A multivariate method for estimating the existence of cryptic archaeological sites at infrastructure works

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/1130A parametric spatio-temporal model for facing the risk of exposure of crypticarchaeological sites due to large infrastructure projects in rural areas is presented. Itworks under budget constraints in the information market, and is useful for makingdecisions on the control of environmental systems. After characterizing and measuring themain variables that describe the probability of the existence of any site in an area whereworks are projected, a function is generated through an artificial neural network or someother statistical process to find these probabilities in each zone of the rural area. Themethod provides cartography with probabilities of existence of archaeological sites, auseful tool for choosing the best location for the planned infrastructure. This method ofnon-invasive prospecting of archeological evidence, reduces the cost of informationgathering to one third of traditional methods and provides probabilities with satisfactoryaccuracy

Short chronological analysis of the 2007-2009 eruptive cycle and its nested cones formation at Llaima volcano

The Llaima volcano (38°41’S / 71°43′W) is one of the most active volcanoes of South America. In the present work we have combined direct field and sequential photography observation plus remote sensing of low cost, making possible to reconstruct its 2007-2009 eruptive cycle. Llaima volcano eruption began on January 1, 2008 at 18:11 local time, preceded by seismic and surface precursory activity. The onset of eruptive activity was followed by a second paroxysmal eruption occurred on April 2009, and the occurrence of Hawaiian, strombolian and phreatomagmatic reactivation pulses which edified a series of small nested scoriae and spatter cones inside the main crater of volcano. Their evolution was widely registered, defining with clarity two eruptive stages and nine eruptive phases. Several basaltic pahoehoe and AA lava flows descended from the main crater, producing glaciers melting and then lahars, which transported large-size blocks of ice and boulders. Also, pyroclastic flows and ash fall events where observed. This activity persisted until 2009 when finally ended. The record is very important to learn about Llaima eruptive behavior and could be used in population risk management

Relation between exposure to altitude and ventilatory response: a review to facilitate the adaptation to high lands

In order to update and arrange the information about the physiological response to the increase in altitude, this article is a literature review. Despite the lack of systematic studies that cause uncertainty in decision making for the proper management of human resources, in general it is identified the fourth day as one when the adaptation process starts over 3000 meters. The results presented here may be useful for the mining industry in Andean countries where thousands of workers are intended to operate at high altitudes

Hybrid Support Vector Machines to Classify Traffic Accidents in the Región Metropolitana de Santiago

This work proposes a method to classify the traffic accidents, especially in the territorial unit with greater number of people and vehicles of Chile:  Metropolitan region. It used Support Vector Machines (SVM), tools which given a set of training samples as examples, allow to classify and thus train the SVM to build a model that predicts the class of a new sample. This technique despite being robust, it also has weaknesses, which are presented as a combinatorial problem in estimating and adjusting their input parameters. Obtaining good results depends on the intrinsic characteristics presented by SVM also the correct choice of the Kernel function and the input parameters. The choice and adjustment of parameters was performed with an evolutionary algorithm of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Finally, to solve the problem different models were developed used SVM with PSO algorithms, which sought to classify the degree of severity of the people who are involved in traffic accidents: uninjured or injured. Searching better results, variations of PSO where used, generating different models, comparing the results obtained with this to make the best choice for optimal results in the classification. Therefore, the best results were obtained for Puente Alto, with 94% accuracy, 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity

A linear additive model for ranking road alternatives and for revealing the relative importance of the variables that describe each of them

The selection of the best alternative within a plausible set has traditionally been a controversial issue in road engineering, particularly cause of the cryptic trait of the relative weights of the variables that explain each of them. Given this common situation, this paper proposes a simple and intuitive model through a linear programming, which not only ranks the alternatives according to their final attractive; but also reveals the relative importance of each variable that describes them. One advantage of this method is that it works regardless of the measurement units of the variables, no matter how different they are. Another advantage is that each alternative gets a number that represents its convenience as the final result

Proposal of geophysical survey for paleontologic prospecting in Cerro Ballena

Close to Caldera city in the Atacama Desert, a paleontological site of marine vertebrate fossils of Pliocene and Pleistocene was accidentally discovered. There were no previous studies of this coastal area until 2012, when a team of paleontologists made a quick removal of the fossils. This paper proposes a geophysical survey in this Chilean site by means of two methods: gravimetric and seismic. Most articles related to geophysics show effectiveness in measuring anomalies associated to geological units with fossil record; however, they are not focused on the search of the fossil itself. The methodology regards the study of the topography along the record of geological structures, the construction of a mesh for collecting of data, filter and interpretation. The expected results are related to quantitative gravimetric and seismic anomalies, those provide traces of the location and attitude of the stratum in which the fossils may be found. The study delivers information to sketch a fossil inventory in site without the necessity alteration of the environment. It should be noted that these geophysical methods are poorly used in the scientific enterprises linked to paleontology, so it is expected that this work may inspire future studies

Stop being island: reflections about a tunnel or bridge that connects Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego to continent

Because there is no ground transportation between the island and the mainland, transport between Tierra del Fuego island and South America is performed on ships and airplanes, without the regularity and frequency required for full regional integration. In this paper, we discuss the pros and cons of building and operating a bridge or tunnel in the narrowest parts of the Magellan strait. Regarding global experiences and studying the demographics, oceanography and geology of the area, it is concluded that the sector more conducive to realizing a bridge is the Primera Angostura, where such civil work would reach less than 5 kilometers long. Is expected as soon as possible having precise economic studies to refine the design and to define the bridge management system

Digital education, sensory motor skills and nostalgia for the Homo sapiens

Current technology characterized by a rapid advance in information and communication systems not only facilitates homework completion but also in some cases turns out to be an almost indispensable tool. However, the recurrence of this technology atrophies in students certain abilities of the human specie such as the efficient array of several environmental elements in both weight and distance. Regarding that these natural abilities can help to achieve a harmonious ensemble with the environment and its effect is not inconsistent with the digital practices, this paper proposes the revitalization of traditional skills by means of workshops and ateliers for keeping in students of Secondary Education a high performance in the three dimensions of space and in time

Editorial

Editoria

Editorial

Editoria