1,947 research outputs found

    The growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and soyabeans (Glycine max. (L) Merrill) grown as intercrops : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science in Plant Science at Massey University

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    The effect of plant population maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar (Pioneer 3901) and AMT and Matara cultivars of soyabeans (Glucine max (L) Merill) grown together in an intercropping system was studied. In the experiment three rows of maize were sown at populations of 6, 8, 10 plants/m2 and three rows of soyabeans were planted between the rows of maize at either 50 or 75 plants/m2 replacing one of the three rows of maize. Plants were sampled for vegetative analysis during the growth of the crops and at final harvest. Total dry matter, grain yield and the components of yield and leaf area index were determined. Grain yield of maize increased from 794 to 1522 g/m 2 as the population of maize increased. However the yield of the maize was not affected by either the cultivar or the populations of the soyabeans grown among it. Grain yield and the component of yield of the intercropped soyabeans were not affected when population of maize in the mixture was increased. Matara produced higher yields than AMT when grown with maize and this was associated with production of more grain per plant and larger seeds. As the plant population of the soyabeans was increased the grain yield of Matara increased and up to 336.9 g/m2 was obtained, however the yield of AMT was not affected by a similar increase in plant population, possibily Matara had greater temporal difference and was more competative than AMT when grown in the mixture. Three methods were used to evaluate the yield of intercropped plots. These were the seed yield summed for both crops, Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and a yield ratio based on maize. Although the results obtained depended on the method used all the three methods indicated intercropping could be more advantageous than growing maize and soya­ beans as pure stands. All the three methods indicated that the highest yield was obtained when the highest population of maize was combined with the highest population of soyabeans. Higher yields were obtained when Matara rather than AMT was grown in the intercropped plots

    Nutrient contents of Soyabeans: A Guide for sugarcane growers under fast track land reform programme [FTLRP] in Zimbabwe

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    Soyabean biomass, stover and roots when incorporated into the soil can improve the organic matter and the carbon (C): nitrogen (N) ratio of the soil. Of its total N, 60-90% is translocated into the seed. This research was conducted on sandy clay loams of the lithosol group under the Zimbabwe soil classification system at The Zimbabwe Sugar Association Experiment Station (Z.S.A.E.S) in the South Eastern Lowveld, the leading sugarcane producing region in Zimbabwe. The objectives of this research were to: 1) analyse the nutrient content of the soyabeans under study, 2) assess the contributions of the various soyabean parts to soil fertility, 3) determine the liming potential of the soyabeans and 4) determine the forage potential of the two soyabean varieties as livestock feeds. The following parameters were measured: 1) nutrient composition of the vegetable and grain soyabeans, soyabean biomass 2) nitrogen fixed by both grain and vegetable soyabeans. Vegetable soyabeans (variety S114) and grain soyabeans (variety Storm) were used for this study. Vegetable soyabeans had higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium while grain soyabeans had higher calcium and magnesium. This shows that vegetable soyabeans as a nitrogen fixing crop have Plural? the potential to ameliorate soil fertility. However, grain soyabeans seem to have better liming potential than vegetable soyabeans. Forage Storm can improve the magnesium and calcium constituency of livestock while vegetable soyabeans can influence the phosphorus content. The two elements are critical to lactating cows and young stock. The crops have high levels of calcium and magnesium, which are the critical elements for the improvement of soil pH. Interestingly, high nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents were observed in grain soyabeans. These nutrients in grains are not returned to the soil as the grains are sold as a commercial crop. The economic benefits of growing soyabeans accrue from the nutrients that remain in the leaves, petioles, stems and shells that are ploughed into the soil during land preparation. Keywords: soil fertility, soyabeans, smallholder farmer African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Volume 13 No. 2 April 201

    Intercropping Sunflower with Soyabeans Enhances Total Crop Productivity

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    There is a need to develop sustainable and productive cropping systems for edible vegetable oilseeds in tropical Africa. Field trials were conducted during the late cropping season (July–Nov.) of 2001 and 2002 to determine the grain yields, and other yield attributes of sunflower and soyabeans and their productivity under monocropping and intercropping. Three sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) varieties (a local adapted var. Funtua and two exotic varieties Isaanka and Record from Argentina) and five improved, high yielding soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) varieties: TGx 1448-2E (late), TGx 1440-1E (late), TGx 1019-2EB (medium), TGx 1740-2F (early) and TGx 1485-1D (early maturing) were used. Funtua had significantly greater head weight and diameter, achene number and weight per head than Isaanka and Record during the dry and relatively hot cropping season of 2001. Cropping system significantly reduced soyabean grain yield in intercropping, relative to monocropping, except when soyabean was intercropped with Isaanka in 2001 and Record in 2002. All yield attributes of both crops exhibited significant positive relationship with grain yields, except height to the lowest pod of soyabean. TGx 1448-2E and TGx 1440-1E intercropped with Isaanka and Record had average grain yield of 1043 and 1081 kg ha–1 and land equivalent ratios (LER) of 1.47 and 1.58, respectively. It is recommended that intercropped combination of TGx 1448-2E/Isaanka and TGx 1440-1E/Record be used to improve yields of vegetable oilseeds

    Multiple cropping of maize and soya beans under a high level of crop management.

