Bullying: Um estudo sobre papéis sociais, ansiedade e depressão no contexto escolar

The present study investigated the bullying process in Brazilian schools. 182 children (m age = 9,99 years; sd = 1,15) from Public and Private schools from South Brazil answered measures of victimization, aggression, depression and anxiety. Results showed no differencebetween levels of depression and anxiety between bullies and victims. Therefore, a tendency that the bullies are more depressed than the victims was observed. Boys were more nominated than girls as victims and bullies. Data confirms studies that emphasize the higher prevalence of the presence of boys in bullying process, but also contradict previous studies that showed higher levels of depression in victims but not in bullies, what can be explained by the culturalinfluence. The results point to the importance of clinical interventions focused on this phenomena, which has increased its prevalence between youth nowadays

Predictors of Love Attitudes: The contribution of cultural orientation, gender attachment style, relationship length and age in participants from the UK and Hong Kong

The aim of this research was to explore whether a model including psychological predictors at the individual, interpersonal and cultural level could predict romantic attitudes. Attachment style, cultural orientation, gender, and relationship length were tested as predictors for each of the six love styles conceptualized by Lee (1977). Adults from Britain (N = 56) and Hong Kong (N = 52) who were in a romantic relationship completed four self-report measures; a demographic questionnaire, The Individualism and Collectivism Scale (IC-S), The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-Short Form (ECR-S) and The Love Attitude Scale short form (LAS). The model successfully predicted each love style and in one case (Mania) accounted for 52% of the variance in this love style. Each love attitude had a different profile, and no one predictor dominated any one style which supports Lee’s original idea that the styles are qualitatively differen

Validation portugaise de l‘inventaire «Experiences in Close Relationships»

The Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory permits to evaluate attachment in close relationships during adulthood based on two dimensions able to be present in this kind of relationships: the avoidance of proximity and the anxiety related with to abandonment. It is a self-report 7- points likert scale composed by 36 items. The Portuguese version was administered to a sample of 551 university students (60% female), the majority with ages between 19 and 24 years old (88%) in a dating relationship (86%). The principal components analysis with oblimin rotation was performed. The total scale has good internal consistency (α=.86), as also has the 2 sub-scales: anxiety (α=.86) and avoidance (α=.88). The two dimensions evaluated are significantly correlated with socio-demographics, relational characteristics (jealousy, relationship distress, and compromise), wishes (enmeshment versus differentiation) and fears (abandonment versus control) related to attitudes in significant relationships, which testify the construct validity of the instrument. The results obtained are coherent with the original version and other ECR‘s adaptations. Practitioners and researchers in the context of clinical psychology and related areas have now at their disposal the Portuguese version of the ECR inventory, which has shown its very high usefulness in the study of close relationships, and specifically attachment in adulthood.O inventário 'Experiences in Close Relationships’ permite avaliar a vinculação nas relações íntimas durante a idade adulta com base em duas dimensões susceptíveis de estarem presentes neste tipo de relacionamento: o evitamento da proximidade e a ansiedade relativa ao abandono. É uma medida de auto-relato com 36 itens e 7 categorias de resposta tipo likert. A versão portuguesa do ECR foi administrada a uma amostra de 551 estudantes universitários (60% do sexo feminino), na sua maioria com idades compreendidas entre 19 e 24 anos (88%), e actualmente numa relação do tipo namoro (86%). Realizou-se a análise dos componentes principais e aplicou-se a rotação oblimin. Os valores de consistência interna para a escala total são elevados (α=.86), assim como para as duas sub-escalas: evitamento (α=.88) e ansiedade (α=.86). As dimensões avaliadas pelo inventário correlacionam-se significativamente com variáveis sócio-demográficas, componentes relacionais (compromisso, ciúme, mal-estar relacional), desejos (emaranhamento versus diferenciação) e medos (abandono versus controlo) subjacentes às atitudes com relações significativas, que confirmam a validade de construto do instrumento. Os resultados obtidos para a amostra em estudo são coerentes com a versão original e outras adaptações do ECR. Investigadores e práticos no âmbito da psicologia clínica e áreas afins têm agora à sua disposição a versão portuguesa do inventário ECR para o estudo das relações íntimas, em particular a determinação das dimensões de vinculação na idade adulta.L‘inventaire 'Experiences in Close Relationships’ permet évalué l‘attachement dans le rapport intime durant l‘age adulte se basent en deux dimension susceptible d‘être présentes dans ce genre de rapport: l‘évitement de la proximité e l‘anxiété relative a l‘abondons. C‘est une mesure d‘auto-rapport avec 36 items et 7 catégories de réponse tipe likert. La version portugaise de l‘ECR a été administré a 551 élèves universitaires (60% du sexe féminin), dans sa majorité avec ages comprises entre 19 et 24 ans (88%), et actuellement dans une relation du pré marital (86%). On a réalisé l‘analyse des components principaux et appliqué la rotation oblimin. Les valeurs de consistance interne pour l‘échelle total sont élevés (α=.86), ainsi comme pour les deux sous échelles: évitement (α=.88) et anxiété (α=.86). Les dimension évalués par l‘inventaire se corrélationnels significativement avec variables sociodémographiques, components relationnel (compromis, jaloux, mal-être dans le rapport), désires (dépendance versus différenciation) e peurs (abandons versus contrôle) associés aux attitudes avec relations significatives, qui confirme la validité de construction de l‘instrument. Les résultas obtenus pour l‘échantillon en étude sont d´accord avec la version original et autres adaptations de l‘ECR. Investigateurs et pratiques de la psychologie clinique et domaines affins ont maintenant a sa disposition la version portugaise de l‘inventaire ECR pour l‘étude de rapport intime, en particulier la détermination des dimensions de l´attachement en l‘age adulte

