Bezeichnungen für Menschen mit Behinderungen in polnischen und tschechischen Presseberichten über die Paralympics 2014 in Soči. Terms denoting people with disabilities in Polish and Czech press reports about the Paralympic Games in Sochi in 2014.

The present article deals with Polish and Czech terms that denote people with disabilities placing a particular focus on the structure of these terms and the frequency of their use in current language. The study is based on articles about the XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi published in the online issues of Polish and Czech newspapers from March 2014. The texts show a tendency to use alternate, euphemistic terms instead of the more established ones

Problematyka wizerunkowego modelowania polskości w podręcznikach do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego – między obrazem a tekstem

Autorzy podejmują problematykę, w której kompetencje odbiorcy zbiorowego (studentów podejmujących naukę języka polskiego jako obcego) kształtowane są z wykorzystaniem specyficznej formy podawczej – wizerunku polskości. Jej obecność w analizowanych tekstach i w obrazach niezwykle często przypomina charakterystyką i strukturą przekazu komunikaty reklamowe. W światach modelowanych przez dysponentów treści edukacyjnych polskość jako kategoria opisowa koresponduje z tym, co nowoczesne, dynamiczne, w konsekwencji zaś konotujące wyłącznie pozytywy. Biorąc pod uwagę powyższe zmienne, autorzy analizują procesy modelowania polskości oraz ich wizerunkowe efekty, uwzględniając dystynktywne dla metodologii badania wizerunku płaszczyzny: psychologiczną, socjologiczną, komunikacyjną.The issue of shaping the students’ competence with the image of Polishness is discussed in the article. The way Polishness is presented in the analyzed texts resembles (in its characteristics and the way it is transmitted) advertising texts. Polishness as a descriptive category corresponds to what is modern, dynamic, and, consequently, positive. The authors analyze the processes of modeling “Polishness” and their visual effects. The aspects specific for the methodology of image analysis: psychological, sociological, and communicative, are taken into consideration

Social campaigns as a possibilities to build cooperation sports organizations with business organizations. Actions embedded in the CSR concept

The aim of the article is to indicate the possibility of joint action in the strategic CSR-profit organizations (min. Company) and non-profit (min. Sports clubs). The authors point to social campaigns as one of the possibilities, which allows for the creation of joint business-social projects, with particular focus on the context of CSR and the 7th ISO 26000 area; the involvement and development of local communities

Endurance Training and Cardiovascular Health: Mechanism and Clinical Implications

Introduction and objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, but regular physical activity can help reduce the risk of heart disease. Intensive endurance training brings many undeniable benefits but recently there have been scientific studies regarding potential complications that this type of physical activity may cause. This publication attempts to analyze whether the intensity of endurance training can reach a level at which it becomes harmful to the health of athletes. Materials and methods: This article reviews the literature on the impact of physical activity on cardiovascular health, with particular emphasis on endurance training. Articles were searched by key words, e.g. endurance training, cardiovascular health, marathon, running, cycling in various configurations, in Pubmed, Medline, Google Scholar databases. Actual state of knowledge: Regular physical activity is commonly regarded as the best preventive factor for cardiovascular diseases. Intensive endurance training significantly increases the efficiency of the cardiovascular system. Despite the significant benefits of regular endurance training, scientific reports suggest that athletes practicing this type of activity are more prone to developing certain cardiovascular disorders, such as coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, sinus bradycardia, and myocardial fibrosis. Colclusion: Regular and moderate aerobic physical activity is key to maintain optimal health. Endurance athletes develop a series of adaptations in the cardiovascular system, exhibit greater survival rates, and are less likely to experience sudden cardiac death compared to those who do not engage in regular physical activity. There is evidence suggesting a higher incidence of certain cardiovascular complications compared to healthy individuals who do not engage in sports. The reasons for these changes and their impact should be the subject of further research

Olympism versus differences and social inequalities - the idea and the reality

Kultura fizyczna a różnice i nierówności społeczne, pod red. Z. Dziubińskiego i M. Lenartowicz; rozdzia