PENERAPAN KONSELING KELOMPOK TEKNIK KONTRAK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEDISIPLINAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 2 PORONG

Abstrak   Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya kedisiplinan belajar siswa saat ini. Ditambah dengan adanya covid-19 yang mengakibatkan harus belajar dirumah sehingga siswa tidak memiliki kesadaran dalam belajar, tidak mengikuti pembelajaran secara optimal dan mengerjakan tugas.  Tujuan yang ingin dicapai pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik kontrak untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan belajar siswa kelas VIII E di SMP Negeri 2 Porong. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan One group pretest-posttest design. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII E sebanyak 5 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kisi-kisi(blue print). Menggunakan metode analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah Wilcoxon yang sesuai dengan judul penelitian yaitu penerapan konseling kelompok teknik kontrak untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan belajar siswa. Digunakan pre-test dan post-test one group design maka dengan uji wilcoxon menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 26.     &nbsp

CRDB: a database of charged cosmic rays

This paper gives a description of a new on-line database http://lpsc.in2p3.fr/crdb and associated on-line tools (data selection, data export, plots, etc.) for charged cosmic-ray measurements. The experimental setups (type, flight dates, techniques) from which the data originate are included in the database, along with the references to all relevant publications. The database relies on the MySQL5 engine. The web pages and queries are based on PHP, AJAX and the jquery, jquery.cluetip, jquery-ui, and table-sorter third-party libraries. In this first release, we restrict ourselves to Galactic cosmic rays with Z<=30 and a kinetic energy per nucleon up to a few tens of TeV/n. This corresponds to more than 200 different sub-experiments (i.e., different experiments, or data from the same experiment flying at different times) in as many publications. We set up a cosmic-ray database and provide tools to sort and visualise the data. New data can be submitted, providing the community with a collaborative tool to archive past and future cosmic-ray measurements. Any help/ideas to further expand and/or complement the database is welcome (please contact [email protected]).Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures: new Sect. 2.3 on Solar modulation parameters in CRDB v2.1, see http://lpsc.in2p3.fr/crd

Note on the nature of cosmic rays

The recent experiments of Bothe and Kolhoerster(1) have led to an important and interesting conclusion. The ionization phenomena, by means of which cosmic rays are measured, are produced by highly penetrating corpuscular rays. It remains, however, an open question whether this corpuscular radiation is identical with the cosmic rays themselves, or is secondary in its nature, produced by primary rays of an electromagnetic character. Bothe and Kolhoerster admit both possibilities, but they seem to lean toward the first, owing to the fact that their corpuscular rays show a penetration of the same order of magnitude as that of the cosmic rays themselves

Studies of Cosmic Rays with GeV Gamma Rays

We describe the role of GeV gamma-ray observations with GLAST-LAT (Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope - Large Area Telescope) in identifying interaction sites of cosmic-ray proton (or hadrons) with interstellar medium (ISM). We expect to detect gamma rays from neutral pion decays in high-density ISM regions in the Galaxy, Large Magellanic Cloud, and other satellite galaxies. These gamma-ray sources have been detected already with EGRET (Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope) as extended sources (eg. LMC and Orion clouds) and GLAST-LAT will detect many more with a higher spatial resolution and in a wider spectral range. We have developed a novel image restoration technique based on the Richardson-Lucy algorithm optimized for GLAST-LAT observation of extended sources. Our algorithm calculates PSF (point spread function) for each event. This step is very important for GLAST-LAT and EGRET image analysis since PSF varies more than one order of magnitude from one gamma ray to another depending on its energy as well as its impact point and angle in the instrument. The GLAST-LAT and EGRET image analysis has to cope with Poisson fluctuation due to low number of detected photons for most sources. Our technique incorporates wavelet filtering to minimize effects due to the fluctuation. Preliminary studies on some EGRET sources are presented, which shows potential of this novel image restoration technique for the identification and characterisation of extended gamma-ray sources.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, Invited Talk at International Workshop on "Cosmic-Rays and High Energy Universe," Aoyama-Gakuin University, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan, March 5-6, 200

Cosmic Rays, Gamma rays, Neutrinos and Gravitational Waves

This paper discusses the relation between the study of the fluxes of cosmic rays, gamma rays and neutrinos, and the connection of these observations with the newly born field of gravitational wave astronomy.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings of workshop SCINEGHE 201