786 research outputs found

    Possible Mutual Influences in the Prosody of Slovene Speech and Slovene Folk Songs

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    The article tackles the popular topic of the potential interaction of music and language by comparing the prosody of Slovene speech and the melodic and rhythmic properties of the Slovene folk song. The study shows potential connections between tonemicity and interval range, the predictability of word stress and rhythmic accent, and different dialects and their musical traditions. The article thus presents a preliminary study of potential similarities between a specific language and music. Although, due to a lack of research for other languages, it is difficult to guarantee that the results are not coincidental, the study presents a promising first attempt at such a comparison

    KAJKAVSKA PROZODIJA

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    Najprije se prikazuje razvitak kajkavske akcentuacije a onda se daje pregled današnjeg stanja po tipovima

    Semantička preferencija i semantička prozodija kolokacije make sense

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    Semantic preference and semantic prosody are two notions that have been carefully analysed in corpus linguistics over the past few years. As corpora have become larger in size, and tools for extracting different lexical items for different purposes have been developed, the two terms have been addressed more frequently by linguists. Semantic preference can be defined as the relation between a word form and set of semantically related words, whereas the concept of semantic prosody of a given word or phrase occurs in the context of that particular lexical item with other words or phrases. This article reports on a study which analysed semantic preference and semantic prosody of one of the most common V-N collocations make sense. The environment of the collocation make sense is observed in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The procedure involves every second of the first randomly selected 100 occurrences of all the word forms of the collocation make sense i.e. make sense, makes sense, made sense and making sense. All the occurrences are manually examined and observed at the span of 10 words to the left and 10 words to the right and the results are compared.Semantička preferencija i semantička prozodija dva su pomno analizirana pojma u korpusnoj lingvistici tijekom proteklih nekoliko godina. Kako su se povećavali obimi korpusa te napredovali alati za pronalaženje različitih leksičkih pojmova za različite svrhe, lingvisti su počeli detaljnije analizirati ta dva pojma. Dok se semantička preferencija može definirati kao odnos između određenog oblika riječi s nizom semantički povezanih riječi, semantička prozodija određene riječi ili izraza realizira se u kontekstu u kojem se određeni leksički pojam pojavljuje s drugim riječima ili izrazima. Ovaj članak osvrće se na istraživanje u kojem su analizirane semantička preferencija i semantička prozodija jedne od najčešće korištenih kolokacija glagola i imenice make sense. Okruženje u kojem se pojavljuje kolokacija make sense promatrano je u Korpusu suvremenog američkog engleskog jezika (COCA). Od prvih 100 kolokacija pronađenih slučajnim odabirom analizirana je svaka druga i svi oblici kolokacije uključeni su u istraživanje, tj. make sense, makes sense, made sense i making sense. Svi su oblici kolokacije analizirani pojedinačno, promatrani u kontekstualnom okviru od 10 riječi s obje strane kolokacije te uspoređeni. Rezultati ukazuju na vrlo važnu ulogu dvaju pojmova, semantičke preferencije i semantičke prozodije, prilikom definiranja jasnog značenja kolokacije make sense. Ovo istraživanje također podržava stav da su milijunski korpusi jedini pouzdani izvori koji pružaju točne i objektivne informacije o prirodnom jeziku

    KAJKAVSKI GOVOR REPUŠNICE (GLAVNA FONOLOŠKA I MORFOLOŠKA OBILJEŽJA)

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    U radu se opisuje fonološki sustav (samoglasnici, suglasnici, prozodija) kajkavskoga govora moslavačkoga sela Repušnice kod Kutine i daju se glavne značajke morfološkoga sustava

    Semantična prozodija

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    The monograph focuses on corpus analysis of texts, exploring the interface between lexical and discursive aspects of pragmatic meaning. As the concept of evaluation is key to understanding how language works, our aim is to shed light on semantic prosody – a traditionally neglected evaluation-related phenomenon in Slovenian linguistics – as shown in some specific areas of applied linguistics, especially lexicography and translation. The locus of this phenomenon, which determines the pragmatic function of a unit of meaning, is in the textual, not the lexical meaning. This poses a challenge to modern lexicography. The introduction is followed by a brief outline of the history of pragmatic research and an analysis of selected lexical units, while in the second part of the book pragmatic aspects of textual and discursive analysis, including evaluation and metaphor, are presented. The importance of semantic prosody for linguistics is confirmed by tradition, as well as by insights in many areas closely related to language and interpretation of meaning, such as digitization and (language) technology, media discourse and policy, or law.Monografija se usmerja v korpusno analizo besedil, ki kaže, kje se stikajo oziroma prepletajo leksikalni in diskurzivni vidiki pragmatičnega pomena. Pojem vrednotenja je ključen za razumevanje, kako jezik deluje, zato smo želeli s posebnim poudarkom na pojavu, imenovanem semantična prozodija, osvetliti to, v slovenskem prostoru tradicionalno zapostavljeno temo, kot se kaže na nekaterih specifičnih področjih uporabnega jezikoslovja, posebej v leksikografiji in prevodoslovju. Lokus tega pojava, ki določa pragmatično funkcijo pomenske enote, je v besedilnem, ne leksikalnem pomenu, kar predstavlja izziv za sodobne leksikografske opise. Prvi del knjige sestavljajo poleg uvoda krajši zgodovinski oris pragmatičnih jezikovnih teorij in izbrane leksikalne analize, v drugem delu sledi navezava na pragmatične vidike besedilne oziroma diskurzivne analize, na vrednotenje in metaforo, ob koncu pojav osvetlimo še v medjezični perspektivi. Pomen raziskovanja semantične prozodije za jezikoslovje potrjuje tradicija, pa tudi spoznanja na mnogih področjih, ki so tesno povezana z jezikom in interpretacijo pomena, denimo digitalizacija in tehnologije, medijske politike in vsebine ali pravo(sodje)

