2,552 research outputs found
Probing and modelling the localized self-mixing in a GaN/AlGaN field-effect terahertz detector
In a GaN/AlGaN field-effect terahertz detector, the directional photocurrent
is mapped in the two-dimensional space of the gate voltage and the drain/source
bias. It is found that not only the magnitude, but also the polarity, of the
photocurrent can be tuned. A quasistatic self-mixing model taking into account
the localized terahertz field provides a quantitative description of the
detector characteristics. Strongly localized self-mixing is confirmed. It is
therefore important to engineer the spatial distribution of the terahertz field
and its coupling to the field-effect channel on the sub-micron scale.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted to AP
Vibration Damping of Carbon Nanotube Assembly Materials
Vibration reduction is of great importance in various engineering
applications, and a material that exhibits good vibration damping along with
high strength and modulus has become more and more vital. Owing to the superior
mechanical property of carbon nanotube (CNT), new types of vibration damping
material can be developed. This paper presents recent advancements, including
our progresses, in the development of high-damping macroscopic CNT assembly
materials, such as forests, gels, films, and fibers. In these assemblies,
structural deformation of CNTs, zipping and unzipping at CNT connection nodes,
strengthening and welding of the nodes, and sliding between CNTs or CNT bundles
are playing important roles in determining the viscoelasticity, and elasticity
as well. Towards the damping enhancement, strategies for micro-structure and
interface design are also discussed
Bio-Inspired Aggregation Control of Carbon Nanotubes for Ultra-Strong Composites
High performance nanocomposites require well dispersion and high alignment of
the nanometer-sized components, at a high mass or volume fraction as well.
However, the road towards such composite structure is severely hindered due to
the easy aggregation of these nanometer-sized components. Here we demonstrate a
big step to approach the ideal composite structure for carbon nanotube (CNT)
where all the CNTs were highly packed, aligned, and unaggregated, with the
impregnated polymers acting as interfacial adhesions and mortars to build up
the composite structure. The strategy was based on a bio-inspired aggregation
control to limit the CNT aggregation to be sub 20--50 nm, a dimension
determined by the CNT growth. After being stretched with full structural
relaxation in a multi-step way, the CNT/polymer (bismaleimide) composite
yielded super-high tensile strengths up to 6.27--6.94 GPa, more than 100%
higher than those of carbon fiber/epoxy composites, and toughnesses up to
117--192 MPa. We anticipate that the present study can be generalized for
developing multifunctional and smart nanocomposites where all the surfaces of
nanometer-sized components can take part in shear transfer of mechanical,
thermal, and electrical signals
Spin transfer nano-oscillators
The use of spin transfer nano-oscillators (STNOs) to generate microwave
signal in nanoscale devices have aroused tremendous and continuous research
interest in recent years. Their key features are frequency tunability,
nanoscale size, broad working temperature, and easy integration with standard
silicon technology. In this feature article, we give an overview of recent
developments and breakthroughs in the materials, geometry design and properties
of STNOs. We focus in more depth on our latest advances in STNOs with
perpendicular anisotropy showing a way to improve the output power of STNO
towards the {\mu}W range. Challenges and perspectives of the STNOs that might
be productive topics for future research were also briefly discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, nanoscale 201
Detection of incoherent broadband terahertz light using antenna-coupled high-electron-mobility field-effect transistors
The sensitivity of direct terahertz detectors based on self-mixing of
terahertz electromagnetic wave in field-effect transistors is being improved
with noise-equivalent power close to that of Schottky-barrier-diode detectors.