Validación de la Estimación Cognoscitiva de los Procesos de Regulación Emocional para la Emoción de Amor

Love is an emotion able to produce pleasure, plenty and happiness as well as displeasures taking as examples: fear, uncertainty when there is a possibility to loss a love object (e.g. Hatfield & Waster, 1978; Retana, 2004). Based on this, the importance of emotional regulation (ER) is evident in the interpersonal harmony and the successful adjustment to the social environment (Valiente & Eisenberg, 2006). ER is seen as five cognitive mechanisms (situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive change and response modulation) which define the ways to respond particularly to each emotion (Gross & Thompson, 2007). Taking into account this, we evaluated those processes in love emotion in 201 Mexican adults. Findings show on one hand, the tendencies of particular ways to respond to love in the interpersonal context and on the other hand, the applicability, validity and reliability of the measure in this emotion

"I Thought You Loved Me too?": Outcomes of Discrepant Involvement in Romantic Relationships

As romantic relationships begin and evolve, it is sometimes the case that partners are discrepant in their attraction to, love for, and commitment to each other. Data were collected from 460 undergraduates who completed a 40 item Internet survey on the various types of discrepancies and outcomes for their respective relationships. Results revealed that half of participants had been in a discrepant relationship in which they were more attracted to, in love with, and committed to their partner and half were less attracted, in love and committed than a partner in a current or past relationship. Men were significantly more likely than women to report that they had been in a discrepant relationship in which they were more in love with their partner. Being more attracted and less attracted, in love with, and committed was positively associated with infidelity. Depression was positively associated with being more or less attracted to, in love with and committed. Alcohol/drug use was positively associated with being more attracted and in love with a partner, as well as being less attracted and committed to a partner. Of discrepant relationships that ended, 45% were by the respondent, 20% mutually, and 11% by the partner. Of discrepant relationships that continued, 44% of the respondents reported that the discrepancies did not matter and that the respondents were happy despite the discrepancies

Living in cohousing communities: Psychological effects and coping strategies in times of COVID-19

The aim of this study was to compare a sample of residents in cohousing communities (n = 180) and inhabitants in traditional neighborhoods (n = 104). During the social isolation that was decreed by the German government due to the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection was carried out through the Internet. Psychological symptoms and coping strategies were measured, and their differences were investigated by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results showed that residents in cohousing communities have lower levels of depressive, anxiety, compulsive and eating disorders, as well as less use of coping strategies which are based on emotional concealment, problem avoidance, and social withdrawal. Moreover, its inhabitants showed higher levels in the use of social support. It is concluded that living in a cohousing community favors, in comparison with life in traditional neighborhoods, the mental health of its inhabitants.Fil: Schetsche, Christian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Laboratorio de Cognición y Políticas Públicas; ArgentinaFil: Jaume, Luis Carlos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Laboratorio de Cognición y Políticas Públicas; ArgentinaFil: Gago Galvagno, Lucas Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Laboratorio de Cognición y Políticas Públicas; ArgentinaFil: Elgier, Angel Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Laboratorio de Cognición y Políticas Públicas; Argentin