    F. W. Haacko žodyno prozodija

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    The article deals with the notation of prosodic features of Lithuanian words in F. W. Haack’s Lithuanian-German and German-Lithuanian dictionary (1730). First, the place of stress (in some cases also tone) is shown by Haack’s diacritical marks. Second, in some cases the place of stress is indirectly reflected by orthographic devices used to mark vowel quantity, e.g., the use of two different letters <i> and <y> for the long vowel y or the use of double consonants to mark the brevity of the preceding vowel. Finally, a separate valuable source of data for Lithuanian historical accentology is constituted by hand-written diacritical marks placed above some words in the copy of the dictionary held at Vilnius University Library.Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas lietuviškų žodžių prozodinių ypatybių žymėjimas F. W. Haacko lietuvių–vokiečių ir vokiečių–lietuvių kalbų žodyne (1730). Žodžių kirčio vietą (tam tikrais atvejais ir priegaidę) visų pirma rodo žodyne vartojami diakritiniai ženklai. Be to, tam tikrais atvejais kirčio vietą netiesiogiai gali atspindėti ir balsių kiekybę žyminčios rašybos ypatybės, pvz., ilgojo balsio y žymėjimas dviem skirtingomis raidėmis <i> ir <y> ar trumpųjų balsių žymėjimas po jų einančių priebalsių dvigubinimu. Pagaliau, svarbiu atskiru istorinės akcentologijos šaltiniu gali būti laikomi ir VU bibliotekoje saugomame žodyno egzemplioriuje nežinomo asmens ranka ant dalies žodžių uždėti diakritiniai ženklai

    Kirčio ir intonacijos fonetinė interakcija: bendrinės lietuvių kalbos tyrimas

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    It is commonly accepted, that word stress in Standard Lithuanian has a complex phonetic nature. However, empirical data do not support such a view. The functional importance of acoustic parameters can only be proven relying on their “relations of relations” between stressed and unstressed syllables. To put it simply, we cannot state for sure that in all cases stressed syllables are superior in acoustical means. We can rely on intersyllabic relation of some sort only. If this is true, word stress is no more recognizable from a sintagmatic point of view. In addition, such interpretation presupposes a very complex mechanism of stress perception that is difficult to verify by experimental means. This article highlights the phonetic interaction of prosodic elements in the hope that more invariant features of acoustic stress structure can be captured from this perspective. The analyzed data show that prosodic elements selectively regulate the amount of acoustic energy, its degree of variation and dynamics. The first two are the prerogative of the phrasal intonation and the third is determined by the stress. The latter prosodic element, to put it more simply, is a factor that determines the control of acoustic energy distribution at the intersyllabic level.Iki šiol vyrauja nuostata, kad lietuvių kalbos kirčio fonetinė prigimtis yra mišri. Vis dėlto praktika rodo, kad pagrįsti visų akustinių parametrų funkcinį svorį įmanoma nebent kirčiuotų ir nekirčiuotų skiemenų santykių santykiais. Kitaip sakant, galime kalbėti ne apie kirčiuotų skiemenų pranašumą nekirčiuotųjų atžvilgiu kiekybiniais ir kokybiniais rodikliais, bet tik apie tam tikrą jų santykį. Ši sąlyga paverčia kirtį nebe sintagminės, o paradigminės analizės objektu. Be to, tokia nuostata suponuoja labai sudėtingą perceptyvinės kirčio identifikacijos mechanizmą, sunkiai patikrinamą eksperimentinėmis priemonėmis. Šiame straipsnyje aktualizuojama prozodinių elementų fonetinė interakcija, tikintis, kad iš šios perspektyvos galima užčiuopti universalesnius akustinės kirčio struktūros požymius. Išanalizuoti duomenys rodo, kad prozodiniai elementai selektyviai reguliuoja akustinės energijos kiekį, jos kitimo laipsnį ir dinamiką. Pirmieji du dėmenys yra frazės intonacijos prerogatyva, trečiasis – kirčio. Pastarasis prozodinis elementas, paprasčiau sakant, yra veiksnys, sąlygojantis akustinės energijos distribucijos kontrolę tarpskiemeniniu lygmeniu

