Production of Biodiesel from Esterification of Oil Recovered from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Sludge using Tungstated-Zirconia Composite Catalyst

Solid acid catalyst prepared from tungsten and zirconium oxide composite had been characterized and evaluated on biodiesel production by esterification of low quality oils taken from POME sludge. Catalyst characterization was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and acidity test. Acidity test of catalyst resulted using Gravimetry method is 5.4 mole/g. Esterification to produce biodiesel using tungsten and zirconium oxide composite show increasing amount of catalyst used will also increased conversion percentage of biodiesel produced and reach optimum value at 10%. Catalyst:oil ratio used to produce optimum conversion is 8:1 which converted 74.88% oil to biodiesel.Keywords: Tungsten-Zirconia composite, POME Sludge, EsterificationAbstrak (Indonesian). Penelitian tentang preparasi dan karakterisasi katalis komposit tungsten dan zirkonium oksida serta aplikasinya untuk esterifikasi minyak hasil recovery limbah sludge industri kelapa sawit telah dilakukan. Karakterisasi katalis dilakukan dengan menggunakan SEM dan uji sifat keasaman. Sifat keasaman katalis didapat sebesar 5,4 mol/g dengan metode gravimetri. Hasil pembuatan biodiesel dengan menggunakan katalis komposit tungsten dan zirkonium oksida didapatkan bahwa semakin besar jumlah katalis yang digunakan semakin besar pula % konversi biodiesel yang dihasilkan dan optimum pada 10%. Sementara perbandingan jumlah metanol:minyak didapatkan nilai optimum pada perbandingan 8:1 dengan % konversi biodiesel sebesar 74,88%.Kata Kunci: Tungsten-Zirconia composite, POME Sludge, Esterifikasi 

Synthesis of Catalyst Cobalt Impregnated on Activated Natural Zeolite, Co/ANZ

Research has been done on the synthesis of catalyst Co/Activated Natural Zeolite. The variables studied were the mass ratio of Cobalt to Zeolite and temperature of reduction during catalyst activation. The catalyst produced were analysed in their acidity and surface area. Acidity was presented in the form of ammonia and pyridine adsorption on the catalyst surface. The results showed the increasing Cobalt to Zeolite mass ratio will increase acidity of the catalyst produced. Reduction temperature during catalyst activation also gave same effect as Cobalt to Zeolite mass ratio did. Best ratio within the range of this study was Cobalt to Zeolite mass ratio of 6:20, which was found at reduction temperature of 400 C. This ratio gave catalyst acidity correspond to ammonia adsorption of 6.4615 mmol/g, and to pyridine adsorption of 2.6047 mmol/g catalyst. The best reduction temperature was 450 C at ratio of 6:20. The acidity of this catalyst was of 7.5202 mmol/g as in ammonia adsorption, and was of  3.662 mmol/g as in pyridine adsorption. Catalyst surface area of the best ratio was 32.63 m2/g, whilst catalyst surface area of the best reduction temperature was 38.95 m2/g. Keywords: catalyst, cobalt, activated natural Zeolite

Biofuel from Pyrolysis Waste Lube Oil of Refinery Unit III Using Fly Ash of Coal Combustion as a Catalyst

Lube oil waste obtained from Utilitis Unit, Crude Distillation Unit, Crude Distillation & Ligh End Unit at Refinery Unit III Plaju Palembang South Sumatra. The process of pyrolysis of lube oil waste using fly ash catalyst is expected to produce fuel oil. Lube oil waste pyrolysis uses Fly Ash catalysts with a total catalyst of 500 gr with a temperature range variation of 0-85oC, 85-16 oC, 165-250oC, 250-300oC, and 300-350oC, while pyrolysis of waste lube oil without catalysts with a variation in the temperature range of 0-85oC, 85-165oC, 165-250oC, 250-300 oC, and 300-350 oC. Temperature range variations are referenced based on boiling route solvent fraction (0-85 oC), premium fraction (85-165 oC), kerosene fraction (165-250 oC) and diesel (250-350 oC). Solvent fraction can not be analyzed because there is no product result whether it is pyrolysis process using catalyst or without catalyst, Premium Fraction is only produced using catalyst, Sulfur content analysis result, Mercaptane sulfur, Density meets Premium fuel specification except Octane Number 76.6. Sulfur content, Density and flash point analysis of pyrolysis products using catalysts and without catalysts in accordance with kerosene products in the market. Solar fraction of pyrolysis process using catalyst and without catalyst, Analysis results density, sulfur content, Total acid number, Water Content entered solar product specifications but cetane numbers 43.2 and 45.6 have not met the specifications of solar products.