Pregnant women’s view on their relationship:A comparison with nonpregnant women

The positive effects of partner support on pregnancy outcomes and maternal (mental) health are well established in the literature. Less is known about pregnant women’s perceptions of their partner and relationship, and whether these differ from those of nonpregnant women. Therefore, in the current study, data were collected through an online questionnaire among pregnant (n = 66) and nonpregnant (n = 59) women with similar demographic profiles. The results show that pregnant women reported feeling significantly more happy with both their partner and their relationship than nonpregnant women. Importantly, we did not find any differences in self-esteem or mate value between groups. Although the present study is mainly exploratory, we suggest that pregnant women may show a positive bias in the way they view their partner and their relationship, which in turn may be beneficial to her own as well as her child’s mental and physical health.<br/

The Battle between Light and Dark Side of Personality: How Light and Dark Personality Traits Predict Mating Strategies in the Online Context

In recent years, online dating websites, applications, and social media have become increasingly popular tools for finding romantic and/or sexual partners. Individual differences in personality traits predict the use of online dating websites and applications and also influence the motives for their use. Previous work regarding mating strategies in the context of online dating has focused on the Dark Tetrad concept of malevolent personality while ignoring the Light Triad concept of beneficent personality. Light and dark personality traits are not seen as polar opposites as they supplement each other. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the utility of both light (i.e., Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism) and dark (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) personality traits in predicting mating strategies in the online context. A total of 216 participants, ages 20 to 56, which used online dating sites, apps, and social media for finding partners in the past year, completed an online questionnaire assessing Dark Tetrad traits, Light Triad traits, and mating orientations. Narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism positively correlated, while Faith in Humanity and Kantianism negatively correlated with short-term mating. However, only Faith in Humanity was a significant predictor of short-term mating. As for long-term mating, the results have shown that it is negatively related to psychopathy and sadism, while it is positively related to all Light Triad traits. Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism were significant predictors of long-term mating. These findings highlight the utility of the Dark Tetrad and Light Triad traits in mating orientation research

The Relationship Satisfaction of Parents to Children With Congenital Heart Disease

The purpose of the research is to describe the marital satisfaction of parents with a child with congenital heart disease, and the factors associated with it. The data were collected using an electronic questionnaire from applicable parents (n = 104) via the website of the Finnish Association for Heart Children and Adults and a closed Facebook forum where such parents are members. Marital satisfaction was measured using the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) scale. The data were analysed using statistical methods. The variables were described by frequencies, percentages, and dispersion measures (Md = median, Q1= lower quartile, Q3 = upper quartile). Associations between the background variables and relationship satisfaction were examined using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskall-Wallis test. Most of the surveyed parents were quite satisfied with their relationships. Parental factors associated with marital satisfaction were the gender of the parent, current health situation, support received from the spouse, problems with the spouse, and remarkable changes in economic situation during last year. The age of the child with a congenital heart disease was a factor associated with marital satisfaction. The interaction skills of the parents must continue to be supported and strengthened, because good interpersonal skills increase marital satisfaction and help resolve the conflicts that may arise in a relationship

Interpersonal Complementarity – Self-rated Behavior by Normal and Antisocial Adolescents with a Liked and Disliked Peer

The principle of complementarity in interpersonal theory and the SASB model (Structural Analysis of Social Behavior) as developed by Benjamin (1974) were used to study how adolescents in a normal group of 60 adolescents and a group of 42 adolescents with severe behavioural problems rated that they usually behaved in relation to a liked and disliked peer. The peer’s behaviour varied in a systematic way on the dimensions of affiliation and dominance. Complementary behavior was defined as the same behaviour from peer and self and anticomplementarity was defined as opposite behaviour from self in relation the peer’s behavior. Consistent over the two groups complementarity and anticomplementarity were influenced by both the peer’s behaviour and type of relationship with the peer. Friendly behaviour from a liked peer evoked much more complementary friendly behaviour compared to a disliked peer who with the same behaviour evoked almost as much anticomplementary hostile behaviour as complementary friendly behaviour. Hostile behaviour from a disliked peer evoked much more complementary hostile behaviour compared to a liked peer with the same kind of behavior. Autonomy granting from a liked peer evoked more complementary autonomous  behaviour compared to a disliked peer. Differences between the two groups were small and only in relation with a disliked peer. The results were discussed in terms of interpersonal theory and the principle of complementarity with focus on kind of relationship