782 research outputs found

    FAIR TRADE: AN ILLUSION?

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    International Relations/Trade,

    BIOTECH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: FROM A GENE REVOLUTION TO A DOUBLY GREEN REVOLUTION?

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    International Development, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

    ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE EU: THE EUWAB PROJECT

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    Since 1995, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been introduced commercially into US agriculture. These innovations are developed and commercialised by a handful of vertically coordinated "life science" firms who have fundamentally altered the structure of the seed industry. Enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs) for biological innovations has been the major incentive for a concentration tendency in the upstream sector. On the one hand, this monopolisation may increase long-run social welfare through an increased rate of investment in R&D. On the other hand, due to their monopoly power, these firms are capable of charging a "monopoly rent", extracting a part of the total social welfare. A popular argument used by the opponents of agricultural biotechnology (agbiotech) is the idea of an input industry extracting all benefits generated by these innovations. Are life science firms able to appropriate all benefits or is there a limit to their monopoly power? In the US, the first ex post welfare studies reveal that farmers are receiving the largest part of the benefits followed by the gene developers who receive the next largest share. However, up to now no parallel ex ante study has been published for the European Union (EU). Hence, the EUWAB-project (European Union Welfare effects of Agricultural Biotechnology) aims at calculating the total benefits of selected agbiotech innovations in the EU and their distribution among member countries, producers, consumers, input suppliers and government.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

    MARKET INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN LIBERALIZED AFRICAN EXPORT COMMODITY MARKETS: THE CASE OF COCOA AND COFFEE IN COTE D'IVOIRE, NIGERIA AND CAMEROON

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    A performing market information system (MIS) is a key accompanying measure to market liberalization. The paper discusses the objectives and purposes of a MIS, its ideal characteristics and its concept and implementation, based on experiences with the cocoa and coffee MIS set up and presently operating in three liberalized African export commodity markets. A phased approach is suggested, with each phase being well defined and launched sequentially. The timing and location of the MIS unit, the dissemination strategy and the financing are discussed. An appropriate dissemination strategy is of vital importance to reach all intended beneficiaries.Marketing, International Relations/Trade,

    IMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN EUROPE: THE FIRST FOUR YEARS OF BT MAIZE ADOPTION IN SPAIN

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    In the present paper we estimate the impact of a biotechnology innovation in Spanish agriculture. Transgenic Bt maize offers the potential to control corn borers, that cause economically important losses in Spanish maize cultivation, more efficiently. Since 1998, Syngenta commercializes the variety Compa CB, equivalent to an annual area of 25.000ha, or an average adoption rate of 5,2% of Spains total land allocation to maize. The profit increase engendered by this technological change during the four-year period 1998-2001 is estimated to be E8,4 million for Spanish agriculture and E2,8 million for Syngenta and the seed suppliers. The industry appears to be able to extract only one fourth of the total benefits. The lion share, i.e., three fourth, accrues to farmers.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

    THE ROLE OF RELEVANT BASIC EDUCATION IN ACHIEVING FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT

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    Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Security and Poverty, Labor and Human Capital,

    THE EVOLUTION OF FARMING SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN COTE D'IVOIRE: BOSERUP VERSUS MALTHUS AND COMPETITION VERSUS COMPLEMENTARITY

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    A socio-economic analysis of a sample of farms in Northern Cote d'Ivoire revisits two debates about the evolution of farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Taking into account the diversity of farming systems, the debates "Boserup vs. Malthus" and "competition vs. complementarity" between cotton and food crops become better informed and less straightforward.International Development, Production Economics,

    BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE SOUTH: ABSOLUTE NECESSITY OR ILLUSION?

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    Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
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