Genderongelijkheid in de dagbladberichtgeving over kunst en cultuur

Dit artikel behandelt de mate waarin en de manier waarop genderongelijkheid is veranderd in de dagbladberichtgeving over artistieke genres in Frankrijk, Duitsland, Nederland en de Verenigde Staten van 1955 tot 2005. Via een kwantitatieve inhoudsanalyse van twee elitekranten per land voor de jaren 1955, 1975, 1995 en 2005 zijn alle artikelen over kunst en cultuur in kaart gebracht (n = 15.379). Onze resultaten laten ten eerste verrassend weinig cross-nationale verschillen zien in de dagbladaandacht voor vrouwen in kunst en cultuur. Ook constateren we dat er in de afgelopen vijf decennia in geen van de onderzochte landen ook maar bij benadering gendergelijkheid is bereikt. Hoewel vrouwen ondervertegenwoordigd zijn in de dagbladberichtgeving over alle artistieke genres, vonden we duidelijke verschillen tussen genres, met name tussen archit

Epistemological Tensions in Bourdieu's Conception of Social Science

The main purpose of this paper is to explore Pierre Bourdieu’s conception of social science. To this end, the paper sheds light on the main epistemological presuppositions that undergird Bourdieu’s defence of reflexive sociology as a scientific endeavour. The predominant view in the literature is that, in most of his writings,Bourdieu has a tendency to embrace a positivist conception of social science. When examining Bourdieu’s conception of social science in more detail, however, it becomes clear that the assumption that he remains trapped in a positivist paradigm does not do justice to the complexity of his multifaceted account of social science. In order to illustrate the complexity of Bourdieu’s conception of social science, the following analysis scrutinises ten epistemological tensions which can be found in Bourdieu’s writings on the nature of knowledge production. In view of these epistemological tensions, a more fine-grained picture emerges which demonstrates that Bourdieu invites,and indeed compels, us to reflect upon the complexity of the various tension-laden tasks posed by the pursuit of a critical social science

Naar een analytische stratificatiesociologie. Over klasse, status en ongelijkheid

Een van de hoofdvragen van de sociologie richt zich op de oorzaken en gevolgen van maatschappelijke ongelijkheden. Wij betogen dat de sociologie vanwege twee samenhangende problemen tekortschiet in de beantwoording van die vraag. Ten eerste wordt het door Weber uitgewerkte verschil tussen stratificatie in het economische domein (‘klasse’) en stratificatie in het culturele domein (‘status’) veronachtzaamd. Ten tweede richt stratificatieonderzoek zich voornamelijk op het bieden van statistische in plaats van theoretische verklaringen. Daardoor maakt onderzoek niet goed duidelijk of en hoe klassenverschillen en statusverschillen leiden tot 1) ongelijkheid in het economische domein, 2) intergenerationele reproductie van stratificatie, en 3) verschillende denk- voel- en handelingsrepertoires. Om deze problemen op te lossen werken we een alternatieve analytisch-sociologische onderzoeksaanpak uit. We illustreren de waarde van deze aanpak door uitkomsten van bestaande stratificatiestudies kritisch te bespreken. Het artikel sluit af met de implicaties van de hier gepropageerde analytische stratificatiesociologie voor vervolgonderzoek

How can economic sociology help business relationship management?

Purpose – By analyzing organizations as social actors and business relationships as social relationships, sociology can improve business relationship management. This paper aims to explore the issues involved. Design/methodology/approach – A business relationship is an interactive exchange between two organizations embedded in a network of business connections. The paper reviews theories of social actions and social actors and the concepts of economic field and embeddedness to illustrate some social dimensions of business relationships. Findings – Social action and social actor theories emphasize that co-operation is always encumbered with conflicts, that consciousness about the relationship is fundamental for both strongly and weakly structured actors, and that actors (people involved in a business relationship) always have some freedom of manoeuvre. The concept of economic field underscores the specificity of each business relationship and the critical need for concrete analysis. The concept of embeddedness highlights that no business relationship is possible without personal bonds. Research limitations/implications – These are the first results of a deeper and broader research directed towards a conceptual model of business relationship management. Practical implications – The paper can help managers to analyze more deeply the social dimensions of business relations with both suppliers and buyers. Consciousness, the ongoing presence of conflicts, the unavoidable role of personal bonds, and interactivity are always relevant in business relationship management. Originality/value – The paper integrates sociological and business marketing approaches. It applies essential sociological theories and concepts to business relationship management

Sociologie, psychologie et sociologie psychologique

Titre du fascicule : Psychologie sociale et communicationWhere do the borders lie between the sociological and psychological domains? Was Durkheim showing an imperialist side when he wrote that "psychology is destined to be partly renewed" under the influence of sociological research or when he asserted that "the whole sociology is a psychology" and was he at risk of making the borders seem even less clear? In fact, the evolution of perceptions about what is sociological and what is not raises the tricky question of the definition of what is "social". This article argues that if sociology is to gain greater scientific autonomy and increase its field of intelligibility, then it must accept the diversity of the range of its observation. Within the list of sociologically studied behavioural variations it must include the interindividual and intra-individual variations that, until now, have been left to psychology.Où commencent et òu s'arrêtent les domaines respectifs du sociologue et du psychologue? Durkheim se montre-t-il impérialiste lorsqu'il écrit que «la psychologie est destinée à se renouveler en partie» sous l'influence de la recherche sociologique ou lorsqu'il affirme que «toute la sociologie est une psychologie», au risque de brouiller les frontières disciplinaires? En fait, l'évolution des perceptions concernant ce qui est sociologique et ce qui ne l'est pas soulève le délicat problème de la définition du «social». Cet article défend l'idée selon laquelle, pour gagner en autonomie scientifique et accroître son champ d'intelligibilité, la sociologie doit accepter la diversité des échelles d'observation et intégrer à la liste des variations de comportements sociologiquement étudiables les variations inter-individuelles et intra-individuelles des comportements laissées jusque-là à la psychologie. [ http://hdl.handle.net/2042/8966

‘Time’ in tourism: ‘individual time’ and ‘social time’

The author does a review of the research into tourist activity and concludes that the particular character of tourist behaviour is reflected best in the study of time budgets. He proposes Max Weber's ideal-type method to be used in the analysis. In the conclusions to the article the author presents typical examples of qualitative time (recreation, holidays, tourism)