Vpliv skupin starih za samopomoč na kakovost življenja v lokalni skupnosti

V prispevku želimo pokazati, da so skupine starih za samopomoč v zdravstveni negi v lokalni skupnosti koristna in uporabna metoda dela oziroma pristop, ki pozitivno vpliva na kakovost življenja vanjo vključenih starostnikov. Predstavljamo mehanizem delovanja skupine starih za samopomoč in koncept kakovosti življenja. Opisujemo izvedeno prospektivno raziskavo, temelječo na anketnem vprašalniku. Na njeni osnovi ugotavljamo, da skupina starih za samopomoč v lokalni skupnosti pozitivno vpliva na splošno oceno kakovosti življenja, pozitivno vpliva na zaznavanje socialnih odnosov (kvalitativni vidik socialnih stikov) in socialnega vključevanja (kvantitativni vidik socialnih stikov) ter na zadovoljstvo starostnikov z lastnim zdravjem. Pozitivnega vpliva na število bolezni nismo uspeli dokazati, prav tako skupina ne vpliva na zadovoljstvo s sluhom in vidom ter s finančnim stanjem. V razpravi predstavljamo svojo interpretacijo ugotovitev. Veljavnost naših zaključkov je zaradi nekaterih metodoloških ovir omejena

Mutual disturbance of users of individual parts of buildings

Izvrševanje lastninskih upravičenj na nepremičnini lahko navzven predstavlja določena za druge osebe motilna ravnanja, kar pa je skoraj da neizbežen pojav pri uporabi prostorsko tesno povezanih posameznih delov stavb. Pravila sosedskega prava se smiselno uporabljajo za razmerja v etažni lastnini, zavezujejo pa ne le lastnika, temveč tudi vsakokratnega uporabnika (neposrednega posestnika). Temelj medsosedske ureditve je načelno prizadevanje sosedov, da se medsebojno ne vznemirjajo in da si ne povzročajo škode, pri tem pa morajo svoje pravice izvrševati pošteno in v skladu s krajevnimi običaji. Zaradi tehnološkega razvoja je sobivanje brez čezmejnih vplivov zgolj nedosegljiv ideal, zato je sosedsko pravo postavilo tolerančni prag, preseganje katerega pomeni prepovedano imisijo. Glavni obliki pravnega varstva zoper prepovedane imisije, ki je najpogostejše vrsta medsosedskega motenja, je petitorna negatorna tožba ali provizorična tožba zaradi motenja posesti, togost stvarnega prava pa se presega z obligacijskopravno popularno tožbo. Medsebojnih motilnih ravnanj uporabnikov pa ne predstavljajo le prepovedane imisije. Na neskončno premico motilnih ravnanj spadajo vsa dejanja, ki so za posameznika nevšečna, vse od golega verbalnega vznemirjanja na eni strani, pa do bistveno intenzivnejšega odvzema stvari na drugi. Jedro te naloge je bralcu predstaviti, katera pravna sredstva glede na različne kriterije, kot sta naprimer vrsta motilnega ravnanja glede na intenziteto in pravna podlaga za uporabo posameznega dela, veljavno pravo zagotavlja osebi, ki je z ravnanji motena.Exercising property rights relating to real estate may externally constitute a certain nuisance to others, which is almost an inevitable phenomenon in the use of spatially tightly connected individual parts of buildings. Rules of law regulating relationships between neighbours apply, mutatis mutandis, to relationships between strata-title owners and bind not only the owner but also each respective individual user (direct possessor). The cornerstone of the rules regulating relationships between neighbours is the principled endeavour of neighbours not to disturb and cause harm to each other, while exercising their rights fairly and in accordance with local customs. Due to technological developments, coexistence without cross-border influences is merely an unattainable ideal, and therefore the law regulating relationships between neighbours has set a nuisance-related tolerance threshold, which, if exceeded, constitutes a prohibited nuisance. The main form of legal remedy against a prohibited nuisance, which is the most common type of encroachment between neighbours, is the actio negatoria and the civil nuisance lawsuit, however, the rigidity of property law is surpassed by the tort law actio popularis. However, cases of prohibited nuisance are not the only type of mutual disruptive behaviours. The endless line of disruptive behaviours includes all acts that are unpleasant to the individual, ranging from mere verbal harassment on the one hand to a much more intense case of deprivation of possession on the other. The core of this thesis is to present to the reader what remedies are available, on the basis of the applicable law, to the aggrieved party suffering from encroachment, according to various criteria, such as the type of disruptive behaviour with respect to its intensity and the legal basis for the use of each individual part of the building