Corrosion Analysis On Internal Plastic Coating Drill Pipe 5 Inch 19.50 PPF Grade G-105

In the oil, gas and geothermal drilling industry, the use of a drill pipe is vital for its use as an addition to the length of the drilling depth. Another function of the drill pipe is to channel high pressure drilling mud (drilling fluid / fluid) to the drill bit. During the drill pipe operation, several problems were encountered, such as broken, bent, and leaking or wash-out drill pipes. This is very detrimental to the company because the time to replace a new drill pipe will take a long time, and will disrupt the drilling program which will result in high drilling operational costs. This study analyzes the corrosion of the drill pipe which can cause damage to the drill pipe. The analysis on the drill pipe includes analysis of thickness, corrosion rate, remaining life, internal plastic coating damage, and SEM. The results show that the storage and use of drill pipes greatly affect the conductivity of the drill pipe

Utilization of Electrolyte Solution in Nanotube Formation on Ti-6Al-4V Metal Alloy

Formation of nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal did not occur homogeneously, so when it was coated with hydroxyapatite, it did not merge well. One of the factor that affected the inhomogeneously formed nanotube was the utilization of electrolyte solution. The research has been done to observe the effect of electrolyte solution in the formation of nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy. Electrolyte solution that was used was ethylene glycol, HF, and NH4F with time variation of an hour, 2 hour, and 3 hour. Formation of nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy was done using anodization process. The result showed that in HF electrolyte solution which was anodized for an hour ɑ and β phase that composed Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy was formed, meanwhile when using electrolyte solution of ethylene glycol  + NH4F for 2 hours showed that there were pores that opened on Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy surface. Nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy was formed using electrolyte solution of ethylene glycol + NH4F which was anodized for 3 hours

Liquid Soap Production from Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Fat Waste

Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fat is a waste that has not been used optimally, especially in the use of soap. This study aimed to determine the effect of operating conditions are temperature, reaction time, and the ratio of volume between catfish oil and KOH. Soap can be formed by saponification reaction with strong alkali by hydrolyzing catfish oil with variations in the volume ratio of reactants (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4), temperature (75 °C and 95 °C) and reaction time (45 minutes and 75 minutes) with a constant stirring speed of 300 rpm. In the variation of the volume ratio of reactants, temperature and reaction time carried out in this study, a good liquid soap obtained is the volume ratio of reactants 1:3, temperature 75 °C and reaction time 45 minutes with pH 9.3 and free fatty acid 2.27%. The soap products produced have met SNI No. 06-4085-1996

Fatty Acid and Alkenil Glycoside from the Fruits of Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn)

Two compounds were isolated from methanol extract of mengkudu fruit (Morinda.citrifolia Linn). The extraction was conducted by maceration, while separation and purification using several chromatographic techniques. The compound structures were determined by spectral data including IR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS. Compound 1 was a mixture of 7 fatty acids with hexadecanoic acid as a primarily, meanwhile compound 2 was a mixture of an alkenyl glycoside with an aromatic.Keywords: Morinda citrifolia, asam lemak, alkenil glikosida(Indonesian) Dua senyawa telah diisolasi dari ekstrak metanol buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi yang dilanjutkan dengan pemisahan dan pemurnian dengan menggunakan berbagai teknik kromatografi. Struktur senyawa ditentukan berdasarkan data-data spektroskopi yaitu IR, 1H-NMR dan GC-MS. Senyawa 1 merupakan campuran dari tujuh asam lemak dengan kandungan utama asam heksadekanoat sedangkan senyawa 2 merupakan campuran alkenil glikosida dengan senyawa aromatik.Kata kunci: Morinda citrifolia, asam lemak, alkenil glikosid