54,640 research outputs found
Quenching Factor for Low Energy Nuclear Recoils in a Plastic Scintillator
Plastic scintillators are widely used in industry, medicine and scientific
research, including nuclear and particle physics. Although one of their most
common applications is in neutron detection, experimental data on their
response to low-energy nuclear recoils are scarce. Here, the relative
scintillation efficiency for neutron-induced nuclear recoils in a
polystyrene-based plastic scintillator (UPS-923A) is presented, exploring
recoil energies between 125 keV and 850 keV. Monte Carlo simulations,
incorporating light collection efficiency and energy resolution effects, are
used to generate neutron scattering spectra which are matched to observed
distributions of scintillation signals to parameterise the energy-dependent
quenching factor. At energies above 300 keV the dependence is reasonably
described using the semi-empirical formulation of Birks and a kB factor of
(0.014+/-0.002) g/MeVcm^2 has been determined. Below that energy the measured
quenching factor falls more steeply than predicted by the Birks formalism.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
Spin-gap opening accompanied by a strong magnetoelastic response in the S=1 magnetic dimer system Ba3BiRu2O9
Neutron diffraction, magnetization, resistivity, and heat capacity
measurements on the 6H-perovskite Ba3BiRu2O9 reveal simultaneous magnetic and
structural dimerization driven by strong magnetoelastic coupling. An
isostructural but strongly displacive first-order transition on cooling through
T*=176 K is associated with a change in the nature of direct Ru-Ru bonds within
Ru2O9 face-sharing octahedra. Above T*, Ba3BiRu2O9 is an S=1 magnetic dimer
system with intradimer exchange interactions J0/kB=320 K and interdimer
exchange interactions J'/kB=-160 K. Below T*, a spin-gapped state emerges with
\Delta\approx220 K. Ab initio calculations confirm antiferromagnetic exchange
within dimers, but the transition is not accompanied by long range-magnetic
order.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Physical Review
Tree Level Unitarity Bounds for the Minimal B-L Model
We have derived the unitarity bounds in the high energy limit for the minimal
B-L extension of the Standard Model by analysing the full class of Higgs and
would-be Goldstone boson two-to-two scatterings at tree level. Moreover, we
have investigated how these limits could vary at some lower critical value of
the energy.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; 1d figure modified, typos corrected,
bibliography augmented; published in PRD after minor adjustmen
Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B0→K∗0μ+μ−
The angular distribution and differential branching fraction of the decay B 0→ K ∗0 μ + μ − are studied using a data sample, collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1. Several angular observables are measured in bins of the dimuon invariant mass squared, q 2. A first measurement of the zero-crossing point of the forward-backward asymmetry of the dimuon system is also presented. The zero-crossing point is measured to be q20=4.9±0.9GeV2/c4 , where the uncertainty is the sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions
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Determination of plasticity following deformation and welding of austenitic stainless steel
Intergranular strain has been associated with high-temperature cracking of welded pipework in 316H austenitic stainless steel material used in nuclear power plant heat exchangers. In this study, neutron diffraction has been used to study the development of intergranular strains in plastically-deformed and welded 316H stainless steel. Measurements have been made of the intergranular strain evolution with increasing plastic strain in base material, and correlated with further measurements made in samples extracted from welded pipes, where the pipes were welded following plastic deformation to different levels of plastic strain. Strong tensile strain evolution was seen on the compliant 200 grain family. The results were correlated with various proxy measures of plastic strain, including hardness and diffraction peak width, and excellent agreement was obtained
Search for the glueball candidates f0(1500) and fJ(1710) in gamma gamma collisions
Data taken with the ALEPH detector at LEP1 have been used to search for gamma
gamma production of the glueball candidates f0(1500) and fJ(1710) via their
decay to pi+pi-. No signal is observed and upper limits to the product of gamma
gamma width and pi+pi- branching ratio of the f0(1500) and the fJ(1710) have
been measured to be Gamma_(gamma gamma -> f0(1500)). BR(f0(1500)->pi+pi-) <
0.31 keV and Gamma_(gamma gamma -> fJ(1710)). BR(fJ(1710)->pi+pi-) < 0.55 keV
at 95% confidence level.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Investigating the Kinematics of Coronal Mass Ejections with the Automated CORIMP Catalog
Studying coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in coronagraph data can be challenging
due to their diffuse structure and transient nature, compounded by the
variations in their dynamics, morphology, and frequency of occurrence. The
large amounts of data available from missions like the Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory (SOHO) make manual cataloging of CMEs tedious and prone to human