Here we report such detectors based on AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas
at 77~K are able to sense broadband and incoherent terahertz radiation. The
measured photocurrent as a function of the gate voltage agrees well with the
self-mixing model and the spectral response is mainly determined by the
antenna. A Fourier-transform spectrometer equipped with detectors designed for
340, 650 and 900~GHz bands allows for terahertz spectroscopy in a frequency
range from 0.1 to 2.0~THz. The 900~GHz detector at 77~K offers an optical
sensitivity about being comparable to a commercial
silicon bolometer at 4.2~K. By further improving the sensitivity,
room-temperature detectors would find applications in active/passive terahertz
imaging and terahertz spectroscopy.Comment: 4.5 pages, 5 figure
Enhanced photoelectric and photothermal responses on silicon platform by plasmonic absorber and omni-schottky junction
Recent progresses in plasmon-induced hot electrons open up the possibility to achieve photon harvesting beyond the fundamental limit imposed by band-to-band transitions in semiconductors. To obtain high efficiency, both the optical absorption and electron emission/collection are crucial factors that need to be addressed in the design of hot electron devices. Here, we demonstrate a photoresponse as high as 3.3mA/W at 1500nm on a silicon platform by plasmonic absorber (PA) and omni-Schottky junction integrated photodetector, reverse biased at 5V and illuminated with 10mW. The PA fabricated on silicon consists of a monolayer of random Au nanoparticles (NPs), a wide-band gap semiconductor (TiO2) and an optically thick Au electrode, resulting in broadband near-infrared (NIR) absorption and efficient hot-electron transfer via an all-around Schottky emission path. Meanwhile, time and spectral-resolved photoresponse measurements reveal that embedded NPs with superior absorption resembling plasmonic local heating sources can transfer their energy to electricity via the photothermal mechanism, which until now has not been adequately assessed or rigorously differentiated from the photoelectric process in plasmon-mediated photon harvesting nano-systems
Enhancement of Friction between Carbon Nanotubes: An Efficient Strategy to Strengthen Fibers
Interfacial friction plays a crucial role in the mechanical properties of
carbon nanotube based fibers, composites, and devices. Here we use molecular
dynamics simulation to investigate the pressure effect on the friction within
carbon nanotube bundles. It reveals that the intertube frictional force can be
increased by a factor of 1.5 ~ 4, depending on tube chirality and radius, when
all tubes collapse above a critical pressure and when the bundle remains
collapsed with unloading down to atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, the overall
cross-sectional area also decreases significantly for the collapsed structure,
making the bundle stronger. Our study suggests a new and efficient way to
reinforce nanotube fibers, possibly stronger than carbon fibers, for usage at
ambient conditions.Comment: revtex, 5 pages, accepted by ACS Nano 10 Dec 200
Metamaterial absorber integrated microfluidic terahertz sensors
Spatial overlap between the electromagnetic fields and the analytes is a key factor for strong light-matter interaction leading to high sensitivity for label-free refractive index sensing. Usually, the overlap and therefore the sensitivity are limited by either the localized near field of plasmonic antennas or the decayed resonant mode outside the cavity applied to monitor the refractive index variation. In this paper, by constructing a metal microstructure array-dielectric-metal (MDM) structure, a novel metamaterial absorber integrated microfluidic (MAIM) sensor is proposed and demonstrated in terahertz (THz) range, where the dielectric layer of the MDM structure is hollow and acts as the microfluidic channel. Tuning the electromagnetic parameters of metamaterial absorber, greatly confined electromagnetic fields can be obtained in the channel resulting in significantly enhanced interaction between the analytes and the THz wave. A high sensitivity of 3.5 THz/RIU is predicted. The experimental results of devices working around 1 THz agree with the simulation ones well. The proposed idea to integrate metamaterial and microfluid with a large light-matter interaction can be extended to other frequency regions and has promising applications in matter detection and biosensing
Wide-Range Tunable Dynamic Property of Carbon Nanotube-Based Fibers
Carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber is formed by assembling millions of individual
tubes. The assembly feature provides the fiber with rich interface structures
and thus various ways of energy dissipation, as reflected by the non-zero loss
tangent (>0.028--0.045) at low vibration frequencies. A fiber containing
entangled CNTs possesses higher loss tangents than a fiber spun from aligned
CNTs. Liquid densification and polymer infiltration, the two common ways to
increase the interfacial friction and thus the fiber's tensile strength and
modulus, are found to efficiently reduce the damping coefficient. This is
because the sliding tendency between CNT bundles can also be well suppressed by
the high packing density and the formation of covalent polymer cross-links
within the fiber. The CNT/bismaleimide composite fiber exhibited the smallest
loss tangent, nearly as the same as that of carbon fibers. At a higher level of
the assembly structure, namely a multi-ply CNT yarn, the inter-fiber friction
and sliding tendency obviously influence the yarn's damping performance, and
the loss tangent can be tuned within a wide range, as similar to carbon fibers,
nylon yarns, or cotton yarns. The wide-range tunable dynamic properties allow
new applications ranging from high quality factor materials to dissipative
systems
The effect of Ga-doped nanocrystalline ZnO electrode on deep-ultraviolet enhanced GaN photodetector
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