and developing economies, including China, Thailand, Ghana and Japan. Part One contains articles on initiatives including e-commerce models for developing economies, massclusivity and craft design. Part Two is dedicated to design solutions for China’s rural-urban migration issues, which affect 55 million people a year. The project enhances knowledge about the application of design thinking to national-level issues connecting policy to implementation, extending design activity into large-scale social and economic areas. The book follows an exhibition of design outcomes in London and Beijing (2010). Hall developed his chapter (‘Go Global: Ghana’) from a conference paper given at the ‘International Association of Societies of Design Research Conference’, South Korea (2009) and further expanded as a book chapter (with Barker) entitled ‘e-Artisans: Contemporary design for the global market’ in Global Design History (2011). ‘eArtisans’ researched a proposed e-commerce model linking designer-craftsmen with a global Internet sale and distribution model for African countries. The originality lay in proposing and testing knowledge, through design collaborations, in a combination of e-commerce enterprise models; it was significant in deploying the proposed model in an experimental educational initiative. The research was based on previous experience of design, craft and enterprise projects in Thailand and China, and aligned with a creative economies report by UNESCO (2008). The context was a collaboration at the KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, where action-based research methods resulted in a case study illustrating cultural transfer. Support and partnership were also provided by Aid To Artisans, the British Council and Africa 53. A vital aspect was the discovery of how an e-commerce model changed design concepts and creative proposals. The GoGlobal project has continued with an edited publication, Designing Social City Experiences (Jin Nam and Hall 2013)

The Estimation and Comparative Analysis of Return to Education in Urban and Rural China: Based on the Perspective of the Rural Population Account Migration

以往文献中，估计城市和农村教育收益率时，城乡样本的划分方式是依据样本的户籍或者居住地，针对中国大量的农村劳动力流动及户籍转变的现实，以往的样本划分方式，势必会造成农村教育收益率的低估。 本文基于农村人口户口迁移视角，在估计城乡教育收益率之前，将曾经是农村户籍，在农村接受教育后通过升学，工作等方式，由农村户籍转变为城市户籍的这部分人群，从城市样本中筛选出来，重新划分到农村样本的估计范围内。即在估计总体、高中和大学教育收益率之前，分别将接受小学、高中和大学教育之后转变为城市户籍的人口，从城市样本调整到农村样本。对样本调整前后的城市和农村样本，运用普通最小二乘法和倾向指数匹配法，估计2005年、2...In literature, it is estimated that the rate of return to education in urban and rural China, the division of urban and rural samples is based on residence or registered permanent residence. In the view of the large number of labor mobility in rural China and the household registration, the way of the divisions of samples in the past, is bound to cause the undervalue of return to education in rura...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院_西方经济学学号：1532014115214

Pollution Characteristics and Preliminary Risk Assessment of Organic agrochemicals in Surface Water of Jiulong River Watershed

农用化学品作为重要的农业生产资料之一，在提高农产品生产率方面发挥着重要作用。农药、兽药等农用有机化学品使用后可能通过干湿沉降、地表径流冲刷等途径进入水环境，威胁水生生态系统健康，导致饮用水源污染、食品安全等问题。 本论文选择常用的40类210种农药（包括氨基甲酸酯类、拟除虫菊酯类、酰胺类、唑类等）和21类100种兽药（包括大环内酯类、四环素类、磺胺类、性激素类等）作目标物，分别建立其在表层水中的分析方法，应用于九龙江流域北溪、西溪、河口农用有机化学品复合污染状况研究，并对水质安全和水环境生态风险进行了初步评价。主要研究内容及结果如下： 1.表层水中多种类农药、兽药分析方法的建立 运用LL...As essential production materials, agrochemicals are playing an important role in promoting agricultural production. Organic agrochemicals (OAC) including pesticides and veterinary drugs, enter aquatic environment through dry/wet precipitation, surface runoff etc. during pre- and post-use process, resulting in drinking water resources pollution and risk to aquatic ecosystem health.. In this study...学位：理学硕士院系专业：环境与生态学院_环境科学学号：3312012115163