4,900 research outputs found

    No free lunch sur le Web 2.0! Ce que cache la gratuité apparente des réseaux sociaux numériques

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    Cet article vise à décomposer les principaux mécanismes économiques sur lesquels s’appuie le développement des réseaux sociaux et des sites du Web 2.0. La gratuité d’usage, érigée en norme sur Internet, nous y apparaîtra comme la composante partielle d’un système de tarification plus large, obéissant à une logique de marché multiface. L’article analyse ensuite les principales questions de régulation que le développement de cette nouvelle industrie pose à l’autorité publique

    Trust and manipulation in social networks

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    We investigate the role of manipulation in a model of opinion formation where agents have opinions about some common question of interest. Agents repeatedly communicate with their neighbors in the social network, can exert some effort to manipulate the trust of others, and update their opinions taking weighted averages of neighbors’ opinions. The incentives to manipulate are given by the agents’ preferences. We show that manipulation can modify the trust structure and lead to a connected society, and thus, make the society reaching a consensus. Manipulation fosters opinion leadership, but the manipulated agent may even gain influence on the long-run opinions. In sufficiently homophilic societies, manipulation accelerates (slows down) convergence if it decreases (increases) homophily. Finally, we investigate the tension between information aggregation and spread of misinformation. We find that if the ability of the manipulating agent is weak and the agents underselling (overselling) their information gain (lose) overall influence, then manipulation reduces misinformation and agents converge jointly to more accurate opinions about some underlying true state

    Inauguration de la bibliothèque en open access au Centre for Information and Library de l’Université agronomique n°1 de Hanoï

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    Aboutissement du projet open acces lancé en mars 2005 avec le soutien de la CUD, le libre accès des collections de la Bibliothèque centrale de l’UAh a été inauguré le 11 octobre dernier. Un cap supplémentaire franchi en matière d’accès à la connaissance et à ses modes d’appropriation

    Teaching versus research: a multitasking approach to multi-department universities

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    The budget of a university essentially depends on the number of students it enrols. In multidepartment universities resources created in one department may be redistributed to other departments. This redistribution affects the way academics share their working time between research and teaching activities. Redistribution creates free-riding on teaching efforts. In this paper, we show that by designing internal financial rules which create yardstick competition for research funds, a multi-department university may induce better teaching quality and research, as compared to the performance of independent departments

    Bargaining and delay in trading networks

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    We study a model in which heterogenous agents first form a trading network where link formation is costless. Then, a seller and a buyer are randomly selected among the agents to bargain through a chain of intermediaries. We determine both the trading path and the allocation of the surplus among the seller, the buyer and the intermediaries at equilibrium. We show that a trading network is pairwise stable if and only if it is a core periphery network where the core consists of all weak (or impatient) agents who are linked to each other and the periphery consists of all strong (or patient) agents who have a single link towards a weak agent. Once agents do not know the impatience of the other agents, each bilateral bargaining session may involve delay, but not perpetual disagreement, in equilibrium. When an agent chooses another agent on a path from the buyer to the seller to negotiate bilaterally a partial agreement, her choice now depends both on the type of this other agent and on how much time the succeeding agents on the path will need to reach their partial agreements. We provide sufficient conditions such that core periphery networks are pairwise stable in presence of private information

    Networks of free trade agreements among heterogeneous countries

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    The paper examines the formation of free trade agreements as a network formation game. We consider a three-country model in which international trade occurs between economies with imperfectly competitive product markets. Labor markets can be unionized and non-unionized in each country. We show that if all countries are of the same type (all of them are either unionized or non-unionized), the global free trade network is both the unique pairwise stable network and the unique efficient network. If some countries are unionized while others are non-unionized, other networks apart from the global free trade network are likely to be pairwise stable. However, the efficient network is always the global free trade network. Thus, a conflict between stability and efficiency may occur. Moreover, starting from the network in which no country has signed a free trade agreement, all sequences of networks due to continuously profitable deviations do not lead (in most cases) to the global free trade network, even when global free trade is stable. Key words: F15, F16, C7

    R&D networks among unionized firms

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    We develop a model of strategic networks in order to analyze how trade unions will affect the stability and efficiency of R&D collaboration networks in an oligopolistic industry with three firms. Whenever firms settle wages, the complete network is always pairwise stable and the partially connected network is stable if and only if spillovers are large enough. If spillovers are small, the complete network is the efficient network; otherwise, the efficient network is the partially connected network. Thus, a conflict between stability and efficiency may occur: efficient networks are pairwise stable, but the reverse is not true. Strong stability even reinforces this conflict. However, once unions settle wages such conflict disappears: the complete network is the unique pairwise and strongly stable network and is the efficient network whatever the spillovers

    Les usages de l'identité sociale dans un monde connexionniste

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    The BPM ontology

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    This chapter introduces the BPM ontology that can be applied within the area of process modelling, process engineering and process architecture. At the highest level by providing the fundamental process concepts that are used to document corporate knowledge. At the lowest level by structuring the process knowledge itself in defining its relations

    Réversibilité et asymétrie des rôles chez Michel Henry et Merleau-Ponty

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