Exploring accuracy and impact of concurrent and retrospective self-talk among golfers

The current study aimed to provide insight into the types and frequency of self-talk of skilled golfers (n = 6) by considering and comparing concurrent verbalization and retrospective reports. Each participant wore a microphone to record his thoughts while verbalizing them for the duration of nine holes of golf on three separate occasions. The researchers transcribed and coded this verbalized self-talk. Participants also completed a retrospective self-talk questionnaire at the conclusion of each round. Results suggest that participants’ concurrent verbalization and retrospective reports were inconsistent, specifically with regard to function (i.e., motivational versus instructional) and valence (i.e., positive, negative, and neutral), and that participants felt their concurrent verbalization more accurately reflected their experiences. The results support previous research that indicates that retrospective reports of self-talk may not provide accurate insight into what athletes actually say to themselves as they perform in their sports, while asserting that concurrent verbalization may be a more accurate representation of their self-talk experiences

Third-person self-talk facilitates emotion regulation without engaging cognitive control: Converging evidence from ERP and fMRI.

Does silently talking to yourself in the third-person constitute a relatively effortless form of self control? We hypothesized that it does under the premise that third-person self-talk leads people to think about the self similar to how they think about others, which provides them with the psychological distance needed to facilitate self control. We tested this prediction by asking participants to reflect on feelings elicited by viewing aversive images (Study 1) and recalling negative autobiographical memories (Study 2) using either I or their name while measuring neural activity via ERPs (Study 1) and fMRI (Study 2). Study 1 demonstrated that third-person self-talk reduced an ERP marker of self-referential emotional reactivity (i.e., late positive potential) within the first second of viewing aversive images without enhancing an ERP marker of cognitive control (i.e., stimulus preceding negativity). Conceptually replicating these results, Study 2 demonstrated that third-person self-talk was linked with reduced levels of activation in an a priori defined fMRI marker of self-referential processing (i.e., medial prefrontal cortex) when participants reflected on negative memories without eliciting increased levels of activity in a priori defined fMRI markers of cognitive control. Together, these results suggest that third-person self-talk may constitute a relatively effortless form of self-control

Summary talk: Gauge Boson Self Interactions

A review is given of the theoretical expectations of the self couplings of gauge bosons and of the present experimental information on the couplings. The possibilities for future measurements are also discussed.Comment: Latex filex, 4 tarred, uuencoded encapsulated postscript files. Postscript at http://theor1.lbl.gov/www/theorygroup/papers/37014.p

Implementasi Teknik Self Talk Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan teknik self Talk untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar pada Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep. (2) Untuk mengetahui gambaran aktivitas belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep sebelum dan setelah diberi teknik Self Talk. Untuk mengetahui (3) Apakah penerapan teknik Self Talk dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimental. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep sebanyak 12 siswa pada Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 12 siswa. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrumen angket dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pelaksanaan teknik self Talk terdiri atas 4 tahap yaitu tahap memberikan informasi, memberikan lembar jurnal self thought kepada siswa, pernyataan self talk positif dan evaluasi (2) Tingkat aktivitas belajar pada siswa sebelum diberikan teknik self talk berada pada kategori rendah dan setelah diberikan teknik self talk berada pada kategori sangat tinggi (3) Penerapan teknik self talk dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar pada siswa di SMP Negeri 1 Pangkep

Applied Research Automatic Self-Talk Questionnaire for Sports (ASTQS): Development and Preliminary Validation of a Measure Identifying the Structure of Athletes’ Self-Talk

The aim of the present investigation was to develop an instrument assessing the con­tent and the structure of athletes’ self-talk. The study was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, a large pool of items was generated and content analysis was used to organize the items into categories. Furthermore, item-content relevance analysis was conducted to help identifying the most appropriate items. In Stage 2, the factor struc­ture of the instrument was examined by a series of exploratory factor analyses (Sample A: N = 507), whereas in Stage 3 the results of the exploratory factor analysis were retested through confirmatory factor analyses (Sample B: N = 766) and at the same time concurrent validity were assessed. The analyses revealed eight factors, four pos­itive (psych up, confidence, anxiety control and instruction), three negative (worry, disengagement and somatic fatigue) and one neutral (irrelevant thoughts). The find­ings of the study provide evidence regarding the multidimensionality of self-talk, suggesting that ASTQS seems a psychometrically sound instrument that could help us developing cognitive-behavioral theories and interventions to examine and modify athletes’ self-talk

Self-Talk: An Interdisciplinary Review and Transdisciplinary Model

The present work synthesises the self-talk literature and constructs a transdisciplinary self-talk model to guide future research across all academic disciplines that engage with self-talk. A comprehensive research review was conducted, including 559 self-talk articles published between 1978 and 2020. These articles were divided into 6 research categories: (a) inner dialogue, (b) mixed spontaneous and goal-directed organic self-talk, (c) goal-directed self-talk, (d) spontaneous self-talk, (e) educational self-talk interventions, and (f) strategic self-talk interventions. Following this, critical details were extracted from a subsample of 100 articles to create an interdisciplinary synthesis of the self-talk literature. Based on the synthesis, a self-talk model was created that places spontaneous and goal-directed organic self-talk as well as educational and strategic self-talk interventions in relation to variables within their nomological network, including external factors (e.g. task difficulty), descriptive states and traits (e.g. emotions), behaviour and performance, metacognition, and psychological skills (e.g. concentration)

Self-talk and Softball Performance: The Role of Self-talk Nature, Motor Task Characteristics, and Self-efficacy in Novice Softball Players

Objectives: To determine the effect of self-talk on softball throwing performance. Additionally, two moderators, nature of self-talk and type of motor task, as well as a potential mediator of self-efficacy were examined. Design: An experimental, within-subjects, and counterbalanced design. Methods: Forty-two senior high students (mean age = 17.48 ± 0.55) were instructed to use instructional, motivational, and unrelated self-talk with counterbalanced order prior to softball throwing for accuracy and distance tasks. Results: Both instructional and motivational self-talk conditions had better performance than unrelated self-talk on softball throwing accuracy, whereas motivational self-talk had better performance than both instructional and unrelated self-talk in softball throwing for distance. Results for self-efficacy were similar, with self-efficacy for accuracy performance higher in both instructional and motivational self-talk conditions than with unrelated self-talk, while self-efficacy was highest in the motivational self-talk condition and lowest with unrelated self-talk. Significant correlations between self-efficacy and motor performance were also found with both tasks. Conclusion: These findings partially support the task-matching hypothesis, confirm the moderator role of type of self-talk and task type, suggest that self-efficacy has a mediator role, and provide direction for self-talk effectiveness

Intersecting branes from 7-manifolds with G_2 holonomy

In this talk I discuss intersecting brane configurations coming from explicit metrics with G_2 holonomy. An example of a 7-manifold which representing a R^3 bundle over a self-dual Einstein space is described and the potential appearing after compactification over the 6-d twistor space is derived.Comment: 7 pages, Latex, talk presented at the 35th Symposium Ahrenshoop, August 200