The characteristics of loneliness among residents in old people\u27s homes

Človek je biološko in psihološko bitje, a tudi socialno, zato težko živi sam. Občutek osamljenosti je zato v starosti povezan z izgubo bližnjih oseb in redkejšimi socialnimi stiki. Z raziskavo sem želel ugotoviti, kako se prepozna osamljenost pri stanovalcih doma, kakšno je razumevanje osamljenosti stanovalcev pri socialnih delavkah, katere metode socialnega dela uporabljajo za preprečevanje in preseganje osamljenosti stanovalcev vsi sodelujoči v procesu pomoči, kako ostali zaposleni prepoznavajo osamljenost stanovalcev ter kako v danih primerih ravnajo, kako lahko stanovalci sami pripomorejo k preprečevanju in odpravljanju osamljenosti in katere so možnosti vpliva na zmanjšanje osamljenosti pri stanovalcih. Moja raziskava je kvalitativna, za samo raziskavo sem zbral podatke s pomočjo polstrukturiranega oziroma polstandardiziranega intervjuja, same intervjuje pa sem opravil s socialnimi delavci, zaposlenimi v domovih za stare. Z raziskavo sem ugotovil, da se kot glavni znak osamljenosti pri stanovalcih kaže njihov umik iz družbe. Pri tem je pojav osamljenosti v starosti nasploh najbolj povezan s pojavom zdravstvenih težav in/ali krčenjem socialne mreže pri posamezniku, kar lahko vodi do socialne in zdravstvene izolacije posameznika. Ob poslabšanju zdravstvenega stanja stanovalci namreč težje navezujejo stike z ljudmi, saj to zahteva energijo ter predstavlja napor. Poleg tega se (lahko) v starosti pojavijo nekateri dogodki, ki lahko osebo še kako zaznamujejo in ji lahko povzročajo občutke osamljenosti. Ti dogodki so na primer smrt partnerja, smrt prijateljev in drugo. Poleg naštetega lahko sam prihod v dom predstavlja veliko življenjsko prelomnico v življenju posameznikov. Ključen prvi korak ob zaznavi osamljenosti pri stanovalcih je pogovor s stanovalcem. Stanovalce se povabi k sodelovanju pri aktivnostih v domu, ključna je njihova samoiniciativnost. Eno izmed najbolj pozitivnih strani kolektivnega bivanja predstavlja druženje, ki je lahko ključno pri zmanjševanju osamljenosti pri posameznikih. Pomemben del pri zaznavi ter kasneje preprečevanju osamljenosti pri stanovalcih imajo socialni delavci, ostali zaposleni in sorodniki ter tudi prostovoljci. Slednje se sicer aktivira na željo stanovalca. Moj predlog je, da bi morali v prihodnje spremeniti in prilagoditi normativ, ki se tiče števila zaposlenih socialnih delavcev v domovih za stare. Poleg tega bi predlagal tudi več skupin za samopomoč v domovih za stare in njihovo bolj pogosto aktivnost. Kot zadnje predlagam preverjanje osamljenosti pri stanovalcih s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika enkrat mesečno.People are, apart from biological and psychological, also social beings, so they can hardly live just on their own. Loneliness in later life is connected with loss of people, that are close to them and so their social network(s) usually gets smaller. The purpose of my graduation Thesis is to examine, how loneliness is seen at older people, living in institutional care, how is understanding of loneliness among older people seen by social workers, employed in homes for older people, which methods of social work do social workers and others use in the process of help to prevent and overcome loneliness among older people, how other employes in home for older people are noticing and dealing with loneliness, which appers among older people in home for older people, what older people can do themselves to prevent to feeling lonely and which are options to choose from, when loneliness appears. My research is qualitative, for which I choose to collect data with half structured interviews. I did my interviews with social workers, employed in homes for older people in Slovenia. With my graduation thesis, I acknowledge that getting away from social interaction is the main symbol, that shows loneliness. Loneliness usually appears after health problem(s) and/or when social network(s) is getting smaller. That can lead older people to social and health isolation. When health status of older person is getting worse, older people normally find it more difficult to get into interactions with others, it also takes more energy to do that. Apart from this, older people can also lose people from their social network(s), for example, because of death(s) of their friends, or partner. The main step towards overcoming loneliness among older people by employes, specially social workers, is to talk with them. Older people are welcomed into institutional activities, but there is really important their selfiniciative, will to participate in those activities. The main advance of living in institutional care is plenty of chances for socialising inside institution with other older people, which can be crucial at lowering loneliness. Important part at recognizing loneliness is led by social workers, other employes, relatives, and also volunteers. But it is important to adress, that volunteers are only included in case older people want them to be added. My suggestion is to raise norms for the number of employed social workers in homes for older people. I would also like to suggest more self-help groups, which would be organized more frequently. At last, I suggest to carry out a survey about loneliness among older people in homes for older people once a month