error, and so a robust method of detection and analysis is required and often
preferred. A new coronal image processing catalog called CORIMP has been
developed in an effort to achieve this, through the implementation of a dynamic
background separation technique and multiscale edge detection. These algorithms
together isolate and characterise CME structure in the field-of-view of the
Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) onboard SOHO. CORIMP also applies
a Savitzky-Golay filter, along with quadratic and linear fits, to the
height-time measurements for better revealing the true CME speed and
acceleration profiles across the plane-of-sky. Here we present a sample of new
results from the CORIMP CME catalog, and directly compare them with the other
automated catalogs of Computer Aided CME Tracking (CACTus) and Solar Eruptive
Events Detection System (SEEDS), as well as the manual CME catalog at the
Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) Data Center and a previously
published study of the sample events. We further investigate a form of
unsupervised machine learning by using a k-means clustering algorithm to
distinguish detections of multiple CMEs that occur close together in space and
time. While challenges still exist, this investigation and comparison of
results demonstrates the reliability and robustness of the CORIMP catalog,
proving its effectiveness at detecting and tracking CMEs throughout the LASCO
dataset.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, 1 tabl
Spin dynamics of molecular nanomagnets fully unraveled by four-dimensional inelastic neutron scattering
Molecular nanomagnets are among the first examples of spin systems of finite
size and have been test-beds for addressing a range of elusive but important
phenomena in quantum dynamics. In fact, for short-enough timescales the spin
wavefunctions evolve coherently according to the an appropriate cluster
spin-Hamiltonian, whose structure can be tailored at the synthetic level to
meet specific requirements. Unfortunately, to this point it has been impossible
to determine the spin dynamics directly. If the molecule is sufficiently
simple, the spin motion can be indirectly assessed by an approximate model
Hamiltonian fitted to experimental measurements of various types. Here we show
that recently-developed instrumentation yields the four-dimensional
inelastic-neutron scattering function S(Q,E) in vast portions of reciprocal
space and enables the spin dynamics to be determined with no need of any model
Hamiltonian. We exploit the Cr8 antiferromagnetic ring as a benchmark to
demonstrate the potential of this new approach. For the first time we extract a
model-free picture of the quantum dynamics of a molecular nanomagnet. This
allows us, for example, to examine how a quantum fluctuation propagates along
the ring and to directly test the degree of validity of the
N\'{e}el-vector-tunneling description of the spin dynamics
Characterization of the CBC2 readout ASIC for the CMS strip-tracker high-luminosity upgrade
The CMS Binary Chip 2 (CBC2) is a full-scale prototype ASIC developed for the front-end readout of the high-luminosity upgrade of the CMS silicon strip tracker. The 254-channel, 130 nm CMOS ASIC is designed for the binary readout of double-layer modules, and features cluster-width discrimination and coincidence logic for detecting high-PT track candidates. The chip was delivered in January 2013 and has since been bump-bonded to a dual-chip hybrid and extensively tested. The CBC2 is fully functional and working to specification: we present the result of electrical characterization of the chip, including gain, noise, threshold scan and power consumption, together with the performance of the stub finding logic. Finally we will outline the plan for future developments towards the production version
The Arches cluster revisited: II. A massive eclipsing spectroscopic binary in the Arches cluster
We have carried out a spectroscopic variability survey of some of the most massive stars in the Arches cluster, using K-band observations obtained with SINFONI on the VLT. One target, F2, exhibits substantial changes in radial velocity; in combination with new KMOS and archival SINFONI spectra, its primary component is found to undergo radial velocity variation with a period of 10.483+/-0.002 d and an amplitude of ~350 km/s-1. A secondary radial velocity curve is also marginally detectable. We reanalyse archival NAOS-CONICA photometric survey data in combination with our radial velocity results to confirm this object as an eclipsing SB2 system, and the first binary identified in the Arches. We model it as consisting of an 82+/-12 M⊙ WN8-9h primary and a 60+/-8 M⊙ O5-6 Ia+ secondary, and as having a slightly eccentric orbit, implying an evolutionary stage prior to strong binary interaction. As one of four X-ray bright Arches sources previously proposed as colliding-wind massive binaries, it may be only the first of several binaries to be discovered in this cluster, presenting potential challenges to recent models for the Arches' age and composition. It also appears to be one of the most massive binaries detected to date; the primary's calculated initial mass of >~120 M⊙ would arguably make this the most massive binary known in the Galaxy
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