    TEACHING THE CROATIAN PROSODY

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    U radu se propituje obrada hrvatskoga naglasnog sustava u srednjoškolskome obrazovanju. Analiziranjem udžbenika hrvatskoga jezika i anketiranjem srednjoškolskih gimnazijskih profesora i profesora strukovnih škola dobiveni su podatci o načinu obrade naglasnoga sustava u različitim usmjerenjima, o problemima s obradom naglasnoga sustava te o zastupljenosti pojedinih sadržaja u nastavi s osobitim osvrtom na odmake od naglasne norme – koji nisu obvezan nastavni sadržaj. Razlike u pristupu naglasnomu sustavu s obzirom na srednjoškolsko usmjerenje potvrđuju se i anketiranjem bivših učenika gimnazija i strukovnih škola, kao i testovima znanja. Radom se potvrđuje i činjenica kako je zainteresiranost (i profesora i učenika) za učenje i usvajanje toga gradiva vrlo slaba što naposljetku potvrđuje i tvrdnju da standardni naglasak ne konotira prestiž, viši status i jezičnu kompetenciju.This paper deals with the way Croatian accentual system is taught in secondary education. By analyzing Croatian language textbooks for secondary schools and surveying secondary school teachers of Croatian (in comprehensive schools and vocational schools) data has been gathered about the way the accentual system is taught in different school programs, about problems with presentingthe accentual system, and about representation of individual topics in teaching, with a special emphasis on departures from the accentual norm, which is not an obligatory teaching topic. Significant differences in approach to the accentual system with regard to different secondary school programs are confirmed by surveying former pupils of comprehensive and vocational schools, as well as by proficiency tests. The present study confirms the fact that the interest (in both teachers and pupils) for learning and acquiring knowledge about the accentual system is very low, which finally also confirms the claim that the standard accent does not connote prestige, higher status and linguistic competence

    The prosody of the local dialect of Pojatno

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    Govor Pojatna pokazuje velike sličnosti s govorima susjedne Donje Pušće i Kupljenova te govorima još nekoliko manjih naselja na području Općine Pušća i Grada Zaprešića. Čini se da je riječ o posebnoj skupini govora, a temeljne izoglose koje je dijele od njoj susjednih dijalekata i skupina govora jesu očuvanje konzervativnoga naglasnog sustava (Ivšićeva skupina I1), što je razlikuje od susjednih govora na sjeveru i istoku; refleks jata i poluglasa u samoglas- niku e-tipa, što je dijeli od govora donjosutlanskoga dijalekta s južne i zapadne strane; te refleks stražnjega nazala i slogotvornoga u u. U radu se detaljnije predstavljaju rezultati istraživanja pojatenskoga govora kao reprezentanta spomenute skupine govora. Točnije, predstavljen je njegov prozodijski podsustav, čija su najizrazitija obilježja čuvanje staroga naglasnog mjesta i oksitoneze tipa žen, opreke po tonu na dugoj naglašenoj ultimi te opreke po kvantiteti u slogu ispred kratkoga naglašenog sloga. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da prozodijski sustav Pojatna pokazuje veliku sličnost s prozodijskim sustavom govora Donje Pušće te zanemariv broj inovacija u odnosu na pretpostavljenu osnovnu kajkavsku akcentuaciju.The local dialect of Pojatno greatly resembles the local dialects of the adjacent settlements of Donja Pušća and Kupljenovo, as well as the local dialects of a few smaller villages in the municipalities of Pušća and Zaprešić. It appears that these local dialects constitute a special group, and the basic isoglosses that distinguish it from the adjacent dialects are the following: the preservation of the archaic accentual system (Ivšić’s type I1), which differentiates it from the adjacent local dialects to the north and to the east; reflexes of jat and of the semivowel ə as a vowel of the e-type, which differentiate it from the local dialects of the Lower-Sutla dialect to the south and to the west; and reflexes of the back nasal vowel and of the syllabic l as u. This paper presents in detail the results of the research of the local dialect of Pojatno, which is seen as paradigmatic of this newly identified group of local dialects. More specifically, the paper presents its prosodic system, whose most distinctive features are the preservation of the old place of accent and the oxytonesis of the type žen, tonal opposition in the long accented ultimate syllable, and quantitative opposition in the syllable that precedes the short accented syllable. The results of the research point to the fact that the prosodic system of Pojatno greatly resembles the prosodic system of Donja Pušća and exhibits a negligible number of innovations with regard to the assumed basic Kajkavian accentuation
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