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    Intercropping maize with soyabeans in 6 different spatial arrangements reduced the grain/seed yields/unit area of both crops. Maize alone with optimal plant populations produced the maximum yield of grain and energy, whereas associations of maize and soyabeans produced maximum total fat, protein and methionine yields. Associations used the land more intensively and land equivalent ratios of all intercropping systems were higher than of monocultures of maize and soyabeans. Different ways of evaluating mixed cropping trials are discussed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission

    Ameliorative effects of boiling and methionine supplementation of raw soyabeans given to weanling rats

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    A research study on the nutrition values of raw soya-beans.in ameliorating the effects on anti-nutritional factors in raw soyabean were determined using Wistar rats. Six soyabean-based diets made up of three cooking durations of the seeds (uncooked, and boiled for 15 and 30 minutes) and two supplementation levels (none and supplementation with methionine) were compared. Boiling and methionine supplementation improved the nutritional value of the soyabeans as indicated by the relatively higher weights of liver, spleen, adrenal, the whole brain and brain parts of the rats. Boiling and methionine supplementation also eliminated hyperthyroidism. The relative thyroid weights of the rats on heated and/or supplemented soyabeans were 47-63 per cent of those of the rats on raw un-supplemented soyabeans. Boiling for 15 min. was sufficient to inactivate the trypsin inhibitors present in unheated soyabean. The nutritional improvement of the heated soyabeans by methionine was greater than that of the unheated soyabeans similarly supplemented

    The effect of feeding soyabeans treated with different alkaline salts on the protein and energy utilisation by starter boilers

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    An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding alkaline treated soyabeans to broilers on protein and energy efficiency of the starter boilers. Soyabean seeds were soaked in aqueous solution (3% concentration) of sodium chloride, trona, and alum respectively for 24 hours, air-dried, ground and used in compounding the three treatments, sodium chloride treated soyabeans (T2), trona (T3), and alum (T4), with roasted soyabeans as the control (Tl). The results indicated that soaking soyabeans in alkaline salt solution slightly reduced DM, CF, NFE and GE while EE and Ash were lower in the roasted soyabean seeds. The PER values for Tl and T4 were similar and higher values while energy efficiency was improved in T3 and T4. At the end of the starter phase, the body weights and body weight gains of the broiler on diets in which soyabeans were treated with NaGI were poorer even compared to the other groups, which was partly attributed to the lower feed intake (P< O. 05) and poorfeed efficiency (p<0.05) of the group. The broilers fed trona and alum treated soyabeans had better energy efficiency ratio than the ones fed the NaGI treated soyabean and the control diets. It was concluded that any of the three alkaline salts could be used to process soyabeans for broiler consumption but for better energy and protein efficiency the utilization of trona and alum were preferable

    Spatial Price Differential: An Analysis of Soyabeans Marketing in Benue and Enugu States, Nigeria

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    Spatial price differential not only gives indication of potential profit margin but also a means of assessing the level and direction of market integration. The study examined the spatial price differential in soyabeans marketing in Benue and Enugu States, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 207 marketers who were randomly selected from four markets each from Benue and Enugu States. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, spatial price differential model, 4-point likert scale, ANOVA, correlation and t-statistics. Results showed that soyabeans marketers were dominated by literate (91.7%), young adult (mean of 39 years) males with a mean annual income of N474,370. Result of spatial price differential showed that while Annune market had positive price spreads for all the 12 months; Aliade market had only one negative price spread in June whereas Daudu had negative price spreads for five months (March, April, May, August and September). The result of ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (F=4.76; P≤ 0.01) in price spreads among the three markets studied. Correlation result showed significant relationship between purchase price (0.68**), transfer cost (-0.708**) and price spreads. The major constraints to soyabeans marketing were low demand, poor road network, low access to credits, high transportation costs, few soyabeans processing companies and heavy imposition of levies and taxes. Positive and negative price spreads indicates ineffiency in soyabeans marketing and these could be occassioned by the above mentioned constraints. Credit facilities should be advanced to marketers in the study area. Again, provision of infrastructural facilities like good roads and storage facilities could increase the efficiency of soyabeans marketing in the study area. Keywords: Soyabeans, Price differential, Price spreads, efficienc
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